Complete entanglement transfer between light and qubits

Using the two-mode two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model, entanglement transfer between atoms and field is studied. It is found that when the field is in state constructed from the two-mode photon number states |00〉,|11〉 or the two-mode squeezed vacuum states, full entanglement exchange can be attained no matter the atoms are initially in pure or mixed states. These investigations show that CV entangled states can act as perfectly as the entangled number states in entangling initially separable atoms. The two-mode two-photon atom-field interaction also provides a simple way for the quantum teleportation of atomic or field states.     

Two-photon spectral coherence matrix and characterization of multi-parameter entangled states

In this Letter we discuss how the classical coherence matrix can be generalized to describe the quantum properties of broadband two-photon entangled states. Procedures for experimental evaluation of two-photon matrix elements have been outlined. We illustrate how this formalism can be used for characterization of multi-parameter optical entanglement and discuss its possible applications in quantum optical measurement and quantum coherent control.     

Dense Coding with Multi-Atom Entanglement Channel in Cavity QED

Dense coding of multi-atom entangled states in cavity QED is studied. If the quantum channel is generalized GHZ states, dense coding can be directly realized in a simply way. As for the partially entangled pure states, we propose a feasible protocol for entanglement concentration, and the emciency of information transmitted is calculated. The schemes are insensitive to the cavity decay and the field state, due to the fact that the interaction here is a large-detuned one between atoms and the cavity.     

Variance squeezing and information entropy squeezing via Bloch coherent states in two-level nonlinear spin models

The nonclassical squeezing effect emerging from a nonlinear coupling model (generalized Jaynes–Cummings model) of a two-level atom interacting resonantly with a bimodal cavity field via two-photon transitions is investigated in the rotating wave approximation. Various Bloch coherent initial states (rotated states) for the atomic system are assumed, i.e., (i) ground state, (ii) excited state, and (iii) linear superposition of both states. Initially, the atomic system and the field are in a disentangled state, where the field modes are in Glauber coherent states via Poisson distribution. The model is numerically tested against simulations of time evolution of the based Heisenberg uncertainty relation variance and Shannon information entropy squeezing factors. The quantum state purity is computed for the three possible initial states and used as a criterion to get information about the entanglement of the components of the system. Analytical expression of the total density operator matrix elements at t > 0 shows, in fact, the present nonlinear model to be strongly entangled, where each of the definite initial Bloch coherent states is reduced to statistical mixtures. Thus, the present model does not preserve the modulus of the Bloch vector.     

Direct measurement of the concurrence for two-photon polarization entangled pure states by parity-check measurements

We present a protocol for directly measuring the concurrence of a two-photon polarization entangled pure or mixed state without prior quantum state tomography. By parity-check measurements and simple operations on two copies of the two-photon polarization entangled pure state, the concurrence is encoded in the total probability of picking up the odd parity states from the signal states. This protocol makes use of highly efficient homodyne detection, and it could be feasible in the near future with the help of the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Moreover, our protocol can be used in a distributed fashion to directly determine the entanglement of remote states, which may find its important applications in quantum communication.     

Quantum Authencryption with Two-Photon Entangled States for Off-Line Communicants

In this paper, a quantum authencryption protocol is proposed by using the two-photon entangled states as the quantum resource. Two communicants Alice and Bob share two private keys in advance, which determine the generation of two-photon entangled states. The sender Alice sends the two-photon entangled state sequence encoded with her classical bits to the receiver Bob in the manner of one-step quantum transmission. Upon receiving the encoded quantum state sequence, Bob decodes out Alice’s classical bits with the two-photon joint measurements and authenticates the integrity of Alice’s secret with the help of one-way hash function. The proposed protocol only uses the one-step quantum transmission and needs neither a public discussion nor a trusted third party. As a result, the proposed protocol can be adapted to the case where the receiver is off-line, such as the quantum E-mail systems. Moreover, the proposed protocol provides the message authentication to one bit level with the help of one-way hash function and has an information-theoretical efficiency equal to 100 %.     

