Spontaneous emission from a Λ three-level atom in an anisotropic photonic crystal

The spontaneous emission properties of a Λ type atom embedded in a three-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystal are investigated. Only one of the two atomic transition frequencies is considered near the photonic band edge. The atomic decay properties such as the time-evolution of the excited-state population and the instant and effective decay rates are studied in detail. It is found that there exists a wide region for the difference of the transition frequency from the band edge, in which only diffusion fields with frequencies being near or far away from the band edge appear in the emitted field. The spontaneous emitted field and its spectrum depend not only on the detuning of the transition frequency from the band edge, but also on the distance from the atom. Therefore, during the propagating process, the propagating field is partially transferred into the diffusion field.     

周期或准周期超晶格薄膜表面吸附原子的自发辐射性质

本文把由库理论和耗散系统量子化方法所求得的表面修饰的光学布洛赫方程,同麦克斯韦方程自洽地相结合,求得周期或准周期超晶格薄膜表面吸附原子的自发辐射寿命和频移,讨论了构成该薄膜各层的厚度和介电性质及总层数对上述自发辐射性质的影响。同时,把周期性情况和准周期情况分别求得的结果进行了比较。 关键词：     

Photon vacuum renormalization and spontaneous decay of an excited atom near a carbon nanotube

A theory of the spontaneous decay process of an excited atom placed inside or outside (near the surface) of a carbon nanotube has been developed. Numerical calculations of the atomic spontaneous decay enhancement factor have been performed for various achiral nanotubes. The effect of the nanotube surface has been demonstrated to dramatically increase the spontaneous decay rate—by 6–7 orders of magnitude—compared with that of the same atom in a vacuum. Such an increase is associated with nonradiative decay via surface excitations in the nanotube. Possible applications of the predicted effect are discussed.     

Dynamically irreversible channels of population transfer in coherently driven Λ systems

Dynamically induced irreversibility is found to take place in coherently driven Λ systems in which there is no conventional source of irreversible population pumping. When the rates of spontaneous emission from the excited state to two metastable states are equal, the dynamically induced irreversibility leads to population inversion of 0.07. When two atomic decay rates are not near to each other, a maximum population inversion of 0.4 is achieved. The maximum population inversion requires atom-field detunings of the opposite signs, as well as both strong coupling of the atom to coherent fields and a disparity in the atomic decay rates. On the other hand, even in cases where two detunings have the same sign, it is possible to obtain population inversion.     

高斯分布圆口径天线辐射近场分析

采用口径场法对具有高斯幅度分布的圆口径天线辐射近场进行了分析。推导了非聚焦和聚焦2种工作方式下圆口径天线轴向近场和增益的解析表达式;采用数值积分方法分析了圆口径天线非轴向近场分布特性。分析表明,对于高斯幅度分布的圆口径天线,天线轴向场在近区为振荡分布,其近场增益与口径面分布和观测点位置有关,通过聚焦可以使近场焦点处增益达到远场增益,大大提高焦点及焦点附近区域的电场幅度。     

B重子半轻子衰变的对称性

在无粲B重子非轻子衰变研讨基础上,进一步探讨了B重子三体和四体半轻子衰变的SU(3)f对称性,得到一系列可能衰变道衰变几率的对称关系.期待即将进行的高能实验来检验这些关系,从而验证标准模型的适用性或是否存在超标准模型的新物理信息.     

Controllable Kerr Nonlinearity with Perfect Transparency in the Existence of Spontaneously Generated Coherence

We investigate the Kerr nonlinearity of a V-type three-level atomic system where the upper two states decay outside to another state and hence spontaneous generated coherence may exist. It is shown that dark state and hence perfect transparency present under certain conditions. Meanwhile, the Kerr nonlinearity can be controlled by manipulation of the decay rates and the splitting of the two excited states. Therefore, enhanced Kerr nonlinearity without absorption can be obtained under proper parameters.     

左手性材料对V形三能级原子光谱的影响

本文研究了左手性材料板附近V形三能级原子的动力学演化及辐射光谱特性. 主要考虑了从两上能级向下能级跃迁的电偶极矩相互垂直的情形, 探讨了原子初始状态对辐射光谱的影响. 研究结果表明, 左手材料的反聚焦和相位补偿效应所引发的间接量子干涉, 导致两上能级的原子布居数相互影响, 原子在上能级的寿命明显增长或缩短, 并造成了谱线变窄或展宽.     

锗等离子体远紫外光谱研究

测量了线聚焦激光加热锗等离子体发射的远紫外光谱，对ＧｅＸＸ－ＧｅＸＸＶＩ谱线进行了辨认和分类。给出了谱线波长和相对强度；计算了辐射跃迁概率和吸收振子强度；并；与其他实验室有关结果进行了比较。 关键词：     

Large enhancement of spontaneous emission rates of InAs quantum dots in GaAs microdisks

We have studied the enhancement of spontaneous emission rates for InAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs microdisks in a time-resolved photoluminescence experiment. Inhomogeneous broadening of the quantum dot energy levels and random spatial distribution of the quantum dots in a microdisk lead to a broad distribution of the spontaneous emission rates. Using a nonnegative least-norm algorithm, we extract the distribution of spontaneous emission rates from the temporal decay of emission intensity. The maximum spontaneous emission enhancement factor exceeds 10.     

Control scheme for two photon ionization of condensate atoms

The efficient photoionization of a Bose-Einstein condensate requires the creation of ions with the smallest possible transfer of atoms from the condensate into the thermal phase. The spontaneous decay from excited states into atomic states with momentum different from the initial one should be reduced. We investigate theoretically two-photon ionization of a rubidium condensate using near resonant excitation to the 6P state and second photon at 421 or 1002 nm into the continuum. Different ionization schemes with coherent control of the first excitation and reduction of the spontaneous decay are presented.     

