Factorization in high energy hadron collisions

The concept of factorization is discussed for elastic diffraction scattering and diffraction dissociation of hadrons at high energy. In addition to the usual definition in terms of the t-channel, a natural definition of factorization in the s-channel is proposed and compared with the former. It is shown that s-channel factorization of all diffractive processes is consistent with the assumption that elastic scattering is identical to the shadow of the diffraction dissociation processes.     

Short-range correlations in high-energy hadron collisions

High-energy collisions of hadrons on nuclei are studied by means of Glauber multiple scattering theory, using Jastrow correlated wave functions. To this end a cluster expansion is derived, and its convergence properties are studied. Calculations have been carried out for ⁴He and ¹⁶O nuclei, and they are compared with experimental data.     

Negative binomial multiplicity distributions in high energy hadron collisions

We examine the 2⁺⁺ gluonium spectrum in the framework of the Gauss-Weierstrass and Finite Energy QCD sum rules. The results of our analysis support the interpretation of the θ(1710) as a tensor glueball, but they also suggest the existence of at least another state with a massM?2 GeV and a width of about 200 MeV.     

Thermal hadron production in high energy heavy ion collisions

We provide a method to test if hadrons produced in high energy heavy ion collisions were emitted at freeze-out from an equilibrium hadron gas. Our considerations are based on an ideal gas at fixed temperatureT _f , baryon number densityn _B , and vanishing total strangeness. The constituents of this gas are all hadron resonances up to a mass of 2 GeV; they are taken to decay according to the experimentally observed branching ratios. The ratios of the various resulting hadron production rates are tabulated as functions ofT _f andn _B . These tables can be used for the equilibration analysis of any heavy ion data; we illustrate this for some specific cases.     

Structure of two-body correlations in high energy hadron production

Experimental information on diffraction is used to estimate long range effects in multiparticle production. Diffractively produced secondaries are found to produce a plateau in the central region. Diffraction accounts for 30% of the observed correlations and the remainder, consistent with being short range, corresponds to a cluster size of 2.4 charged particles.     

Long range correlations in high multiplicity hadron collisions: Building bridges with ridges

We discuss the physics of the ridge–azimuthally collimated long range rapidity correlations–in high multiplicity proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions. We outline some of the theoretical discussions in the literature that address the systematics of these ridge correlations.     

Study of neutral-charged particle correlations in high energy collisions

Recent experiments at Serpukhov, NAL, and CERN indicate a strong correlation between neutral and charged pions produced in high energy collisions, in contrast to the trend shown by data at lower energies. This study of the energy and charge dependence of these correlations indicates that they do not depend upon the initial state particles and that they are in reasonable agreement with the critical fluid gas model. These high energy correlation data are also studied in terms of a semi-inclusive Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling relation.     

Meson production and Bose-Einstein pion correlations in high energy collisions

The pion Bose-Einstein correlation parameters determined by OPAL show a weak dependence on pion multiplicity. We argue that the observed increase of the interaction radius, and the decrease of the chaoticity parameter could be due to an increasing fraction of other mesons at high multiplicities.     

Limiting fragmentation in hadron–hadron collisions at high energies

Limiting fragmentation in proton–proton, deuteron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions is analyzed in the framework of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation in high energy QCD. Good agreement with experimental data is obtained for a wide range of energies. Further detailed tests of limiting fragmentation at RHIC and the LHC will provide insight into the evolution equations for high energy QCD.     

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy are described by a simple formula. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data of carbon and oxygen induced interactions at Dubna energy. The comparison between the calculated results and experimental data shows that particles are emitted isotropically in the rest frame of the emission sources, and the emission sources have movements in momentum space.     

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy are described by a simple formula.The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data of carbon and oxygen induced interactions at Dubna energy.The comparison between the calculated results and experimental data shows that particles are emitted isotropically in the rest frame of the emission sources,and the emission sources have movements in momentum space.     

