Zn1—xMnx／ZnSe应变超晶格分子束外延生长及光学特性研究

用分子束外延方法在ＧａＡｓ（１００）衬底上成功生长了高质量的Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ／ＺｎＳｅ（ｘ＝０．１６），超晶格结构，用Ｘ射线衍射和低温光致发光（ＰＬ）对其结构，应变分布以及光学性能进行了研究，结果表明，２Ｋ温度下，Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ／ＺｎＳｅ超晶格的光致发光中主发光峰对应于ＺｎＳｅ阱中基态电子和基态轻空穴之间的自由激子跃迁，而且其峰位相对于ＺｎＳｅ薄膜材料的自由激子峰有明显移动。其中，当超晶     

稀磁半导体Zn1—xMnxSe外延膜的反射的光致发光谱

测量了用热壁外延（ＨＷＥ）生长的不同组分（０≤ｘ≤０．９８）的Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ薄膜在温度为３００Ｋ下的反射光谱，用Ｘ射线能谱测定样品实际的组分ｘ值，由此获得了其能隙Ｅｇ与组分ｘ的关系：在０〈ｘ〈０．２组分范围，Ｅｇ随ｘ的变化显示了反常现象，当ｘ〉０．２时，能隙Ｅｇ随ｘ线性增大。在室温和低温下测量了样品的光致发光，除观测到Ｍｎ＾２＋离子内部４Ｔ１→６Ａ１发光峰外，在其低能边观测到一个较宽的发光峰     

ZnCdse－ZnSe多量子阱中的激子发光

在７７－３００Ｋ温度下研究了Ｚｎ（１－ｘ）ＣｄｘＳｅ－ＺｎＳｅ多量子阱（ＭＱＷｓ）的光致发光特性．首次在７７Ｋ，Ａｒ离子激光器的４５７．９ｎｍ激发下，在Ｚｎ（０．６８）Ｃｄ（０．３２）Ｓｅ－ＺｎｓｅＭＱＷｓ中观测到５个发光带，其中三个发光带被归因于不同的激子发射：即ｎ＝１重空穴（ＨＨ）激子；ｎ＝ｌ轻－重空穴（ＬＨ）激子和ｎ＝ＩＨＨ激子同时发射两个纵光学声子的复合发光，并且，；ｎ＝１ＨＨ激子发光可延续至室温．     

稀磁半导体Zn_（1－x）Mn_xSe外延膜的反射和光致发光谱

测量了用热壁外延（ＨＷＥ）生长的不同组分（０≤ｘ≤０．９８）的Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ薄膜在温度为３００Ｋ下的反射光谱，用Ｘ射线能借测定样品实际的组分ｘ值，由此获得了其能隙Ｅｇ与组分ｘ的关系：在Ｏ＜Ｘ＜０．２组分范围，Ｅｇ随ｘ的变化显示了反常现象，当Ｘ＞０．２时，能隙Ｅｇ随ｘ线性增大。在室温和低温下测量了样品的光致发光，除观测到Ｍｎ２＋离子内部４Ｔ１→６Ａ１发光峰外，在其低能边观测到一个较宽的发光峰，对结果进行了分析讨论。     

半磁半导体Zn_（1－x）Mn_xS中的能量传递

本文测量了Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳ在不同Ｍｎ浓度（０．００１＜ｘ＜０．５）下的发射谱和衰减曲线，并且用Ｙｏｋｏｔａ和Ｔａｎｉｍｏｔｏ模型进行了分析在对４Ｔ１衰减曲线进行拟合时发现衰减曲线是两种不同弛豫过程之和：（１）孤立的Ｍｎ２－离子的４Ｔ１衰减，它确定衰减曲线的尾部，有较长的衰减寿命；（２）Ｍｎ２－离子聚集体（例如Ｍｎ２－离子对）的４Ｔ１衰减，这种衰减比单个Ｍｎ２－离子的衰减更快．我们深入分析了在ｘ＝０．０６２，Ｔ＝８０Ｋ时的Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳ的发射谱及其衰减曲线，得到两个衰减寿命：τ１＝７０μｓ，τ２＞１０００μｓ，这表明在高Ｍｎ浓度时存在着两个弛豫过程：一个是较快的，另一个则是较慢的，根据Ｇｏｅｄｅ等人的实验结果可以断定较慢的过程来自孤立的Ｍｎ２－离子，那么便可以判知较快的过程是来源于Ｍｎ２－离子对．正是高Ｍｎ浓度下的Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳ中存在着Ｍｎ２＋－Ｍｎ２＋离子对，在其间有能量迁移以及它和能量受主之间的能量传递造成了该体系中的ＩＲ发射．     

