钒掺杂的钛酸钠纳米管作为多相催化剂用于室温下硫化物的氧化（英文）

合成了一种含有TiO_2,Na和V的多相纳米管催化剂,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和N_2吸附-脱附法对该催化剂的结构和织构性质进行了表征,并用于水中30%H_2O_2选择性氧化硫化物制备对应的亚砜.该法具有产率极高、多相体系和简便等优点,可用于含一系列官能团底物的氧化,产物分离简便     

Pt/HM和Pd/HM催化剂表面氧的恢复与供出活化能测定

催化氧化是最重要的工业催化反应之一。七十年代以来,关于氧化催化剂的基础研究取得了长足的进步,采用各种手段对氧化催化剂的表面及体相氧种进行了考察。本文作者根据研究实用氧化催化剂的经验,结合控制论方法,亦提出了多相催化氧化反应的集团结构适应性规律。近年来,作者用TPD和吸附平衡法研究了V_2O_5/SiO_2催化剂表面氧的种类、数目和供出活性,较好地关联了催化氧化的一些事实,使以上规律更趋于半定量化。在多相氧化反应中,催化剂表面活性氧不断处于供出和恢复的循环之中,催化剂表面氧中心的供     

丙氨酸-水杨醛席夫碱锰(Ⅲ)配合物的制备及其对烯烃环氧化的催化性能

 丙氨酸与水杨醛反应生成含羧基席夫碱, 利用羧基与氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的氨基生成酰胺键得到三乙氧基硅官能团化的配体. 该配体与乙酸锰配位生成的配合物与正硅酸乙酯通过溶胶-凝胶方法共聚制得锚链固定的多相化催化剂. 利用FT-IR,XPS和N2吸附法对该多相化催化剂进行了表征. 与均相催化剂相比,该催化剂对环己烯环氧化反应的催化活性及选择性较高. 在环己烯为25 mmol,异丁醛为50 mmol,催化剂用量为0.01 mmol,反应温度为35 ℃,反应时间为6 h的条件下,环己烯转化率可达99.6%,环氧环己烷选择性可达88.2%. 循环使用6次后催化剂性能没有明显改变.     

Co掺杂SAPO-5分子筛制备及其催化氧气氧化环己烷反应性能(英文)

环己醇和环己酮(KA油)是制备尼龙所需材料己二酸和己内酰胺的重要中间体,也可用作油漆、农药和染料等的溶剂以及染色和褪光丝的均化剂等.工业上制取KA油的方法主要为苯酚加氢法、环己烯水合法和环己烷氧化法,其中环己烷氧化法最为普遍,是非常重要的工业过程.为获得适宜的KA油选择性,工业上普遍采用Co盐为催化剂,将环己烷氧化单程转化率控制在5.0%以下,从而使得产物选择性达到70%以上.该环己烷氧化制KA油过程不仅生产效率较低,而且所用均相催化剂因分离困难而不能重复使用.因此,当前关于环己烷氧化反应催化剂的研究均是围绕多相催化剂进行.氧气选择性氧化环己烷反应因具有更高的原子经济性而逐渐成为环己烷氧化法制KA油研究中最具挑战性的课题.该反应是自由基机理,而Co~(2+),Cr~(3+),Mn~(2+)和Ce~(2+)等金属离子可以促进自由基链反应,因此含有这些金属的多相催化剂被广泛用于该反应.另一方面,AlPO-n系列分子筛由于具有特殊的孔结构和一定的表面酸性,在催化反应中显示出较大的应用潜力.如果进行杂原子掺杂,通过改变分子筛骨架的电荷平衡,可以有效提高其表面酸性.例如磷酸硅铝分子筛(SAPO-5)具有中等强度的酸性和良好的择形性,因而作为固体酸催化剂广泛用于乙醇脱水、甲醇制烯烃、丙烯聚合和苯乙烯环氧化等反应,表现出较高的选择性和良好的稳定性.本文以传统均相Co盐催化剂的多相化为出发点,制备了Co掺杂SAPO-5与分子筛催化剂(Co-SAPO-5),考察了Co掺杂量对催化剂结构、表面性质以及氧气选择性氧化环己烷反应性能的影响.结果表明,一部分Co进入分子筛骨架,同时有少量Co以氧化钻形式高度分散在SAPO-5表面.Co掺杂对SAOP-5催化剂比表面积没有显著影响,但可使其孔体积减小.相反,Co掺杂可以提高SAOP-5分子筛表面B酸性位数量和总酸量.活性测试结果表明,环己烷转化率随着Co-SAPO-5催化剂中Co含量的增加而增加,但KA油选择性在转化率高于6.3%时急剧下降.还考察了反应温度、反应时间、初始氧气压力和催化剂用量对Co-SAPO-5分子筛催化剂性能的影响,得到了最优反应条件.以Co-SAPO-5-0.2(Co/Si摩尔比为0.2)分子筛为催化剂时,KA油总收率最高可达7.8%.另外,Co-SAPO-5催化剂在环己烷氧化反应中显示出很好的稳定性,Co-SAPO-5-0.2催化剂套用6次后活性几乎没有变化.     

