用布儒斯特角法同时测定单轴晶体的折射率和光轴方向

在理论上分析了光轴任意方向的单轴晶体的折射率．根据布儒斯特角原理,当线偏振光的电场矢量平行于入射面时,通过测出对样品三个表面的布儒斯特角,就能同时确定单轴晶体的折射率和光轴方向．并利用分光计,在光轴不确定的情况下,测定了方解石的两个主折射率和光轴方向．     

Flexibly Enhanced Photonic Spin Hall Effect via Selective Brewster Angle

The manipulating of photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) plays a crucial role for development of spin-dependent nanodevices and systems. Since the photonic SHE is generally enhanced near the Brewster angle, the choice of incident angle usually has low flexibility with natural materials due to their dielectric constants. Herein, an efficient method to flexibly enhance the photonic SHE by utilizing selective Brewster angle in an anisotropic metamaterial is proposed. Through adjusting the thickness ratio of two media in metamaterial, the Brewster angle can be flexibly adjusted in a broad range (nearly 0–90°). With the selective Brewster angle, the spin-dependent transverse shift can be enhanced at nearly arbitrary incident angles. Furthermore, based on this structure, a binary encoding system is demonstrated, realizing information conversion around incident angles. This research work provides more possibilities for applications in manipulating photonic SHE.     

转换反射中光自旋霍尔效应的自旋堆积方向

从理论上和实验上研究了转换反射中光自旋霍尔效应的自旋堆积方向的方法,建立了描述光束在空气-棱镜界面反射的自旋堆积模型,揭示了横移与光束入射偏振角的定性关系。研究发现,当入射角小于布儒斯特角时,随着入射偏振角的逐渐增大,自旋堆积的方向发生反转。而当入射角大于布儒斯特角时,自旋堆积的方向不再随入射偏振角的变化而反转。结果表明,在光束入射角为确定值且小于布儒斯特角的情况下,可以通过调控光束的入射偏振角转换自旋堆积的方向。转换自旋堆积方向的研究为有效调控光自旋霍尔效应提供了新的途径。     

光自旋霍尔效应中的交叉偏振特性研究

从光束角谱理论出发建立了描述光自旋霍尔效应的傍轴传输模型, 利用这一模型分析了光自旋霍尔效应中的交叉偏振特性. 通过分析交叉偏振效应强度和入射角变化的规律, 发现交叉偏振效应越强, 光自旋霍尔效应中的自旋分裂越大. 为便于实验观察, 将入射角选在光自旋霍尔效应较强的布儒斯特角附近, 观测到了强的交叉偏振效应. 增大交叉偏振分量的同时减小初始偏振分量, 可显著增强光自旋霍尔效应. 这一调控方法为研制基于光自旋霍尔效应的新型光子器件提供了理论基础.     

Photonic spin Hall effect in PT symmetric metamaterials

We proposed and demonstrated that PT symmetric metamaterials could be used to achieve enhanced spin Hall effect (SHE) of light. We find that when laser mode is excited in PT symmetric system, the enhanced SHE could be obtained in both transmitted and reflected beams. In addition, as exceptional points (EPs) of PT symmetric system can happen for both p- and s-polarizations, the enhanced SHE of reflected light can function for both horizontally and vertically polarized incident beams. Particularly, these EPs can lead to unidirectional reflectionlessness, asymmetric SHE with maximum contrast ratio of 48 is obtained by launching light beams near EPs. Our work opens up a new path to obtain enhanced transverse displacement for both reflected and transmitted light and enables more opportunities in manipulating photonic SHE.     

光波p分量在单轴晶体表面反射和折射的相位特性

根据单轴晶体的双折射和双反射性质,通过数值计算研究了光轴在入射面内并与晶体界面成任意角时光波p分量在单轴晶体表面反射和折射的相位特性.结果表明,光轴取向对相位变化有较大影响,光从光疏各向同性介质射入单轴晶体时,光轴方向改变反射光p分量的相位突变点,但对折射光p分量相位无影响.光从光密各向同性介质射入单轴晶体未发生全反射时,光轴方向同时影响p分量反射光和折射光的相位突变|发生全反射后,光轴方向影响反射光p分量的相位变化曲线.从单轴晶体出射到光疏各向同性介质未发生全反射时,光轴方向改变反射光p分量的相位跃变规律,折射光p分量在光轴方向和晶面成小角度时在布儒斯特角附近发生相位突变|发生全反射后,反射光p分量的相位变化曲线随光轴方向的改变发生较大变化.     