应变层异质结ZnS/ZnSe、ZnS/ZnS_xSe_(1-x)和ZnSe/ZnS_xSe_(1-x)价带带阶的研究

采用基于原子球近似下线性Ｍｕｆｉｎ－Ｔｉｎ轨道（ＬＭＴＯ－ＡＳＡ）的平均键能计算方法，研究了以ＺｎＳｘＳｅ１－ｘ为衬底，沿（００１）方向外延生长的应变层异质结ＺｎＳ／ＺｎＳｅ、ＺｎＳ／ＺｎＳｘＳｅ１－ｘ和ＺｎＳｅ／ＺｎＳｘＳｅ１－ｘ的价带带阶值ΔＥｖ（ｘ）．研究表明，ΔＥｖ（ｘ）值随衬底合金组分ｘ单调变化．且两者的关系是非线性的．在此计算结果与其它理论计算和实验结果符合较好．     

宽禁带II—VI族化合物半导体薄膜及超晶格的外延生长及特性研究

介绍了宽禁带ＩＩ－ＶＩ族化合物半导体ＺｎＳｅ，ＺｎＳＳｅ和ＺｎＣｄＳｅ外延膜及它们的超晶格的分子束外延生长。用Ｘ射线衍射法（ＸＲＤ）和光致发光（ＰＬ）法分别对其结构特性和光学特性进行了研究。尤其是对超晶格样品所进行的温度变化的ＰＬ研究，得出了对于ＺｎＳｅ／ＺｎＳＳｅ超晶格，其激子激活能（Ｅａｃｔ）仅为１７ｍｅＶ，我们用ＺｎＳｅ／ＺｎＳＳｅ导带不连续较小来解释这个结果。而对于ＺｎＣｄＳｅ／ＺｎＳｅ超     

Si／Ge应变层超晶格的椭偏光谱

测量了几种不同组分的（Ｓｉ）Ｍ／（Ｇｅ）Ｎ应变超晶格材料的椭偏光谱（２．０～５．０ｅＶ），并得到了其介电函数谱；应用介电函数的临界点理论，研究了（Ｓｉ）Ｍ／（Ｇｅ）Ｎ应变超晶格材料的光学性质。发现短周期Ｓｉ／Ｇｅ应变超晶格除了具有明显的Ｅ１和Ｅ２带间跃迁外，还存在与应力和超晶格能带的折迭效应有关的跃迁峰，其能量分别位于２．３～３．０ｅＶ和３．３～４．０ｅＶ范围内     

静压下Znse／Zn_（1－x）Cd_xSe应变超晶格的光致发光研究

本文首次在室温和０—２．５ＧＰａ静压范围内研究了Ｚｎｓｅ／Ｚｎ０．２６Ｃｄ０．２６Ｓｅ应变超晶格的静压光致发光，观察到了室温条件下的超晶格阱层的重空穴激子跃迁随压力的亚线性变化的特性．经过计算机拟合实验数据得到了一阶和二阶压力系数．理论计算得到的一阶压力系数与实验得到的压力系数符合得较好。     

稀磁半导体Zn1—xCoxSe的光谱特性

本文首次报道一类新型半导体材料：含Ｃｏ＾＋６＋离子的稀磁半导体Ｚｎ１－ｘＣｏｘＳｅ晶体的光谱特性研究实验结果。对组分ｘ＝０．００１，０．００９７，０．０３０，０．０３７系列样品，在７３Ｋ－３００Ｋ范围内分别在可见和近红外区测量了吸收光谱和光致发光谱。实验观测到一系列与ｘ值无关的吸收峰和光致发光峰，两者一一对应，它们分别对应于具有Ｔｄ对称的晶体场中Ｃｏ＾＋＾＋离子不同能级间的跃迁，对这些峰进行了初步     

