RF arbitrary waveform generation using tunable planar lightwave circuits

We demonstrate photonically-assisted generation of RF arbitrary waveforms using planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) fabricated on silica-on-silicon. We exploit thermo-optic effects in silica in order to tune the response of the PLC and hence reconfigure the generated waveform. We demonstrate the generation of pulse trains at 40 GHz and 80 GHz with flat-top, Gaussian, and apodized profiles. These results demonstrate the potential for RF arbitrary waveform generation using chip-scale photonic solutions.     

Curvature sensor based on a pressure-induced birefringence single mode fiber loop mirror

An optical fiber curvature sensor based on a pressure-induced birefringence singlemode fiber loop mirror is presented. The birefringer SMF is made by applying a transverse force against a short length of singlemode fiber. The length of the sensing element for the curvature sensing is about 150 mm. The sensitivity of the curvature measurement experimentally is 0.0263 m⁻¹/pm. And the temperature effect of the proposed sensor is also analyzed. Comparing with the sensor of photonic crystal fiber, it is more convenient and simply.     

Optically controlled loop buffer using a SOA loop mirror and a circulator based reflector

In this paper, an optically controlled loop buffer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It utilizes a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based loop mirror as a fast switch to realize the writing and reading of packets within this buffer and a circulator based optical reflector to achieve internal re-circulations. By adding fibers with different lengths between the loop mirror and the circulator, variable delay time per circulations can be obtained. We also demonstrate the performance of the 2.5 and 10 Gb/s data packets in this buffer structure, as well as the influence of the two different control signal formats on the packet signal degradation during buffering. This loop buffer has the merits of low cost and improved performance compared to other similar loop buffer structures. According to the obtained results, the achieved number of circulations is greatly increased.     

Reflectivity characteristics of the fiber loop mirror with a polarization controller

In this paper, reflectivity characteristics of a fiber loop mirror (FLM), which is formed by inserting a fiber polarization controller (PC) into the fiber loop of an ordinary FLM, are investigated in detail. A theoretical model for determining the reflectivity characteristics of the FLM is present by using the equivalent optical path technique, and the reflectivity characteristics of the FLM are then simulated with the model. The simulation results show that, when the FLM is based on a 3 dB optical coupler (OC), the reflectivity of the FLM may be continuously adjusted to any value between 1 and 0 by changing the PC state, i.e. by either changing the fast axis orientation or the birefringence intensity of the PC alone, as well as both of them; the reflectivity spectra of the FLM are wide and flattened for any PC state, mainly limited by the operating bandwidth of the OC used. The reflectivity characteristics of the FLM are further tested experimentally. The results verify that the reflectivity of the FLM may truly be continuously adjusted between its maximum and minimum values by changing the PC state. The obtainable maximum and minimum reflectivities of the FLM are measured to be 93% and 2%, respectively. Moreover, the experimental results are in agreement with those of the simulations.     

Temperature-sensitive dual-segment polarization maintaining fiber Sagnac loop mirror

A new temperature-sensitive fiber Sagnac loop mirror (FLM) is proposed using two segments of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). The proposed dual-segment FLM provides greater temperature sensitivity in the spectral spacing detuning compared to the conventional single-segment configuration. Besides, the proposed configuration also enables both efficient positive and negative spectral spacing detuning by rising the temperature of one of the PMF segments. The experimental results show that the proposed configuration has achieved a great improvement in increasing spectral spacing variation range by 6.6 times and an increment of temperature sensitivity as much as 337.6% as compared to the conventional configuration.     

非线性光纤环镜在受激布里渊散射慢光级联系统中的可行性研究

基于非线性光纤环镜(NOLM)的脉冲压缩特性,分析了NOLM在基于受激布里渊散射(SBS)慢光级联系统中对延迟脉冲的影响.利用环形结构来模拟多次级联,有效地降低了系统的复杂度,得到了在不同抽运光功率和级联次数下脉冲的延迟输出特性.理论分析表明,NOLM可以有效地抑制SBS慢光级联系统中延迟脉冲的展宽,抽运光功率决定了展宽因子的变化趋势及最终稳定值的大小,展宽因子在级联4次时趋于稳定值,恰当选取抽运光功率可实现脉冲的零展宽延迟;改变抽运光功率和级联次数可以实现延迟量的连续可调,且延迟量理论上不受限制;增大抽 关键词： 慢光 脉冲压缩 非线性光纤环镜 受激布里渊散射     

Three methods for improving an axial strain sensitivity of polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror

Sensitivity is one of the important performances for sensor. Theoretical results show that we can choose a long wavelength monitoring point, a high strain dependent birefringence coefficient polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and a low birefringence PMF to improve the axial strain sensitivity of PMF loop mirror, and experimental results show that the axial strain sensitivity has respectively been improved by 8.06, 30.73, and 22.26% by these methods. The advantage of these methods is to improve the axial strain sensitivity without increasing system complexity. These results help to improve the temperature, displacement, torsion, curvature and liquid level sensitivities of PMF loop mirror. These results can also be applied in photonic crystal fiber loop mirror.     

Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser employing a nonlinear optical loop mirror

A stable and broad bandwidth multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated successfully. A nonlinear optical loop mirror which induces wavelength-dependent cavity loss and behaves as an amplitude equalizer is employed to ensure stable room-temperature multiwavelength operation. Up to 50 wavelengths lasing oscillations with wavelength spacing of 0.8 nm within a 3-dB spectral range of 1562-1605 nm has been achieved. The measured power fluctuation of each wavelength is about 0.1 dB within a 2-h period.     

Simultaneous strain and temperature measurement using a highly birefringence fiber loop mirror and a long-period grating written in a photonic crystal fiber

We present a new design for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement using a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror (HiBi-FLM) concatenated with a temperature-insensitive long-period grating (LPG) written in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The FLM acts as a sensor head, while the LPG in PCF serves as a filter to convert wavelength variation to optical power change. By measuring the wavelength variation and the power difference of two near peaks in the spectral response of this configuration, simultaneous strain and temperature measurement is obtained.     

多偏振控制高双折射光纤环形镜输出特性的理论和实验研究

针对光纤环形镜(FLM)在单偏振控制下波长间隔不可调等缺点,对多偏振控制FLM的输出特性进行了理论和实验研究. 用Jones矩阵法分析了单偏振、双偏振和三偏振控制FLM的透射谱,研究发现: 相比单偏振控制FLM,多偏振控制FLM具有波长间隔可调和边频抑制等特性;透射谱的偏振可调性随偏振控制级数的增加而增强,实验结果与理论研究一致. 实验中利用双偏振控制FLM作为波长选择的光纤激光器输出激光的边模抑制比较采用单偏振控制FLM时提高了近5 dB. 关键词： 光纤光学 光纤环形镜 偏振控制 边频抑制     

非线性光纤环形镜的脉冲透过特性研究

研究了光纤反常色散区非线性环形镜（NOLM）的脉冲透过特性，得到NOLM周期性透过率函数 第一极大值处透过率、压缩比和对应的孤子阶数与环长之间的函数关系图.通过比较长环和 短环NOLM对无啁啾、啁啾脉冲的透过率和压缩比特性，得出了长环有利于脉冲整形而短环有 利于脉冲压缩的结论. 关键词： 非线性环形镜 透过率 压缩比 孤子阶数     

利用偏振控制器连续调节光纤环镜的反射率

研究了一种新型光纤环镜(FLM)的原理与特性，这种FLM由在普通光纤环镜中插入光纤型偏振控制器(PC)构成.通过等效光路分析建立了该FLM的理论模型，并对其反射特性进行了数值模拟.研究表明，通过改变PC的状态，即改变其双折射效应的快轴取向或强度，可连续调节FLM的反射率，反射率谱具有宽带特性，主要受光纤耦合器工作带宽的影响.此外，对FLM的反射特性还进行了实验研究.实验结果也证实，通过调节PC状态，FLM反射率可在其最大和最小值之间连续调节，实验测得FLM最大和最小反射率分别可达93%和2%.根据PC双折 关键词： 光纤环镜 偏振控制器 光纤耦合器 反射率     

监测点波长对高双折射光纤环镜轴向应变灵敏度的影响

研究了高双折射光纤环镜监测点波长对轴向应变灵敏度的影响. 经理论推导得出高双折射光纤环镜轴向应变灵敏度公式. 结果表明: 当高双折射光纤材料选定后, 灵敏度随着监测点波长的增大而增大; 当监测点选定后, 监测点的灵敏度为常数, 波长变化与应变成线性关系. 实验选取不同波长的波峰进行应变灵敏度监测, 对各监测点进行数据拟合, 实验结果与理论分析一致. 研究结果对提高高双折射光纤环镜应变、温度等灵敏度具有指导意义. 关键词： 波长 灵敏度 监测点 高双折射光纤环镜     

Wideband wavelength tunable fiber ring laser with flattened output power spectrum

A wavelength tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser with flattened output power spectrum over a broadband is proposed and demonstrated. The power flattening is achieved using a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror, in which a number of high-birefringence fiber sections and polarization controllers are used to get a reflection spectrum that can compensate for the output power spectrum. The wavelength tuning is realized by compressing or stretching the FBGs in the laser cavity. A 1×3 switchable fiber Bragg grating array is incorporated into the fiber ring to get a wideband tuning range of 38 nm, from 1527 to 1565 nm. Within this range, the output power uniformity is controlled within ±0.8 dB. The total output power is about 4 dBm, the 3-dB linewidth is 0.01 nm, and the side mode suppression ratio is more than 48 dB.     

基于高双折射光子晶体光纤环镜的全光纤平顶梳状滤波器

A novel all-fibre flat-top comb filter based on a high birefringence photonic crystal fibre loop mirror is proposed and demonstrated. We simulate theoretically its output spectra and experimentally realize a flat-top output with a high extinction ratio. Compared to filters consisting of the conventional Panda polarization main- taining fibre, filters based on a high birefringence photonic crystal fibre loop mirror have better temperature stability. This kind of filter can be expected to be used widely in Wavelength-division-multiplexing（WDM） systems in the future.     