Teleportation of Entangled States through Divorce of Entangled Pair Mediated by a Weak Coherent Field in a High-Q Cavity

We propose a scheme to partially teleport an unknown entangled atomic state. A high-Q cavity, supporting one mode of a weak coherent state, is needed to accomplish this process. By partial teleportation we mean that teleportation will occur by changing one of the partners of the entangled state to be teleported. The entangled state to be teleported is composed by one pair of particles, we called this surprising characteristic of maintaining the entanglement, even when one of the particle of the entangled pair being teleported is changed, of divorce of entangled states.     

A simple scheme for conditional generation of macroscopic entangled states using χ nonlinearity

Experimental arrangement consisting of spontaneous parametric down converter with type-I phase matching (SPDCI) and a beam splitter with unitary Hadamard transformation is proposed for conditional preparation of macroscopic entangled states. The given method requires no photon number resolving detection to generate most probable macroscopic entangled state. We calculate the amount of entanglement stored in the macroscopic entangled states and develop a method to increase the amount of entanglement stored in the state.     

Transferring of a Two-Mode Entangled State Between Two Cavities via Cavity QED

We propose a scheme for transferring of a two-mode entanglement of zero- or one-photon entangled states between two cavities via atom-cavity field resonant interaction. In our proposal, in order to transfer the entangled state, we only need two identical two-level atoms and a two-mode cavity for receiving the teleported state. This scheme does not require Bell-state measurement and performing any transformations to reconstruct the initial state. And the transfer can occur with 100% success probability in a simple manner. And a network for transferring of a two-mode entangled state between cavities is suggested. This scheme can also be extended to transfer N-mode entangled state of cavity.     

Unitary equivalence of different bipartite entangled states under unitary transformations

The unitary equivalence of different bipartite entangled states with continuous variables under unitary transformations are investigated. With the help of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, the corresponding unitary operators are also derived. These results may deepen people's understanding to the various bipartite entangled states, and enrich the representations and transformations theory in quantum mechanics.     

A Scheme for Generating Entangled Squeezed States Based on Cavity QED

We propose a scheme for generating entangled squeezed vacuum states of electromagnetical fields. The scheme is based on cavity QED. In this scheme, an atom interacts, successively, with a classical field, two quantum cavity fields, and another classical field. By detecting the final states of the atom, the two quantum cavity fields will be projected to an entangled state.     

Preparation of Entanglement of Atoms and of Photons via Cavity Input-Output Process

We propose a method to prepare multipartite entangled states such as cluster states and graph states based on the cavity input-output process and single photon measurement. Two quantum gates, a controlled phase gate and a fusion gate between two atoms trapped in respective cavities, are proposed to prepare atomic cluster states and graph states with one and two dimensions. We also introduce a scheme that can generate an arbitrary multipartite photon duster state which uses two coherent states as a qubit basis.     

Effects of multiple pairs on visibility measurements of entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric processes

Entangled photon-pair sources based on spontaneous parametric processes are widely used in photonic quantum information experiments. In this paper, we clarify the relationship between average photon-pair number and the visibility of two-photon interference (TPI) using those entanglement sources. We consider sources that generate distinguishable and indistinguishable entangled photon pairs, assuming coincidence measurements that use threshold detectors. We present formulas for the TPI visibility of a polarization entanglement that take account of all the high-order multi-pair emission events. Moreover, we show that the formulas can be approximated with simple functions of the average pair number when the photon collection efficiency is small. As a result, we reveal that an indistinguishable entangled pair provides better visibility than a distinguishable one.     

Quantum Remote Control of Unitary Operations on a Qubit of Pure Entangled States

We consider the remote implementation of an arbitrary unitary operation on one qubit of a pure two-qubit entangled state with 100% efficiency via entanglement swapping in detail, then directly generalize this protocol from two-qubit to N-qubit entangled states. The overall classical information and distributed entanglement cost required for this quantum remote control protocol is less than the bi-directional quantum state teleportation method.     

