不同宽度脉冲激光对白宝石损伤的结构特征

研究了白宝石（〈0001〉切割）晶体在800nm ns、ps和fs激光脉冲作用下的损伤形态.实验发现,在纳秒脉冲作用下,损伤外型与晶体的结构参量一致,呈“米”字形;在皮秒激光脉冲作用下,损伤外型呈“十”字形;而在飞秒激光脉冲作用下,损伤外形呈“一”字形;说明白宝石晶体结构损伤与应力作用下晶体缺陷的择优取向有关.     

Multi-pulsed intense electron beam emission from velvet,carbon fibers,carbon nano-tubes and dispenser cathodes

The experimental results of studies of four kinds of cathode emitting intense electron beams are demonstrated under multi-pulsed mode based on an experimental setup including two multi-pulse high voltage sources.The tested cathodes include velvet,carbon fibers,carbon nano-tubes(CNTs)and dispenser cathodes.The results indicate that all four are able to emit multi-pulsed beams.For velvet,carbon fiber and CNTs,the electron induced cathode plasma emission may be the main process and this means that there are differences in beam parameters from pulse to pulse.For dispenser cathodes tested in the experiment,although there is a little difference from pulse to pulse for some reason,thermal-electric field emission may be the main process.     

A short pulse, free running, Nd : YAG laser for the cleaning of stone cultural heritage

This paper presents a Nd : YAG laser operating in free running (FR) regime, with a pulse duration (20 μs) shorter than conventional systems (>200 μs), mainly developed for applications in laser cleaning of stones, especially for the restoration of cultural heritage. The system was also optimized to achieve high energy and low divergence, for easy coupling with optical fibers. The unusual pulse temporal regime induces a spiky behavior of the laser output which could also help in the application. Details on the technologies for the flashlamps power supplies, including the discharge circuits needed to achieve the short pulses, are given. Application trials on artworks and artificial samples are also discussed. Results show that the intermediate pulse duration avoids the mechanical damage induced by the photomechanical effect of Q-switch lasers and the thermal damage, as superficial melting, usually induced by long pulse FR lasers.     

1 J,1 Hz lamp-pumped high-gain Nd:phosphate glass laser amplifier

We present a lamp-pumped Nd: phosphate glass laser amplifier delivering up to 1 J of pulse energy at 1053 nm with a repetition rate of 1 Hz and an injected pulse energy of 2.5 mJ. The amplifier system employs a beamshaping module and a four-pass, lamp-pumped amplifier. The thermally induced wavefront distortion is mitigated and a uniform gain distribution is obtained by a four-lamp-pumped laser head in the amplifier. Thus,an excellent beam quality is obtained.     

基于半导体光放大器的光脉冲压缩方案的研究

对一种基于半导体光放大器(SOA)和普通单模光纤的光脉冲压缩方案进行了理论分析和实验验证.建立了该方案的理论分析模型,并在此基础上数值模拟了光脉冲的传播过程.计算结果表明,通过合理选取单模光纤的长度,可使50 ps光脉冲压缩到5 ps.实验表明利用普通单模光纤群速度色散导致的脉冲啁啾抵消SOA自相位调制引起的脉冲啁啾,实现了色散补偿及脉冲压缩.     

重复脉冲注入下半导体光放大器皮秒增益和折射率非线性的数值模拟

对重复周期小于载流子寿命的重复脉冲注入的情况，从速率方程出发，用分段模型对半导体光放大器的皮秒增益和折射率非线性进行了数值模拟，给出了重复脉冲注入下输出光脉冲时域波形的畸变、注入光脉冲引起的增益和相位变化，输出光脉冲上的频率啁啾随注入脉冲数增加的变化，以及归零光信号码流引起的增益和相位变化。     

单个飞秒激光作用下熔融石英的微爆阈值研究

对飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质中产生微爆的物理机制进行了研究,比较了长短激光脉冲的光击穿机制,基于Fokker-Planck方程建立了飞秒激光微爆模型,给出了飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质中产生微爆的阈值解析表达式.针对飞秒激光脉冲在熔石英介质中的微爆阈值进行了计算,得到的结果与实验结果基本相符.     