CdTe/CdZnTe多量子阱激子复合动力学性质的研究

报道了分子束外延制备的高质量CdTe/Cd_0.64Zn_0.36Te多量子阱结构的光学性质,由变温光致发光光谱讨论了随温度升高辐射线展宽和辐射复合效率降低的机理.在变密度激发的皮秒时间分辨光谱中,发现不同激发密度下发光衰减时间不同,并研究了它的机理.在高激发密度下观测到n=2的重空穴激子发光. 关键词：     

Temperature dependence of biaxial strain and its influence on phonon and band gap of GaN thin film

Hexagonal GaN epilayer grown on sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) is studied using Raman scattering and photoluminescence in a temperature range from 100\,K to 873\,K. The model of strain (stress) induced by the different lattice parameters and thermal coefficients of epilayer and substrate as a function of temperature is set up. The frequency and the linewidth of $E_2^{\rm high}$ mode in a GaN layer are modelled by a theory with considering the thermal expansion of the lattice, a symmetric decay of the optical phonons, and the strain (stress) in the layer. The temperature-dependent energy shift of free exciton A is determined by using Varshni empirical relation, and the effect of strain (stress) is also investigated. We find that the strain in the film leads to a decreasing shift of the phonon frequency and an about 10meV-increasing shift of the energy in a temperature range from 100\,K to 823\,K.     

Optical probing of a fractionally charged quasihole in an incompressible liquid

In photoluminescence spectroscopy of a low-mobility two-dimensional electron gas subjected to a quantizing magnetic field, we observe an anomaly around nu=1 / 3 at a very low temperature (0.1 K) and an intermediate electron density (0.9 x 10(11) cm(-2)). The anomaly is explained as due to perturbation of the incompressible liquid at the Laughlin state due to close proximity of a localized charged exciton which creates a fractionally charged quasihole in the liquid. The anomaly of approximately 2 meV can be destroyed by applying a small thermal energy of approximately 0.2 meV that is enough to close the quasihole energy gap.     

Abnormal Energy Dependence of Photoluminescence Decay Time in InGaN Epilayer

We employ photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL to study exciton localization effect in InGaN epilayers.By measuring the exciton decay time as a function of the monitored emission energy at different temperatures,we have found unusual behaviour of the energy dependence in the PL decay process. At low temperature, the measured PL decay time increases with the emission energy. It decreases with the emission energy at 200K, and remains nearly constant at the intermediate temperature of 12OK. We have studied the dot size effect on the radiative recombination time by calculating the temperature dependence of the exciton recombination lifetime in quantum dots, and have found that the observed behaviour can be well correlated to the exciton localization in quantum dots. This suggestion is further supported by steady state PL results.     

Electronic absorption spectrum of Cs<Subscript>2</Subscript>ZnI<Subscript>4</Subscript> thin films

The absorption spectrum of Cs₂ZnI₄ thin films in the energy range 3–6 eV at temperatures from 90 to 340 K has been investigated. It is established that this compound belongs to direct-gap insulators. Low-frequency exciton excitations are localized in ZnI₄ structural elements of the lattice. Phase transitions at 280 K (paraelectric phase ? incommensurate phase), 135 K (incommensurate phase ? monoclinic ferroelastic phase), and 96 K (monoclinic phase ? triclinic ferroelastic phase) have been found from the temperature dependences of the spectral position and halfwidth of the low-frequency exciton band. Additional broadening of the exciton band is observed for ferroelastic phases; it is likely to be due to exciton scattering from strain fluctuations near domain walls.     

The exciton absorption in deformed germanium

Absorption spectra at 77° K near the direct (κ = 0) exciton transition are reported for deformed and undeformed single-crystal films of n-type Ge oriented on (111); Elliott's theory is applied. The optical width of the forbidden band for this transition is found as E_{g 0} = (0.8821 ±±0.0002) eV, while the exciton binding energy is found as E_ex(0) = = (0.0016±0.0003) eV for undeformed Ge at 77 ° K. The mean temperature coefficient of E_g for κ = 0 in the range 77 °–297 ° K is (dE_g/ /dT)_p =?3.50 · 10^?4 eV/deg. The effects of thermoelastic deformation on the exciton spectrum give (dE_g/dT)_d = (?1.5±0.1) · 10^?4 eV/deg. The half-width σ ≈ 5 · 10^?4 eV of the exciton peak gives the exciton lifetime as gt ≥ 10^?12 sec.     

