Studies of nonlinear deformation and stability of oval and elliptic cylindrical shells under axial compression

The stability of noncircular shells, in contrast to that of circular ones, has not been studied sufficiently well yet. The publications about circular shells are counted by thousands, but there are only several dozens of papers dealing with noncircular shells. This can be explained on the one hand by the fact that such shells are less used in practice and on the other hand by the difficulties encountered when solving problems involving a nonconstant curvature radius, which results in the appearance of variable coefficients in the stability equations. The well-known solutions of stability problems were obtained by analytic methods and, as a rule, in the linear approximation without taking into account the moments and nonlinearity of the shell precritical state, i.e., in the classical approximation. Here we use the finite element method in displacements to solve the problem of geometrically nonlinear deformation and stability of cylindrical shells with noncircular contour of the transverse cross-section. We use quadrilateral finite elements of shells of natural curvature. In the approximations to the element displacements, we explicitly distinguish the displacements of elements as rigid bodies. We use the Lagrange variational principle to obtain a nonlinear system of algebraic equations for determining the unknown nodal finite elements. We solve the system by a step method with respect to the load using the Newton-Kantorovich linearization at each step. The linear systems are solved by the Kraut method. The critical loads are determined with the use of the Silvester stability criterion when solving the nonlinear problem. We develop an algorithm for solving the problem numerically on personal computers. We also study the nonlinear deformation and stability of shells with oval and elliptic transverse cross-section in a wide range of variations in the ovalization and ellipticity parameters. We find the critical loads and the shell buckling modes. We also examine how the critical loads are affected by the strain nonlinearity and the ovalization and ellipticity of shells.     

Optimal design of axisymmetric plastic shallow shells of von Mises material

An optimal design technique developed earlier for axisymmetric plates and circular cylindrical shells is accommodated for shallow spherical shells subjected to uniform transverse pressure. Material of the shells is assumed to be rigid-plastic obeying the von Mises yield condition and the associated deformation law. The post-yield behaviour of the shells is taken into account. The weight minimization is performed under the condition that the maximal deflection of the shell of variable thickness coincides with the deflection of the reference shell of constant thickness. The problem is transformed into a non-linear boundary value problem which is solved numerically.     

Closed system of limit equilibrium equations for axisymmetric shells

We consider rigid-plastic axisymmetric shells and use methods of control theory to construct the carrying capacity loss condition for such shells in formalized form. We show that solving limit equilibrium problems for such structures can be reduced to solving a multipoint boundary value problem for a system of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations with unknown matching boundaries between different plastic modes as well as between rigid and plastic domains. We present a complete system of resolving equations for the problem on the carrying capacity of axisymmetric shells, including the matching conditions for domains in different states.     

Inelastic Deformation of Flexible Spherical Shells with Two Circular Openings

Elastoplastic analysis of thin-walled spherical shells with two identical circular openings is carried out with allowance for finite deflections. The shells are made of an isotropic homogeneous material and subjected to internal pressure of known intensity. The distributions of stresses (strains or displacements) along the contours of the openings and in the zone of their concentration are studied by solving doubly nonlinear boundary-value problems. The solution obtained is compared with the solutions that account for only physical nonlinearity (plastic deformations) and only geometrical nonlinearity (finite deflections) and with a numerical solution of the linearly elastic problem. The stress–strain state near the two openings is analyzed depending on the distance between the openings and the nonlinear factors accounted for     

Study of nonlinear deformation and stability of reinforced shells under combined loading by a bending moment and a transverse boundary force

We present a finite-element statement for the solution of stability problems for reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells with moment properties and nonlinearity in their precritical stressstrain state taken into account. Integrating the equations obtained by equating the linear strain components with zero, we find explicit expressions for the displacements of elements of noncircular cylindrical shells as rigid bodies. Using these expressions, we construct the shape functions of a fourangle finite element of natural curvature and develop an effective algorithm for studying nonlinear deformation and stability of shells. We study the stability of reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells under combined loading by a transverse boundary force and a bending moment and investigate how the ellipticity of the shells and the nonlinearity of deformation at the precritical stage affect the shell stability.     

