镁铝复合氧化物载体的制备与性质研究

以硝酸镁和硝酸铝为原料,用氨水溶液作为pH调节剂,采用共沉淀法制备了镁铝复合氧化物载体,研究了制备过程中镁铝比、pH调节剂种类、水解过程pH值的大小、反应温度、焙烧温度及回流晶化温度对复合氧化物载体理化性质的影响。并以RFCC汽油加氢脱硫为探针反应,考察了以镁铝复合氧化物为载体的催化剂选择性加氢脱硫性能。实验结果表明,在镁铝分子比为10、反应温度为80℃、pH值为9.5条件下制备的镁铝复合氧化物载体具有适宜的比表面积和均匀的孔分布,且晶型较完整,结晶度高。以该复合氧化物为载体制备的催化剂具有良好的RFCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫反应性能。     

一种制备双格氏试剂-1，4-亚苯基双氯化镁的方法

格氏试剂是有机和金属有机合成中一类重要反应中间体,但是某些卤化物很难与商品镁粉进行格氏反应,例如,芳基氯化物、乙烯基氯化物、烷基氟化物等。近年来,先后出现了一些制备活性镁的方法。Rieke 等于四氢呋喃中在碘化钾存在下,用金属钾还原无水氯化镁制得活性镁:Bogdanovic 等用催化加氢制备的活性氢化镁热分解,得到活性镁;我们曾用蒽镁真空热分解制得活性镁。这类     

纳米氮化镁的合成

在制备高硬度、高热导、耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐高温的新兴陶瓷材料氧化硼、氮化硅的固相反应中，氮化镁是不可缺少的烧结助剂［‘，’j．同时，氮化镁还可用于制备发泡合金和回收核废料等领域．目前氮化镁的制备方法有：镁粉直接与氮气反应法［‘，‘1、镁在氮等离子流中与氮反应法＊‘、在氮气气氛下镁线圈爆炸法‘’‘和低压化学气相沉积法［’j．在上述方法中，有些方法需要复杂和昂贵的设备．有些方法得到氮化镁的产率较低．镁粉直接与氮气反应是具有工业生产价值的方法一然而，这种方法需要SOO”C到gOO”C的高温．我们曾经报道过利用温和…     

二茂镁的原位合成及其与羰基化合物的反应

研究了通过萘锂还原法制得的活性镁与环戊二烯原位合成环戊二烯基镁(Cp~2Mg)的方法。Cp~2Mg的存在是由它与醛酮反应生成富烯得到证实。此法产率高, 方法简单, 条件温和。     

有机电合成中活性镁的产生及其反应

通过低还原电位的含活泼氢的烃类化合物及苯腈在消耗性镁阳极存在下的有机电解反应证实了阴极上高分散活性镁的存在, 且其活性比以往方法所得的活性镁的活性更高。     

有机电合成中活性镁的产生及其反应

通过低还原电位的含活泼氢的烃类化合物及苯腈在消耗性镁阳极存在下的有机电解反应证实了阴极上高分散活性镁的存在,且其活性比以往方法所得的活性镁的活性更高。     

活性镁及活性氢化镁的合成

研究了在真空下90-150℃间使蒽镁分解生成高活性镁. 再常压加氢, 制得氢化镁的方法. 这一过程中, 镁的活化可循环使用蒽, 基本上不消耗任何试剂, 在分解前用过渡金属化合物掺杂到蒽镁中去可改善活化镁的氢化行为. 当蒽镁中掺杂5%的Cp2TiCl2时, 吸氢温度可降至90℃.     

磷酸铵镁法回收稀土分离废水中镁及氨氮的研究

磷酸铵镁法是一种有效的回收氨氮、磷和镁的方法。本文通过热力学计算,分析了反应过程及pH值对磷酸铵镁生成的影响规律。根据理论分析结果,进行了pH值、磷源、加料方式等因素对氨氮、磷去除率的影响实验。结果表明:以Na3PO4为磷源,通过向氮磷混合液中加入含镁废水,并控制反应液pH值为9时,氮磷镁去除率均可达98%以上,得到沉淀物经X衍射分析为六水磷酸铵镁。     