Efficient implementation of a nonlocal gate with nonmaximal entanglement

We present two schemes for efficient implementation of a nonlocal gate with nonmaximal entanglement. The main strategy of the schemes is local conversion of pure states, which consists of a generalized measurement described by a positive operator-valued measure (POVM), one-way classical communication, and corresponding unitary operations. First, we discuss the way to generate determinately the nonlocal gate via any pure shared entangled state combined with entanglement-assistance. Then we propose the other way to generate probabilistically the nonlocal gate via any pure entangled state with the aid of ancillary particles.     

Using biharmonic laser pumping for preparation of pure and entangled multiexciton states in clusters of resonantly interacting fluorescent centres

Use of a biharmonic laser pumping for preparation of pure and entangled multiexciton states in dimers and tetramers of resonantly interacting fluorescent particles is analysed. Special emphasis is given to the preparation of all possible pure exciton states and their maximally entangled Bell states. The general results are illustrated using as an example the pair and quartet centres of neodymium ions in calcium fluoride (M- and N-centres), where all necessary experimental information concerning the interactions and decoherence is available, and experimental preparation of Bell vacuum-single exciton and vacuum-biexciton states has been recently demonstrated. These results can be easily rescaled for the cases of quantum dots and dye molecules. Numerical results are compared with the analytical results obtained for a particular case of the biharmonic excitation of dimers. Excellent agreement between these approaches is demonstrated.     

Preparation of Arbitrary Four-Qubit W State with Atomic Ensembles via Rydberg Blockade

The generation of various entangled states is an essential task in quantum information processing. Recently, a scheme （PRA 79, 022304） has been suggested for generating Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and cluster state with atomic ensembles based on the Rydberg blockade. Using similar resources as the earlier scheme, here we propose an experimentally feasible scheme of preparing arbitrary four-qubit W class of maximally and non- maximally entangled states with atomic ensembles in a single step. Moreover, we carefully analyze the realistic noises and predict that four-qubit W states can be produced with high fidelity （F - 0.994） via our scheme.     

Teleportation fidelity as a probe of sub-Planck phase-space structure

We investigate the connection between sub-Planck structure in the Wigner function and the output fidelity of continuous-variable teleportation protocols. When the teleporting parties share a two-mode squeezed state as an entangled resource, high fidelity in the output state requires a squeezing large enough that the smallest sub-Planck structures in an input pure state are teleported faithfully. We formulate this relationship, which leads to an explicit relation between the fine-scale structure in the Wigner function and large-scale extent of the Wigner function, and we treat specific examples, including coherent, number, and random states and states produced by chaotic dynamics. We generalize the pure-state results to teleportation of mixed states.     

Experimentally testing Hardy's theorem on nonlocality with entangled mixed states

Hardy's theorem on nonlocality has been verified by a series of experiments with two-qubit entangled pure states.However,in this paper we demonstrate the experimental test of the theorem by using the two-photon entangled mixed states.We first investigate the generic logic in Hardy's proof of nonlocality,which can be applied for arbitrary two-qubit mixed polarization entangled states and can be reduced naturally to the well-known logic tested successfully by the previous pure state experiments.Then,the optimized violations of locality for various experimental parameters are delivered by the numerical method.Finally,the logic argued above for testing Hardy's theorem on nonlocality is demonstrated experimentally by using the mixed entangled-photon pairs generated via pumping two type-I BBO crystals.Our experimental results shows that Hardy's proof of nonlocality can also be verified with two-qubit polarization entangled mixed states,with a violation of about 3.4 standard deviations.     

Generation of Entangled Bloch States for Two Atomic Samples Trapped in Separated Cavities

A scheme is presented for the cavities. In the scheme, each a coherent state with a small generation of entangled states for two atomic ensembles trapped in two distant atomic sample is initially in a Bloch state and the cavity mode is initially in amplitude. The dispersive dependent phase shift on the atomic system. The detection atomic samples collapse to an entangled Bloch state. atom-cavity interaction leads to a photon-number of a photon leaking from the cavities makes the two