Two-dimensional Hierarchical Models for Prismatic Shells with Thickness Vanishing at the Boundary

We construct variational hierarchical two-dimensional models for elastic, prismatic shells of variable thickness vanishing at boundary. With the help of variational methods, existence and uniqueness theorems for the corresponding two-dimensional boundary value problems are proved in appropriate weighted functional spaces. By means of the solutions of these two-dimensional boundary value problems, a sequence of approximate solutions in the corresponding three-dimensional region is constructed. We establish that this sequence converges in the Sobolev space H¹ to the solution of the original three-dimensional boundary value problem. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 74K20, 74K25.     

Basic Equations for Viscoelastic Laminated Shells with Distributed Piezoelectric Inclusions Intended to Control Nonstationary Vibrations

The basic equations for viscoelastic laminated shells with distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators are presented. Physical and geometrical nonlinearities are taken into account. It is shown that the asymptotic methods of nonlinear mechanics can be used in combination with the Bubnov–Galerkin method to solve nonlinear boundary value problems.     

纯弯曲下薄壁圆柱壳屈曲的非线性分析

为解决薄壁圆柱壳在纯弯曲下由于横截面的椭圆化而引起的屈曲几何非线性问题. 基本假设是改良的Brazier 简单理论,把圆柱壳的纯弯曲变形简化成一个两阶段的过程,分别求得纵向弯曲变形应变能和横截面变形应变能,然后利用最小势能原理求出作用力矩与杆端旋转角度的关系,最后分析可知:壳体长度参数越小,对应的圆柱壳壁越薄,非线性的影响越大;剪力大小参数越小,边界条件对椭圆化变形影响越小,非线性的影响越大.     

Method of change of the subspace of control parameters and its application to problems of synthesis of nonlinearly deformable axisymmetric thin-walled structures

The theoretical foundations, methods, and algorithms developed to analyze the stability and postbuckling behavior of thin elastic axisymmetric shells are discussed. The algorithm for numerically studying the processes of nonlinear deformation of thin-walled axisymmetric shells by the solution parametric continuation method is generalized to solving the practical problem of design of mechanical actuators of discrete action. The synthesis algorithm is based on the method of changing the subspace of control parameters, which is supplemented with the procedure of smooth transition in changing the subspaces. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example of synthesis of a thermobimetallic actuator of discrete action. The procedure of determining an isolated solution, whose existencewas predicted byV. I. Feodosiev, is considered in the framework of studying the process of nonlinear deformation of a corrugated membrane loaded by an external pressure.     

A model of layered prismatic shells

The present paper is devoted to a model for elastic layered prismatic shells which is constructed by means of a suggested in the paper approach which essentially differs from the known approaches for constructing models of laminated structures. Using Vekua’s dimension reduction method after appropriate modifications, hierarchical models for elastic layered prismatic shells are constructed. We get coupled governing systems for the whole structure in the projection of the structure. The advantage of this model consists in the fact that we solve boundary value problems separately for each ply. In addition, beginning with the second ply, we use a solution of a boundary value problem of the preceding ply. We indicate ways of investigating boundary value problems for the governing systems. For the sake of simplicity, we consider the case of two plies, in the zeroth approximation. However, we also make remarks concerning the cases when either the number of plies is more than two or higher-order approximations (hierarchical models) should be applied. As an example, we consider a special case of deformation and solve the corresponding boundary value problem in the explicit form.     

Studies of nonlinear deformation and stability of stiffened oval cylindrical shells under combined loading by bending moment and boundary transverse force

The finite-element statement of stability problems for stiffened oval cylindrical shells is presented with the moments and the nonlinearity of their subcritical stress-strain state taken into account. Explicit expressions for the displacements of elements of noncircular cylindrical shells as solids are obtained by integration of the equations derived by equating the linear deformation components with zero. These expressions are used to construct the shape functions of the effective quadrangular finite element of natural curvature, and an efficient algorithm for studying the shell nonlinear deformation and stability is developed. The stability of stiffened oval cylindrical shells is studied in the case of combined loading by a boundary transverse force and a bending moment. The influence of the shell ovality and the deformation nonlinearity on the shell stability is investigated.     