铁酸镁系列超微粒子催化剂的氧化脱氢反应行为:乙苯和环己烷的氧化脱氢反应

采用四种不同的方法制备了系列铁酸镁超微粒子催化剂，考察了其对乙苯和环已烷的氧化脱氢反应性能，结果表明，（Ｄ）样品具有最佳的乙苯氧化脱氢反应活性：４００℃，Ｏ２／Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｃ２Ｈ５（ｍｏｌ）＝３．０时，乙苯转化率为５０％，苯乙烯选择性为８０％，苯乙烯单收达４０％，催化剂对乙苯氧化脱氢反应的活性随样品的粒径变小而提高；对环已烷氧化脱氢反应则恰好相反，即活性随粒径变小而降低，这种差别归因于反应物分子结构与     

共沉淀法制备的镁铝氧化物催化剂上丙酮气相缩合反应

采用共沉淀法, 以氨水为沉淀剂制备了一系列具有不同Mg/Al摩尔比的镁铝氧化物催化剂, 考察了它们在丙酮气相缩合反应中的催化性能, 并通过XRD, XPS, ICP, TG-DTA和TPD等手段对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 以反滴沉淀方式制备的Mg1.0AlO催化剂具有较高的反应活性和稳定性, 在反应温度为573 K条件下, 反应85 h后丙酮的转化率仍可以达到65%. 镁铝氧化物表面存在一定量强度和密度相互匹配的弱碱和强碱中心对提高催化剂的活性和稳定性有利.     

Metallic and carbon nanotube-catalyzed coupling of hydrogenation in magnesium

Synergistic effect of metallic couple and carbon nanotubes on Mg results in an ultrafast kinetics of hydrogenation that overcome a critical barrier of practical use of Mg as hydrogen storage materials. The ultrafast kinetics is attributed to the metal-H atomic interaction at the Mg surface and in the bulk (energy for bonding and releasing) and atomic hydrogen diffusion along the grain boundaries (aggregation of carbon nanotubes) and inside the grains. Hence, a hydrogenation mechanism is presented.     

Hydrogen spillover mechanism on a Pd-doped Mg surface as revealed by ab initio density functional calculation

The hydrogenation kinetics of Mg is slow, impeding its application for mobile hydrogen storage. We demonstrate by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the reaction path can be greatly modified by adding transition metal catalysts. Contrasting with Ti doping, a Pd dopant will result in a very small activation barrier for both dissociation of molecular hydrogen and diffusion of atomic H on the Mg surface. This new computational finding supports-for the first time by ab initio simulation-the proposed hydrogen spillover mechanism for rationalizing experimentally observed fast hydrogenation kinetics for Pd-capped Mg materials.     

A kinetic model explaining the enhanced rates of hydrogen evolution on anodically polarized magnesium in aqueous environments

A model to explain the increasing rates associated with hydrogen evolution (HE) originating at the dissolving regions of Mg under anodic polarization is presented. The actively dissolving anodes have been shown experimentally to be the primary source of anomalous evolution of hydrogen. In this model, standard electrochemical laws are used to account for this phenomenon. The fractional coverage of active Mg sites is introduced to localize the cathodic contribution of HE during anodic polarization. A kinetic equation is derived showing that the rate of HE will increase with increasing potential if the charge transfer coefficient associated with the Mg oxidation reaction is greater than the charge transfer coefficient for the HE reaction. Experimental data obtained on high purity Mg galvanodynamically polarized at potentials above and below its E_corr in 0.1 M NaCl solution are presented to validate the model.     

乙炔等离子体法制备超细Mg纳米颗粒及其吸放氢循环性能

采用乙炔等离子体蒸发Mg的方法成功制备了40 nm左右的超细Mg纳米颗粒. 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测试(BET)和吸放氢测试等方法对其微观结构和吸放氢循环性质进行了研究. 超细Mg纳米颗粒具有比普通Mg颗粒更大的比表面积, 氢扩散至颗粒内部所需距离更短, 因而大大提高了其吸放氢动力学性质. Mg纳米颗粒表面的C既减少了Mg的氧化, 又阻碍了吸放氢过程中Mg颗粒的长大. 这种超细结构的Mg纳米颗粒具有良好的循环性质, 30次循环后容量仍没有衰减.     