受激布里渊散射光限幅输出波形控制研究

数值模拟了种子场诱导受激布里渊散射光限幅过程的限幅输出波形特性.得到利用种子场控制限幅脉冲波形的规律：选取种子场脉冲宽度为抽运脉冲宽度的五倍，抽运脉冲相对于种子脉冲的延迟时间控制在与抽运脉冲宽度相当时，限幅输出波形最佳.限幅输出波形同时受抽运光功率影响，随抽运能量的增加，限幅脉冲功率不断下降，直至趋于0. 关键词： 受激布里渊散射 限幅输出波形 注入种子     

Ultrashort Gaussian pulse-width expansion and shape deformation induced by group velocity dispersion

Pulse-width expansion and pulse-shape deformation of an ultrashort Gaussian pulse induced by both low and high order group velocity dispersion were theoretically analyzed in terms of energy conservation and coupled equations for three wave radiations. As an example, the optical parametric interaction processes in a negative uniaxial crystal of CsLiB₆O₁₀ with 50 fs of ultrashort Gaussian pulse were simulated. The results indicate that the degree of the pulse expansion induced by low and high order group velocity dispersion is determined by both the wavelength of the incident wave and the crystal length. A pulse could be expanded to 1.41 times its initial value as a crystal length equals the dispersion length and further heavily expanded with decreasing wave-length and increasing crystal length. The pulse expansion induced by high order group velocity dispersion using an incident wavelength of 213 nm is 1.6 times that when using 532 nm in a 50 fs pulse width without chirp modulation, and the symmetry deformation and the frequency pushing phenomena of the ultrashort pulse shape are also found. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Direct detection of ultrafast thermal transients by use of a chirped, supercontinuum white-light pulse

An experimental technique is demonstrated that permits direct optical measurement of ultrafast material transients during a single excitation-relaxation cycle. Reflection of a linearly chirped, supercontinuum optical pulse from a gold film with changing surface temperature induced by an ultrafast pump pulse allows the thermal transients to be encoded onto the spectrum of the probe pulse. Calibrating the chirp of the probe pulse and the wavelength sensitivity of the sample permits mapping of the measured transient into the time domain. Measurements are completed over the course of 100 ps with subpicosecond time resolution. Results obtained with this technique are compared with similar measurements obtained with conventional pump-probe correlation techniques.     

单次飞秒激光脉冲在玻璃内部产生多次微爆的研究

在入射能量不同的情况下，用近红外飞秒激光脉冲在重钡火石玻璃（ZBaF15）内部产生了色心和微爆，在熔融石英的内部产生了多次微爆现象.实验表明：入射能量较高时，色心的中间会产生微爆；在松聚焦条件下，一个飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质内会激发多次微爆.基于飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质内的自聚焦效应和自由电子等离子体的自散焦效应，理论分析了多次微爆产生的原因；也讨论了飞秒激光脉冲诱导玻璃折射率改变的机理.     

多腔体复杂系统电磁脉冲耦合统计特性

以双腔体级联系统为实验对象,测量了系统的输出端感应电压,对实验结果进行统计分析,并与随机拓扑模型计算结果进行对比,两者基本吻合,验证了随机拓扑模型的适用性;利用该模型计算分析了不同脉冲参数及不同拓扑结构条件下多混沌腔体复杂系统的电磁耦合统计特性。研究表明,脉冲宽度和脉冲个数与概率峰值处的感应电压均存在一定的谐振特性,且脉冲频率越低,脉冲的耦合效率越高,采用串型的拓扑结构更加有利于系统的防护和加固。     

THz Radiation Generation via the Interaction of Ultra‐short Laser Pulses with the Molecular Hydrogen Plasma

In this paper, a two dimensional Particle In Cell‐Monte Carlo Collision simulation scheme is used to examine the THz generation via the interaction of high intensity ultra‐short laser pulses with an underdense molecular hydrogen plasma slab. The influences of plasma density, laser pulse duration and its intensity on the induced plasma current density and the subsequent effects on the generated THz signal characteristics are studied. It is observed that the induced current density in the plasma medium and THz spectral intensity are increased at the higher laser pulse intensities, laser pulse durations and plasma densities. Moreover, the generated THz electric field amplitude is reduced at the higher laser pulse durations. A wider frequency range for the generated THz signal is shown at the lower laser pulse durations and higher plasma densities. Additionally, it is found that the induced current density in hydrogen plasma medium is the dominant factor influencing the generation of THz pulse radiation. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Transient gratings in a nonlinear medium

The excitation of a phase transient grating induced by two equal pulses from the same laser, which intersect in a nonlinear (cubic) medium, is considered theoretically. The grating parameters are calculated. The grating amplitude is shown to be spatially non-uniform and to be described by the pulse autocorrelation function, a display of the pulse coherence and of the two-pulse interference pattern. The diffraction problem of the induced grating is then solved using the electrodynamic perturbation theory. The diffraction efficiency of the grating is calculated. It is shown that the measurement of the spectral intensity of the probe light diffracted from the induced grating enables the complete computation of the grating amplitude. Such a measurement may be carried out for the whole of the time of grating decay after the excitation of the grating. Some possible applications of the induced grating are considered. The medium parameters and the autocorrelation trace of the single pulse may be determined. The shape and duration of a bandwidth-limited pulse or the spectrum of an arbitrary one are shown to be measurable.     