Shear deformable bars of doubly symmetrical cross section under nonlinear nonuniform torsional vibrations—application to torsional postbuckling configurations and primary resonance excitations

In this paper a boundary element method is developed for the nonuniform torsional vibration problem of bars of arbitrary doubly symmetric constant cross section, taking into account the effects of geometrical nonlinearity (finite displacement—small strain theory) and secondary twisting moment deformation. The bar is subjected to arbitrarily distributed or concentrated conservative dynamic twisting and warping moments along its length, while its edges are subjected to the most general axial and torsional (twisting and warping) boundary conditions. The resulting coupling effect between twisting and axial displacement components is also considered and a constant along the bar compressive axial load is induced so as to investigate the dynamic response at the (torsional) postbuckled state. The bar is assumed to be adequately laterally supported so that it does not exhibit any flexural or flexural–torsional behavior. A coupled nonlinear initial boundary value problem with respect to the variable along the bar angle of twist and to an independent warping parameter is formulated. The resulting equations are further combined to yield a single partial differential equation with respect to the angle of twist. The problem is numerically solved employing the Analog Equation Method (AEM), a BEM based method, leading to a system of nonlinear Differential–Algebraic Equations (DAE). The main purpose of the present contribution is twofold: (i) comparison of both the governing differential equations and the numerical results of linear or nonlinear free or forced vibrations of bars ignoring or taking into account the secondary twisting moment deformation effect (STMDE) and (ii) numerical investigation of linear or nonlinear free vibrations of bars at torsional postbuckling configurations. Numerical results are worked out to illustrate the method, demonstrate its efficiency and wherever possible its accuracy.

     

Physically and Geometrically Nonlinear Deformation of Spherical Shells with an Elliptic Hole

The elastoplastic state of thin spherical shells with an elliptic hole is analyzed considering that deflections are finite. The shells are made of an isotropic homogeneous material and subjected to internal pressure of given intensity. Problems are formulated and a numerical method for their solution with regard for physical and geometrical nonlinearities is proposed. The distribution of stresses (strains or displacements) along the hole boundary and in the zone of their concentration is studied. The results obtained are compared with the solutions of problems where only physical nonlinearity (plastic deformations) or geometrical nonlinearity (finite deflections) is taken into account and with the numerical solution of the linearly elastic problem. The stress—strain state in the neighborhood of an elliptic hole in a shell is analyzed with allowance for nonlinear factors __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 95–104, June 2005.     

Solvability of boundary value problems in the geometrically and physically nonlinear theory of shallow shells of Timoshenko type

This paper deals with the proof of the existence of solutions of a geometrically and physically nonlinear boundary value problem for shallow Timoshenko shells with the transverse shear strains taken into account. The shell edge is assumed to be partly fixed. It is proposed to study the problem by a variational method based on searching the points of minimum of the total energy functional for the shell-load system in the space of generalized displacements. We show that there exists a generalized solution of the problemon which the total energy functional attains its minimum on a weakly closed subset of the space of generalized displacements.     

Modelling and FE-simulation of plastic ductile damage evolution in plates and shells

Summary  The present paper reports on modelling and numerical simulation of thin-walled structures close to failure taking into consideration the effects of both geometrical and physical nonlinearity. The approach accounts for finite displacements and rotations, and the material model adopted includes elastic–plastic behaviour, isotropic and kinematic hardening, and ductile damage. Particular attention is paid to the problems of localised damage, damage progression and final collapse of the structure. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear response of bars, plates and shells to quasistatic monotonic and variable loading illustrates how material damage affects the load-carrying behaviour of structural components. Received 28 November 1999; accepted for publication 29 March 2000     

A new beam element for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity

Based on Timoshenko＇s beam theory and Vlasov＇s thin-walled member theory, a new model of spatial thin-walled beam element is developed for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity, which incorporates an interior node and independent interpolations of bending angles and warp and takes diversified factors into consideration, such as traverse shear deformation, torsional shear deformation and their coupling, coupling of flexure and torsion, and the second shear stress. The geometrical nonlinear strain is formulated in updated Lagarange （UL） and the corresponding stiffness matrix is derived. The perfectly plastic model is used to account for physical nonlinearity, and the yield rule of von Mises and incremental relationship of Prandtle-Reuss are adopted. Elastoplastic stiffness matrix is obtained by numerical integration based on the finite segment method, and a finite element program is compiled. Numerical examples manifest that the proposed model is accurate and feasible in the analysis of thin-walled structures.     