Linear and Nonlinear Wavetransformation and Absorption in the Inhomogeneous Plasma Capacitor

The parametric decay process in inhomogeneous layers existing near the plasma boundaries or in front of antennas and probes in a plasma has been investigated. The linear enhancement of the pump field near ω = ω_p, the threshold fieldstrength, the wavenumber selection rules and the influence of spontaneous low frequency fluctuations are discussed in detail using a one-dimensional model of the inhomogeneous plasma capacitor. According to this model the instabilities appear in the layers with maximum linear transformation and (linear) absorption. In addition, a strong nonlinear part of absorption in the presence of the instability has been observed. The level of the spontaneous low frequency fluctuations influences strongly the spectrum of the parametrically excited ion waves. The experiments show a redistribution of the transferred ion acoustic wave energy over the whole wave continuum up to ω_pi, if a sufficient strong spontaneous fluctuation level exists in the plasma. It is impossible, however, to excite ion acoustic turbulence by the decay of the high frequency pump field under the present conditions. The conditions for the linear field enhancement are disturbed by the action of the ponderomotive forces changing the density profile near the critical point before reaching the strong pump amplitude being necessary for the excitation of a cascade of decay processes.     

Spontaneous radiation of a chiral molecule located near a half-space of a bi-isotropic material

Analytical expressions for the rate of spontaneous emission from a chiral (optically active) molecule located near a half-space occupied by a chiral (bi-isotropic) material have been obtained and analyzed in detail. It is established that the rates of spontaneous emission from the “right” and “left” enantiomers of molecules occurring near the chiral medium may significantly differ in cases of chiral materials with (i) both negative dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability (DNG metamaterial) and (ii) negative permeability and positive permittivity (MNG metamaterial). Based on this phenomenon, DMG and MNG metamaterials can be used to create devices capable of separating right and left enantiomers in racemic mixtures.     

On the photoacoustic determination of nonradiative decay rates in some ion doped solids

A new photoacoustic method for obtaining nonradiative decay rates in ion doped solids with a simple de-excitation scheme is theoretically investigated. From the theory developed, a relation between the amplitude ratio of the first and second harmonics of the photoacoustic signal and the spontaneous decay rate is predicted.     

Global Existence and Decay Rates of the Solutions Near Maxwellian for Non-linear Fokker–Planck Equations

In this paper, we study the global existence and decay rates of the solutions near Maxwellian for non-linear Fokker–Planck equations in the whole space. The global existence is proved by combining uniform-in-time energy estimates with local solution constructed by Picard type iteration sequence. The decay rates of the nonlinear model is obtained by using the precise spectral analysis of the linearized Fokker–Planck operator as well as the energy method. The nonlinearity in the model brings new difficulty to the energy estimates, which is resolved by additional tailored weighted-in-v energy estimates suitable for Fokker–Planck operators.     

Parametric excitation of magnetic electron drift vortex modes by Langmuir waves

A new multi-dimensional parametric interaction coupling Langmuir waves with magnetic electron drift vortex modes is presented. A general dispersion relation for the parametric instabilities is derived, and the growth rates of the decay and modulational instabilities are obtained. The present instabilities can be the source of large-scale magnetic fields near the critical surface of a laser-produced plasma.     

Spontaneous decay rates of the hyperfine structure atomic states into an optical nanofiber

Spontaneous decay rates of atoms into guided modes of an optical nanofiber are found for atomic transitions between the hyperfine structure sublevels. The decay rates are evaluated for the hyperfine structure transitions in Rb atoms. The efficiency of the guided mode excitation by spontaneous decay of the specific hyperfine atomic states is examined for both the fundamental fiber mode HE₁₁ and the higher-order modes TE₀₁, TM₀₁, and HE₂₁.     

Predicting Atomic Decay Rates Using an Informational-Entropic Approach

We show that a newly proposed Shannon-like entropic measure of shape complexity applicable to spatially-localized or periodic mathematical functions known as configurational entropy (CE) can be used as a predictor of spontaneous decay rates for one-electron atoms. The CE is constructed from the Fourier transform of the atomic probability density. For the hydrogen atom with degenerate states labeled with the principal quantum number n, we obtain a scaling law relating the n-averaged decay rates to the respective CE. The scaling law allows us to predict the n-averaged decay rate without relying on the traditional computation of dipole matrix elements. We tested the predictive power of our approach up to n =?20, obtaining an accuracy better than 3.7% within our numerical precision, as compared to spontaneous decay tables listed in the literature.     

Luminescent Properties of Activated Nanocomposites Based on Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Physics of the Solid State - Formulas for the rates of spontaneous radiative decay of excitation of luminescent centers located in subwavelength spherical core–shell nanoparticles and in the...     

基于单边傅里叶变换的非马尔科夫自发辐射研究

基于单边傅里叶变换,本文提出一种研究辐射子的自发衰减动力学演化的普适方法.利用该方法研究了辐射子处于均匀介质、理想微腔和泄露微腔中的自发辐射动力学演化问题,最后并把这种方法用于处理光子带隙材料中的辐射动力学演化问题.结果表明:辐射子的自发辐射动力学特性由局域态密度决定,可以通过调控辐射子周围的局域态密度来调控辐射子的自发辐射特性,为实现新型的光电子器件提供了理论基础.该方法不仅适用于马尔科夫热库的情况也适用于非马尔科夫热库的情况.