Soliton mechanism of acoustic pulse frequency conversion to the red region

Self-scattering of a transverse acoustic pulse from a longitudinal strain video pulse (induced by an acoustic pulse) in a paramagnetic crystal in a magnetic field is predicted. This effect is accompanied by a continuous frequency shift of the hypersonic pulse to the red region; this shift is proportional to the pulse intensity.     

Modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation in a dual-wavelength dispersion-managed soliton fiber ring laser

We report on the observation of the modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation in a dual-wavelength operation dispersion-managed soliton fiber ring laser with net negative cavity dispersion. The passively mode-locked operation is achieved by using a nonlinear polarization rotation technique. A new type of dual-wavelength operation, where one is femtosecond pulse and the other is picosecond pulse operation, is obtained by properly rotating the polarization controllers. When the dual-wavelength pulses are simultaneously circulating in the laser ring cavity, a series of stable modulation sidebands appears in the picosecond pulse spectrum at longer wavelength with lower peak power due to modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation between the two lasing wavelengths. Moreover, the intensities and wavelength shifts of the modulation sidebands can be tuned by varying the power of the femtosecond pulse or the lasing central wavelengths of the dual-wavelength pulses. The theoretical analysis of the modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation in our fiber laser is also presented.     

不同电磁脉冲作用下地面有限长电缆外导体感应电流的数值计算

 运用时域有限差分法计算了地面有限长电缆在高功率微波、超宽带和核电磁脉冲作用下的外导体感应电流。计算结果表明：场强相同情况下，核电磁脉冲在电缆上感应的电流最大，持续时间最长，高功率微波和超宽带在几m长和几十m长的电缆上感应的电流相差不大；入射角对电缆感应电流也有影响，电场方向与电缆平行时感应最强；地面电缆的感应电流振荡频率比自由空间中电缆的感应电流振荡频率低；随着大地电导率的增大，感应电流反射波衰减加快；电缆任一端接地后，接地端电缆感应电流都会增大。     

9.33 GHz高功率脉冲微波对IAR20鼠肝细胞和L-02人肝细胞增殖的影响

研究了9.33 GHz高功率脉冲微波对IAR20鼠肝细胞和L-02人肝细胞增殖的影响,利用噻唑蓝比色法测量细胞增殖并对实验数据进行拟合,得到脉冲个数、场强和脉宽与细胞增殖之间的关系。当脉冲微波场强与脉宽保持不变,脉冲微波细胞效应随脉冲个数呈现非线性的指数递增规律。当脉冲微波的脉冲个数、脉宽一定时,场强越大,细胞增殖被抑制的程度越大;当脉冲个数、场强不变,脉宽越大,细胞增殖受到抑制的作用越明显,即脉冲微波细胞效应与场强和脉宽成正比。相同脉冲微波参量对不同种类细胞增殖的影响是不同的,对IAR20鼠肝细胞的影响比对L-02人肝细胞的影响略大。     

金属卟啉化合物激发态折射与激发态吸收增强瞬态热折射竞争研究

应用激发态吸收增强瞬态热折射理论结合激发态折射理论研究了新型锌卟啉化合物Zn-porphyrin 中激发态吸收增强瞬态热折射与激发态折射间的相互竞争. 样品在不同脉宽激光激发下呈现自聚焦-自散焦间的转化. 当入射激光脉宽为4 ns时,激发态折射占主要地位,样品呈现自聚焦性质;当入射激光脉宽为8ns时,激发态吸收增强瞬态热折射占主要地位,激发态折射占次要地位,样品呈现自散焦性质. 关键词： 金属卟啉化合物 激发态折射 瞬态热折射     

多层介质膜脉冲宽度压缩光栅与超短脉冲作用时的性能分析

基于啁啾脉冲放大技术的超短脉冲激光系统是提供超快、超强激光的重要途径，具有良好输出波形和高损伤阈值的多层介质膜脉冲宽度压缩光栅是获得高峰值功率脉冲激光的关键. 基于傅里叶谱变换方法和严格模式理论，分析了多层介质膜光栅(MDG)在超短脉冲作用下的光学特性. 结果表明，当MDG的反射带宽小于具有高斯分布的入射脉冲的频谱宽度时，-1级反射脉冲呈非对称高斯分布，其前沿出现振荡，并且-1级反射脉冲能量开始剧烈下降. 讨论了MDG结构参数对其反射带宽的影响. 分析了MDG与超短脉冲作用时的近场光分布，对提高其抗激光损 关键词： 脉冲压缩光栅 傅里叶谱变换 模式理论 损伤阈值