CdSe/ZnSe复合结构非对称量子阱的发光特性

利用MOCVD技术在GaAs衬底上外延生长了非对称量子阱结构CdSe/ZnSe材料,通过对其稳态变温光谱及变激发功率光谱,研究了其发光特性。稳态光谱表明:在82～141K时,观测到的两个发光峰来源于不同阱层厚度的量子阱激子发光,用对比实验验证了高能侧发光的来源。宽阱发光强度先增加后减小,将其归结为激子隧穿与激子热离化相互竞争的结果。通过Arrhenius拟合,对宽阱激子热激活能进行了计算。82K时变激发功率PL光谱表明:由于激子隧穿的存在,使得窄阱发光峰位不随激发功率变化而变化,宽阱发光峰位随激发功率增加发生了蓝移,并对激子隧穿进行了实验验证。     

Temperature-Dependent Defect-Induced New Emission in ZnSe Crystal

The temperature-dependent photoluminescence behaviour of chemical vapour transport （CVT）-grown ZnSe crystal is investigated. A new emission band appears when temperature is reduced to 155K. It is shown that the new emission band is strongly related to defect emission peaked at around 2.1 eV. The emergence of the new emission band is accompanied by decreasing emission intensity of free exciton, as well as redshiR of defect emission with temperature decreases. The activated energy of the defect state is estimated to be 60.6 meV, which is approximately equal to the energy difference between the new emission and the free exciton emission at 155K.     

The optical properties of Be,Mg and Zn-diffused gallium phosphide

Interest in the Ga-site acceptors Be and Mg was stimulated by the possibility that they might produce efficient luminescence on association with O, analogous to the well-known red Zn-O luminescence in GaP but at higher transition energy. Attention was directed to diffusion doping by Be and Mg of GaP O-doped during growth because the reactivity of Be and Mg with O renders double doping during crystal growth very difficult. Structured green donor-acceptor pair spectra were observed at 1.6°K from many Be-diffused crystals, yielding an accurate measure of (E_A)_BE, 50 ± 1 meV. Moderately efficient orange-red luminescence was also observed below ∼ 100 °K from these crystals, but the intensity of this luminescence decreased rapidly to negligible levels by ∼ 200°K. This luminescence also contains sharp structure at 1.6°K, of a form characteristic of the decay of excitons bound to complex centres. Many sharp phonon replicas occur, involving local modes as well as characteristic GaP modes. One set of no-phonon lines, at least, near 2.19 eV, shows zero-field splitting, luminescence decay times and behaviour in magnetic and external strain fields characteristic of exciton decay at a centre with <100>; or <111>-type symmetry axes, containing no extra electronic particles. The exciton state is split by 2.4 meV by J-J coupling, and the axial field of the centre splits the hole states by ∼ 1.0 meV. These bound excitons are specifically characteristics of diffused GaP and appear analogous to bound excitons observed below 2.12 eV in Zn-diffused GaP. It is probable that the relevant centres contain diffusion components such as Be or Zn interstitials and improbable that O_P is involved. By contrast, weak orange bound exciton luminescence observed in Mg-diffused GaP does involve O, presumably as O_P. No analysis of the magneto-optical behaviour of this Mg-related bound exciton was possible in our crystals, so its symmetry axis was not established. It is possible that this is the Mg_Ga-O_P bound exciton. If so, the two-fold reductions in the exciton localisation energy from ∼ 0.32 eV to ∼ 0.15 eV and in the mass of the Ga-site substituent has produced dramatic changes in the form of the phonon cooperation between the Zn-O and “Mg-O” excitons. The “Mg-O” exciton luminescence is not dominant in our crystals, even at low temperature. The exciton state is again split by a local crystal field as well as by J-J coupling, but here the former splitting is predominant; 2_∈0 = 3.9 meV, Δ = 0.60 meV.