Competing Reaction Pathways in Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Allyl Cyanide: The Chemical Nature of Surface Species

We present a mechanistic study on the formation of an active ligand layer over Pd(111), turning the catalytic surface highly active and selective in partial hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. Specifically, we investigate the chemical composition of a ligand layer consisting of allyl cyanide deposited on Pd(111) and its dynamic changes under the hydrogenation conditions. On pristine surface, allyl cyanide largely retains its chemical structure and forms a layer of molecular species with the CN bond oriented nearly parallel to the underlying metal. In the presence of hydrogen, the chemical composition of allyl cyanide strongly changes. At 100 K, allyl cyanide transforms to unsaturated imine species, containing the C=C and C=N double bonds. At increasing temperatures, these species undergo two competing reaction pathways. First, the C=C bond become hydrogenated and the stable N-butylimine species are produced. In the competing pathway, the unsaturated imine reacts with hydrogen to fully hydrogenate the imine group and produce butylamine. The latter species are unstable under the hydrogenation reaction conditions and desorb from the surface, while the N-butylimine adsorbates formed in the first reaction pathway remain adsorbed and act as an active ligand layer in selective hydrogenation of acrolein.     

Hydrogenation of norbornene catalyzed by magnesium oxide-supported polyalumazane–platinum complexes

A magnesium oxide-supported polyalumazane–platinum complex was synthesized and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and its performance toward the hydrogenation of norbornene. XPS data indicated that a large amount of platinum existed in a zero-valent state. The catalyst showed high performance for the hydrogenation of norbornene. Its performance depended on the type of the support, the platinum loading and the reaction temperature. With 0.1544 mmol/g platinum loading at 25°C, the hydrogenation of norbornene to norbornane was completed within 2 min. Also, the turnover number of the catalyst reached 11,000 within 280 min.     

复合氧化物催化剂(Cu)CeO2上硝基苯加氢反应的研究

 基于用FT－IR表征H2与硝基苯在催化剂（Cu）CeO2上的吸附和反\r\n应行为，对硝基苯加氢反应进行了研究．结果表明，氢在催化剂表面的\r\n吸附主要为解离吸附，硝基苯的吸附也主要为化学吸附；两种吸附物种\r\n在催化剂上进行表面反应生成易脱附的苯胺，避免了产物与反应物间的\r\n竞争吸附，有利于反应物完全转化．在（Cu）CeO2催化剂上，硝基苯加\r\n氢反应机理为朗格缪尔－欣谢伍德型，即表面反应为控制步骤．     

Ni2P/TiO2的制备及其对苯加氢反应的催化性能

采用程序升温还原方法制备了TiO2负载的晶态Ni2P催化剂。用X射线衍射（XRD）及低温N2吸附（BET）等技术对样品的物相、比表面积等性质进行了表征。以苯气相加氢为模型反应考察了Ni2P/TiO2催化剂加氢性能，并对Ni2P负载量、前驱体中P的质量分数对催化剂的物相及性能的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明， TiO2负载的晶态磷化镍催化剂上，Ni2P是主要物相。Ni2P/TiO2催化剂对苯加氢反应具有较高的活性、选择性以及良好的稳定性能。Ni2P/TiO2制备对催化剂的性能有影响。Ni2P负载量增加，催化剂的活性先升高后降低，Ni2P负载量为12%时催化剂活性较高。催化剂前驱体中P的质量分数越高，制备出的催化剂对苯加氢反应的稳定性越好，但随前驱体中P的质量分数增加，催化反应的活性先升高，后降低。与Ni2P/SiO2比较，Ni2P/TiO2催化剂具有较高的活性和稳定性。     

Synergism of Pt nanoparticles and iron oxide support for chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild conditions

An efficient and low-cost supported Pt catalyst for hydrogenation of niroarenes was prepared with colloid Pt precursors and α-Fe₂O₃ as a support. The catalyst with Pt content as low as 0.2 wt% exhibits high activities, chemoselectivities and stability in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and a variety of niroarenes. The conversion of nitrobenzene can reach 3170 mol_conv h^?1 mol_Pt^?1 under mild conditions (30 °C, 5 bar), which is much higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst and many reported catalysts under similar reaction conditions. The spatial separation of the active sites for H₂ dissociation and hydrogenation should be responsible for the high chemoselectivity, which decreases the contact possibility between the reducible groups of nitroarenes and Pt nanoparticles. The unique surface properties of α-Fe₂O₃ play an important role in the reaction process. It provides active sites for hydrogen spillover and reactant adsorption, and ultimately completes the hydrogenation of the nitro group on the catalyst surface.