Studies of nonlinear deformation and stability of noncircular cylindrical shells in transverse bending

The variational finite element method in displacements is used to solve the problem of geometrically nonlinear deformation and stability of cylindrical shells with a noncircular contour of the cross-section. Quadrangle finite elements of shells of natural curvature are used. In the approximations of element displacements, the displacements of elements as solids are explicitly separated. The variational Lagrange principle is used to obtain a nonlinear system of algebraic equations for the unknown nodal finite elements. The system is solved by the method of successive loadings and by the Newton-Kantorovich linearization method. The linear system is solved by the Crout method. The critical loads are determined in the process of solving the nonlinear problem by using the Sylvester stability criterion. An algorithm and a computer program are developed to study the problem numerically. The nonlinear deformation and stability of shells with oval and elliptic cross-sections are investigated in a broad range of variation of the elongation and ellipticity parameters. The shell critical loads and buckling modes are determined. The influence of the deformation nonlinearity, elongation, and ellipticity of the shell on the critical loads is examined.     

Elastoplastic state of flexible cylindrical shells with two circular holes

The elastoplastic state of thin cylindrical shells with two equal circular holes is analyzed with allowance made for finite deflections. The shells are made of an isotropic homogeneous material. The load is internal pressure of given intensity. The distribution of stresses along the hole boundary and in the stress concentration zone (when holes are closely spaced) is analyzed by solving doubly nonlinear boundary-value problems. The results obtained are compared with the solutions that allow either for physical nonlinearity (plastic strains) or geometrical nonlinearity (finite deflections) and with the numerical solution of the linearly elastic problem. The stresses near the holes are analyzed for different distances between the holes and nonlinear factors.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 40, No. 10, pp. 107–112, October 2004.     

Diffraction of weak shock waves by deformed bodies submerged in a liquid

Conclusion On the basis of an analysis of theoretical and experimental data obtained up to now by various investigators, we can note the following major advances in the field of the interaction of shock waves with barriers submerged in a liquid:Exact solutions have been obtained for problems in the diffraction of acoustic shock waves by rigid and stationary bodies of specified shape (plates, wedges, cones, parabolic, elliptical, and circular cylinders, spheres, paraboloids of revolution); approximate schemes have been worked out for estimating hydrodynamic loads, making it possible to investigate various stages of the interaction of shock waves with elastic shells of revolution and solid bodies; studies have been conducted in the exact formulation of the interaction of plane (spherical) nonstationary waves with elastic barriers (unbounded plates, plates in a screen, infinitely long thin-walled and thick-walled cylindrical shells, closed thin-walled and thick-walled spherical shells); an exact solution has been found for the internal problems in the case of cavities (circular and elliptical cylinders, spheres, spheroids) and elastic shells of revolution (infinitely long cylindrical and closed spherical shells); methods have been worked out for the approximate determination of the parameters of objects (elastic thin-walled infinitely long cylindrical and closed spherical shells) from reflected echo signals; estimates have been given for the influence of the structural characteristics of an object (support, concentrated masses), the nonlinear properties of interacting media, cavitation in liquid, and plastic deformations in the barrier material on the process of hydrodynamic interaction.We should also mention the main lines of further investigation and the problems which require solution: designing new experimental apparatus and measuring complexes for studying the nonstationary behavior of deformed bodies and structures in a liquid; solution of problems in diffraction by oonical and cylindrical shells of finite length, and by compound structures of complicated form in which account is taken of the structural characteristics and the internal elements; calculation of three-layer and multilayer shells acted upon by shock waves, taking account of the transverse compression of the filler; construction of more exact schemes (models) for the nonlinear and cavitation-type interaction of waves with barriers; development of numerical and combined methods for the solution of the problems in hydroelasticity.Mechanics Institute, Moscow State University. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 3–11, May, 1980.     

PERTURBATION FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR SOLVING GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR PROBLEMS OF AXISYMMETRICAL SHELL

In analysing the geometrically nonlinear problem of an axisymmetrical thin-walled shell, the paper combines the perturbation method with the finite element method by introducing the former into the variational equation to obtain a series of linear equations of different orders and then solving the equations with the latter. It is well-known that the finite element method can be used to deal with difficult problems as in the case of structures with complicated shapes or boundary conditions, and the perturbation method can change the nonlinear problems into linear ones. Evidently the combination of the two methods will give an efficient solution to many difficult nonlinear problems and clear away some obstacles resulted from using any of the two methods solely. The paper derives all the formulas concerning an axisym-metric shell of large deformation by means of the perturbation finite element method and gives two numerical examples,the results of which show good convergence characteristics.