分子前驱体衍生的氧化镍电极催化水氧化性能研究

太阳能分解水制氢是解决当前能源和环境危机的潜在手段之一.其中由于水氧化半反应涉及4个电子和4个质子的转移,因此是全分解水反应的瓶颈所在.为了发展高效的水氧化催化剂,降低水氧化过电位,人们付出了巨大的努力.目前活性最高的水氧化催化剂都是基于钌和铱的贵金属催化剂,高昂的成本阻碍了这些催化剂的规模化应用,因此人们尝试利用各种方法制备基于廉价金属的水氧化催化剂.2008年,Nocera课题组利用电沉积法从磷酸溶液中得到了高活性氧化钴催化剂,之后该法逐渐得到推广.最近,Spiccia和Allen课题组利用分子前驱体通过电沉积法制备了氧化镍催化剂,但其催化活性和稳定性有待进一步提高.本文将一个简单的镍配合物[Ni(en)3]Cl2(en=1,2-乙二胺)作为前驱体溶解到磷酸缓冲溶液中,在FTO基底上电沉积得到具有高催化活性的氧化镍水氧化催化剂.在pH=11的磷酸缓冲溶液中,由分子前驱体沉积所得到的NiOx的催化电流达到1 mA/cm2时的过电位为375 mV,且可稳定工作10 h以上.其催化过程中的Tafel斜率为46 mV/decade,表现出优异的动力学特性.该电极和之前文献中催化活性最高的从分子前驱体衍生得到的NiOx相比展现出较大的优势.比如在1.3 V(相对于NHE)电压下,[Ni(en)3]Cl2衍生的NiOx催化电流密度可以达到8.5 mA/cm2,法拉第效率为98%.而Ni-氨基乙酸衍生的NiOx在相同条件下催化电流密度为4 mA/cm2,法拉第效率仅为60%.该工作充分证明以分子配合物作为前驱体是制备高效高稳定性多相水氧化催化剂的简便途径.有机配体和金属螯合的分子前驱体在结构上具有灵活可调的特性,从而有助于构建活性和效率更高的催化体系.     

微波法制备SO_4~(2-)_/TiO_2催化剂及其光催化氧化性能

采用微波法、混合加热法和常规加热法制备 SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2催化剂 ,运用 XRD、 BET、 DRS及 LRS光谱测定等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征 ,并以光催化降解 C2H4为模型反应考察了不同制备方法对催化剂的光催化氧化反应性能的影响 .研究结果表明 ,微波法制备的 SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2催化剂的光催化氧化性能得到明显改善 ,对乙烯转化率为 80％ ,而混合加热法和常规加热法制备的样品乙烯转化率分别为 58％和 41％ .微波辐射制备的催化剂锐钛矿相含量高、比表面积大 ,光吸收阈值增大;并且拉曼散射光谱向低波数方向移动 ,有助于增加光致电子的跃迁几率 ,提高多相光催化过程的本征量子效率 .     

分子前驱体衍生的氧化镍电极催化水氧化性能研究（英文）

太阳能分解水制氢是解决当前能源和环境危机的潜在手段之一.其中由于水氧化半反应涉及4个电子和4个质子的转移,因此是全分解水反应的瓶颈所在.为了发展高效的水氧化催化剂,降低水氧化过电位,人们付出了巨大的努力.目前活性最高的水氧化催化剂都是基于钌和铱的贵金属催化剂,高昂的成本阻碍了这些催化剂的规模化应用,因此人们尝试利用各种方法制备基于廉价金属的水氧化催化剂.2008年,Nocera课题组利用电沉积法从磷酸溶液中得到了高活性氧化钴催化剂,之后该法逐渐得到推广.最近,Spiccia和Allen课题组利用分子前驱体通过电沉积法制备了氧化镍催化剂,但其催化活性和稳定性有待进一步提高.本文将一个简单的镍配合物[Ni(en)_3]Cl_2(en=1,2-乙二胺)作为前驱体溶解到磷酸缓冲溶液中,在FTO基底上电沉积得到具有高催化活性的氧化镍水氧化催化剂.在pH=11的磷酸缓冲溶液中,由分子前驱体沉积所得到的NiO_x的催化电流达到1 mA/cm~2时的过电位为375 mV,且可稳定工作10 h以上.其催化过程中的Tafel斜率为46 mV/decade,表现出优异的动力学特性.该电极和之前文献中催化活性最高的从分子前驱体衍生得到的NiO_x相比展现出较大的优势.比如在1.3 V(相对于NHE)电压下,[Ni(en)3]Cl2衍生的NiO_x催化电流密度可以达到8.5 mA/cm~2,法拉第效率为98%.而Ni-氨基乙酸衍生的NiO_x在相同条件下催化电流密度为4 mA/cm~2,法拉第效率仅为60%.该工作充分证明以分子配合物作为前驱体是制备高效高稳定性多相水氧化催化剂的简便途径.有机配体和金属螯合的分子前驱体在结构上具有灵活可调的特性,从而有助于构建活性和效率更高的催化体系.     