通过外加应变于高双折射环镜实现掺铒光纤激光器的输出功率控制

本文提出一种基于外加应力于高双折射环镜的输出功率可调控的掺铒光纤激光器新颖结构。通过将高双折射光纤环镜中的部分双折射光纤粘贴于一个等强度梁的中性面上，在梁尾端作用不同的应力，由于双折射光纤的长度和双折射的改变可使环镜的反射率从0.8%变化到100%。以该环镜作为线形腔光纤激光器的输出腔镜，实现了动态范围达33dB的输出功率可调控的掺铒光纤激光器。该激光器不仅具有结构简单、成本低廉的优点，而且利用该机理可以很容易的找出最优腔镜反射率，从而使线形腔光纤激光器的输出性能实现最优化。     

基于非线性光纤环形镜的少模脉冲幅度调制再生器

随着网络带宽需求的快速增加,波分复用系统的容量已接近非线性香农极限.为了适应未来网络的发展,空分复用技术引起了越来越多的关注.本文首次提出基于少模非线性光纤环形镜(FM-NOLM)的脉冲幅度调制(PAM)全光再生器,描述了其工作原理和具体设计过程.采用COMSOL软件对组成FM-NOLM的硫化物高非线性光纤进行了模式特性仿真.以LP01,LP11,LP21三个光纤模式为例,确定了再生器的参数,计算出每个模式的功率转移函数曲线.仿真分析了该少模PAM-4全光再生器的噪声抑制(NRR)性能,并与单模情形进行了比较.研究表明,1)对于每个空间模式的PAM信号,所有再生电平具有一致的功率转移性能;2)当输入信噪比(SNR)约大于20 dB时,三种模式的噪声抑制比均可超过3 dB,并随着输入信噪比线性增加,其斜率约为1.2;3)在相同输入SNR条件下,三种模式的噪声抑制比相差不大,不超过1.1 dB.为了说明再生器的再生性能,当输入SNR为25 dB时,我们还给出了再生前后PAM-4信号的功率分布直方图.与现有的再生方案相比,本文方案的均匀多电平再生转移性能,使其更适合高频谱效率的长距空分复用系统和任意电平数的PAM信号再生.此外,该方案也能够扩展到波长域,有效提高光通信系统的传输容量.     

On-chip optical pulse shaper for arbitrary waveform generation

We propose and demonstrate a silicon-on-insulator(SOI) on-chip optical pulse shaper based on four-tap finite impulse response. Due to different width designs in phase region of each tap, the phase differences for all taps are controlled by an external thermal source, resulting in an optical pulse shaper. We further demonstrate optical arbitrary waveform generation based on the optical pulse shaper assisted by an optical frequency comb injection. Four different optical waveforms are generated when setting the central wavelengths at 1533.78 nm and 1547.1 nm and setting the thermal source temperatures at 23℃ and 33℃, respectively. Our scheme has distinct advantages of compactness, capability for integrating with electronics since the integrated silicon waveguide is employed.     

Optical pulse shaper with integrated slab waveguide for arbitrary waveform generation using optical gradient force

Integrated optical pulse shaper opens up possibilities for realizing the ultra high-speed and ultra wide-band linear signal processing with compact size and low power consumption. We propose a silicon monolithic integrated optical pulse shaper using optical gradient force, which is based on the eight-path finite impulse response. A cantilever structure is fabricated in one arm of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer（MZI） to act as an amplitude modulator. The phase shift feature of waveguide is analyzed with the optical pump power, and five typical waveforms are demonstrated with the manipulation of optical force. Unlike other pulse shaper schemes based on thermo–optic effect or electro–optic effect, our scheme is based on a new degree of freedom manipulation, i.e., optical force, so no microelectrodes are required on the silicon chip,which can reduce the complexity of fabrication. Besides, the chip structure is suitable for commercial silicon on an insulator（SOI） wafer, which has a top silicon layer of about 220 nm in thickness.     

Tunable subnanosecond laser pulse generation using an active mirror concept

We report (theory, experimental check) an improved approach for generation of a tunable, subnanosecond pulse (0.1–0.4 ns), based on a single pulsation (“spike”) separation from the transient oscillations in a dye laser with active mirror (AMIR). A pumping by 20–50 ns pulses from Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is considered. The separation is in original, two-spectral selective channels cavity, where the forced by AMIR quenched generation at one of the wavelength stops initially started spiking generation at the other wavelength after the first spike development. The AMIR quickly starts the quenching generation at a precisely controlled moment and with necessary intensity thus assuring the desired separation. An advantage is a high reproducibility of the separation for high (~250%) pump power fluctuations combined with tuning in large range (~20 nm). To obtain such an operation we form ~1 ns leading front pump pulse by electrooptical temporal cutting of the input pump pulse and use an optical delay line. This increases also a few times the power in the separated spike (to be ~100 kW). Our approach widens the combinations of lasers for effective applications of spike separation technique (dye lasers excited by Q-switched solid-state or Cu-vapor lasers).