Charge distributions and correlations in fragmentation models for soft hadron collisions

Theλφ ⁴ theory in 3+1 dimensions is often claimed to be trivial; that is, either free or inconsistent. Here, the theory is studied in a simple variational approach, which confirms that for any positiveλ _Bare the theory is indeed sick. However, proper renormalization actually requiresλ _Bare to be negative infinitesimal. This apparently leads to a viable, non-trivial theory.     

Photon + hadron production in high energy deuteron (proton)–nucleus collisions

We apply the color glass condensate formalism to photon + hadron production cross section in high energy deuteron (proton)–gold collisions at RHIC. We investigate the dependence of the production cross section on the angle between the produced hadron and photon for various rapidities and transverse momenta. It is shown that the angular correlation between the produced hadron and photon is a sensitive probe of the saturation dynamics.     

Angular pattern of minijet transverse energy flow in hadron and nuclear collisions

The azimuthal asymmetry of a minijet system produced at the early stage of nucleon–nucleon and nuclear collisions in a central rapidity window is studied. We show that in pp collisions the minijet transverse energy production in a central rapidity window is essentially unbalanced in the azimuth due to asymmetric contributions in which only one minijet hits the acceptance window. We further study the angular pattern of the transverse energy flow generated by the semihard degrees of freedom at the early stage of high energy nuclear collisions and its dependence on the number of semihard collisions in the models both including and neglecting soft contributions to the inelastic cross section at RHIC and LHC energies as well as on the choice of the infrared cutoff. Received: 19 January 1999 / Revised version: 18 February 2000 / Published online: 26 July 2000     

Angular pattern of minijet transverse energy flow in hadron and nuclear collisions

bstract The azimuthal asymmetry of a minijet system produced at the early stage of nucleon-nucleon and nuclear collisions in a central rapidity window is studied. We show that, in pp collisions, the minijet-transverse-energy production in a central rapidity window is essentially unbalanced in azimuth because of asymmetric contributions in which only one minijet hits the acceptance window. We further study the angular pattern of the transverse-energy flow generated by semihard degrees of freedom at the early stage of high-energy nuclear collisions and its dependence on the number of semihard collisions in the models either including or neglecting soft contributions to the inelastic cross section at RHIC and LHC energies, as well as on the choice of infrared cutoff. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 65, No. 5, 2002, pp. 918–929. Original English Text Copyright ? 2002 by Leonidov, Ostrovsky. This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Measuring shear viscosity using transverse momentum correlations in relativistic nuclear collisions

Elliptic flow measurements at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider suggest that quark-gluon fluid flows with very little viscosity compared to weak-coupling expectations, challenging theorists to explain why this fluid is so nearly "perfect." It is therefore vital to find quantitative experimental information on the viscosity of the fluid. We propose that measurements of transverse momentum fluctuations can be used to determine the shear viscosity. We use current data to estimate the viscosity-to-entropy ratio in the range from 0.08 to 0.3 and discuss how future measurements can reduce this uncertainty.     

Phase space dependence of the correlations among particles produced in high energy nuclear collisions

The fluctuations of produced particles are investigated in central collisions of proton, oxygen and sulphur projectiles with (Ag,Br) target nuclei at 200 GeV per nucleon. The analysis is carried out in terms of factorial moments and correlation integrals in different pseudorapidity regions. Evidence is found for nonstatistical fluctuations. These fluctuations depend weakly on the phase space, although a slightly stronger effect is seen in the forward pseudorapidity region. The dependence of the observed effect on the mass of the projectile particle disagrees with the expectations of superposition models. The results of this analysis indicate that a self-similar cascade process is the origin of the fluctuations, even though the association of the observed effect with the occurence of a second order phase transition cannot be definitely ruled out.     

Multi-jet production in hadron collisions

The advent of high-energy hadron colliders necessitates efficient and accurate computation of multi-jet production processes, both as QCD processes in their own right and as backgrounds for other physics. The algorithm that performs these tasks and a brief numerical study of multi-jet processes are presented. Received: 21 February 2002 / Published online: 22 May 2002