温和条件下液态醇催化氧化制醛、酮

本文对温和条件下液态醇催化氧化制醛或酮的研究进展进行了全面评述,介绍了均相催化剂、液固多相催化剂、有机相-水相两相催化剂、氟两相催化剂和离子液相催化剂,着重讨论了以O_2为氧源的催化体系.     

微波法制备SO2-4/TiO2催化剂及其光催化氧化性能

采用微波法、混合加热法和常规加热法制备/TiO2催化剂,运用XRD、BET、DRS及LRS光 谱测定等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并以光催化降解C2H4为模型反应考察了不同制备 方法对催化剂的光催化氧化反应性能的影响.研究结果表明,微波法制备的/TiO2催化剂的光 催化氧化性能得到明显改善,对乙烯转化率为80％,而混合加热法和常规加热法制备的样品乙 烯转化率分别为58％和41％.微波辐射制备的催化剂锐钛矿相含量高、比表面积大,光吸收阈 值增大;并且拉曼散射光谱向低波数方向移动,有助于增加光致电子的跃迁几率,提高多相光 催化过程的本征量子效率.     

氧化铈气凝胶担载的铜催化剂对氢气中一氧化碳选择氧化的催化性能

以超临界干燥法制备了氧化铈气凝胶,并以此为载体用浸渍法制备了铜催化剂.利用色谱流动反应法进行了活性测试,测试表明该催化剂对于富氢气氛中的CO选择性氧化具有较高的催化活性和较好的选择性,其中CuO的负载量为12.23% (质量分数)的催化剂对CO氧化的催化活性最高,且该催化剂在低空速下具有较好的抗H2O和抗CO2性能.     

Mo (CO)6‐assisted Pd‐supported magnetic graphene oxide‐catalyzed carbonylation‐cyclization as an efficient way for the synthesis of 4(3H)‐quinazolinones

In this paper, a novel catalyst is introduced based on the immobilization of palladium on modified magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles. The catalyst is characterized by several methods, including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, vibrating‐sample magnetometer, Fourier transform‐infrared and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The activity of the catalyst was investigated in the synthesis of 4(3H)‐quinazolinones via Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation‐cyclization of N‐(2‐bromoaryl) benzimidamides by Mo (CO)₆. The Mo (CO)₆ is used as a carbon monoxide source for performing the reaction under mild conditions. The catalyst showed good reusability, and no change in activity was observed after 10 cycles of recovery.     

Copper‐supported β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: Efficient multifunctional catalyst for one‐pot ‘green’ synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazolylquinazolinone derivatives

The green synthesis of 2‐(4‐((1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)oxy)phenyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives is reported. The catalyst for this synthesis is copper‐supported β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized magnetic silica–iron oxide nanoparticles ([Cu@BCD@SiO₂@SPION]). [Cu@BCD@SiO₂@SPION] simultaneously catalyses ‘click’ reaction, oxidation of C? N bond and multicomponent reaction. The desired 1,2,3‐triazolylquinazolinone product is easily obtained in water at room temperature under mild reaction conditions. Another advantage of the catalyst is its reusability. It can simply be isolated using an external magnet and reused in reactions with no significant decrease in catalyst efficiency. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used for exact characterization of the [Cu@BCD@SiO₂@SPION] catalyst.     

γ-Fe2O3固载Pd-靛红席夫碱配合物作为磁性可回收催化剂用于Heck和Suzuki交叉偶联反应（英文）

A Pd‐isatin Schiff base complex immobilized onγ‐Fe2O3 (Pd‐isatin Schiff base‐γ‐Fe2O3) was synthe‐sized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, high resolu‐tion transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric gravimetric analysis, inductively‐coupled plasma, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. It was used as a magnetically reusable Pd catalyst for the Heck and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions.     

Copper nanoparticles supported on 2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanone‐functionalized MCM‐41: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for one‐pot three‐component C–S coupling reaction of aryl halides with benzyl bromide and thiourea

An environmentally friendly copper‐based catalyst supported on 2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanone‐functionalized MCM‐41 was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared, transmission electron microscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma techniques. The catalyst was applied for the one‐pot three‐component C–S coupling reactions of aryl halides with benzyl bromide and thiourea under aerobic conditions to afford the corresponding coupled products in good yields in water. The catalyst could be recovered and recycled five times. These results prove 2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanone‐functionalized MCM‐41 supported Cu (II) complex was not leached during the reaction. Also it shows the correct heterogeneous nature of the catalyst.     

二氧化硅包覆NiFe_2O_4担载Preyssler杂多酸用于合成双(二氢嘧啶酮)苯和3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮（英文）

A novel magnetic acidic catalyst comprising Preyssler(H14[Na P5W30O110]) heteropoly acid support‐ed on silica coated nickel ferrite nanoparticles (Ni Fe2O4@Si O2) was prepared.The catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X‐ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectrum,VSM and particle size neasurement.Its catalytic activity was investigated for the synthesis of bis(dihydropyrimidinone)benzene and 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones derivatives by the Biginelli reaction.With the catalyst,the reac‐tions occurred in less than 1 h with good to excellent yields.More importantly,the catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnet and reused at least five times without degradation in the activity.     

Ag‐nanoparticle embedded p(AA) hydrogel as an efficient green heterogeneous Nano‐catalyst for oxidation and reduction of organic compounds

P(AA)‐Ag heterogeneous catalyst system comprised of Ag nanoparticles embedded within hydrogel matrices has been described for the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols and reduction of nitro phenols in water. P(AA)‐Ag nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP). Catalytic activity of p(AA)‐Ag catalyst was investigated in the aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols and reduction of nitro compounds by emphasizing the effect of different parameters such as temperature, catalyst amount, substituent effect, etc. The catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction medium and it could be re‐used for other three runs without significant loss of activity.     

Chitosan‐Silica Sulfate Nano Hybrid as a Novel and Highly Proficient Heterogeneous Nano Catalyst for Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides via Carboxylic Acids

The synthesis and characterization of chitosan‐silica sulfate nano hybrid (CSSNH ) as a novel and efficient heterogeneous nano catalyst involving acid‐base bifunctional activity is described. The catalytic potency and activity of this eco‐friendly catalyst was investigated in regioselective ring opening of epoxides with carboxylic acids to access structurally diverse 1,2‐diol mono‐esters in good to excellent yields. CSSNH catalyst was characterized using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques encompassing scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption isotherm, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The green nature, cheapness, efficiency, ease of preparation, handling and reusability of this new catalyst makes this catalyst to be useful for green industrial processes.     

Surfactant‐directed one‐pot preparation of novel Ti‐containing mesomaterial with improved catalytic activity and reusability

Titanium was incorporated in ionic liquid based periodic mesoporous organosilica to prepare a nanostructured catalyst (Ti@PMO‐IL) with high activity. Procedure for the synthesis of Ti@PMO‐IL was followed according the simultaneous hydrolysis and condensation of alkylimidazolium ionic liquid, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT) where a surfactant template was used together with a simple acid‐based catalytic aproach. N₂ adsorption isotherm of the Ti@PMO‐IL was studied to measure its mean pore volume, pore size distribution and specific surface area. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical bonds present in Ti@PMO‐IL. The morphology of this nanomaterial was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image was used to study mesoporosity and structure order of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of Ti@PMO‐IL was then studied and found to be efficient and reusable to catalyze Hantzsch reaction.     

Magnetic‐based picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex for the one‐pot synthesis of hexahydroquinolines via Hantzsch four‐component reactions

A picolinaldehyde–melamine copper complex was loaded on a magnetic Fe₃O₄ core, so that it contained 0.33 mmol of Cu per gram, and was used as an efficient catalyst. The as‐synthesized catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalyst was used to activate the raw materials in the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives in one‐pot four‐component reactions. Low reaction time (minutes versus half an hour), solvent‐free condition and magnetically separable catalyst are some salient features of the developed catalyst. Also, the optimum amount of catalyst and temperature were determined as 0.07 g and 87.6 °C, respectively, which were obtained using response surface methodology and optimization techniques.     

Synthesis of novel pyrazole‐based triazolidin‐3‐one derivatives by using ZnO/ZrO2 as a reusable catalyst under green conditions

An efficient approach for the synthesis of 10 novel pyrazole‐based 1,2,4‐triazolidin‐3‐one derivatives catalyzed by ZnO‐loaded ZrO₂ as heterogeneous catalyst with ethanol as solvent is described. The structure of the mixed metal oxide catalyst was characterized by various instrumental techniques (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). In smooth reactions, products were accomplished in excellent yields (90–94%) with short reaction times (≈ 45 min). ZnO/ZrO₂ catalyst exhibited good recyclability. The catalyst is reused six times without any noticeable loss of activity. The major advantages of this method are operational simplicity, mild conditions, simple work‐up procedure and broad functional group tolerance.