Photonic spin Hall effect and terahertz gas sensor via InSb-supported long-range surface plasmon resonance

We propose a simple one-dimensional grating coupling system that can excite multiple surface plasmon resonances for refractive index(RI)sensing with self-reference characteristics in the near-infrared band.Using theoretical analysis and the finite-difference time-domain method,the plasmonic mechanism of the structure is discussed in detail.The results show that the excited resonances are independent of each other and have different fields of action.The mode involving extensive interaction with the analyte environment achieves a high sensitivity of 1236 nm/RIU,and the figure of merit(FOM)can reach 145 RIU-1.Importantly,the mode that is insensitive to the analyte environment exhibits good self-reference characteristics.Moreover,we discuss the case of exchanging the substrate material with the analyte environment.Promising simulation results show that this RI sensor can be widely deployed in unstable and complicated environments.     

多层介质中的光自旋霍尔效应研究

本文研究了光束通过多层介质分界面的光自旋霍尔效应. 以三层介质为例,建立了光束通过棱镜-空气-棱镜结构的传输模型,揭示了横移与空气介质的厚度、折射率梯度以及入射角等因素的定性关系. 发现对某一特定的圆偏振光束,改变两棱镜之间的折射率梯度可以调控横移,反射场与传输场的横移方向取决于折射率梯度. 相对于两层介质来说,高斯光束通过三层介质能明显地增强光自旋霍尔效应. 研究多层介质中光自旋霍尔效应横移的影响因素可为调控和增强光自旋霍尔效应提供理论依据. 关键词： 光自旋霍尔效应 横移 折射率梯度     

光子自旋霍尔效应及其在物性参数测量中的应用

光子自旋霍尔效应是指光束在非均匀介质中传输时,自旋角动量相反的光子在垂直于入射 面的方向发生的横向自旋相关分裂。光子自旋霍尔效应可以和电子自旋霍尔效应作类比：自旋光 子扮演自旋电子的角色,折射率梯度扮演外场的角色。光子自旋霍尔效应源于光的自旋-轨道相互 作用,和两类几何相位有关：一类是动量空间的自旋重定向Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry 相位;另 一类是斯托克斯参数空间的Pancharatnam-Berry 相位。光子自旋霍尔效应对物性参数非常敏感, 结合量子弱测量技术,在物性参数测量、光学传感等领域具有重要的应用前景。本文将简单分析 光子自旋霍尔效应的物理根源,回顾近几年不同物理系统中光子自旋霍尔效应的研究进展,介绍 光子自旋霍尔效应在物性参数测量中的应用。最后,展望其在光学模拟运算、显微成像、量子成 像等领域的可能发展方向。     

Local dynamical characteristics of Bessel beams upon reflection near the Brewster angle

We analytically and numerically study the local dynamical characteristics of the Bessel beams reflected from an airglass interface near the Brewster angle.A Taylor series expansion based on the angular spectrum component is applied to correct the reflection coefficients near the Brewster angle.Using a hybrid angular spectrum representation and vector potential method,the explicit expressions for the electric and magnetic field components of the reflected Bessel beams are derived analytically under paraxial approximation.The local energy,momentum,spin,and orbital angular momentum of the Bessel beams upon reflection near the Brewster angle are examined numerically by utilizing a canonical approach.Numerical simulation results show that the properties of these dynamical quantities for the Bessel beams near Brewster angle incidence change abruptly,and are significantly affected by their topological charge,half-cone angle,and polarization state.The present study has its importance in understanding the dynamical aspects of optical beams with vortex structure and diffraction-free nature during the reflection process.     

Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in spin Hall effect of light

From the viewpoint of classical electrodynamics, we identify the role of spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in spin Hall effect (SHE) of light. We introduce a distinct separation between spin and orbital angular momenta to clarify the spin–orbital interaction in conventional beam refraction. We demonstrate that the refractive index gradient can enhance or suppress the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, and thus can control the SHE of light. We suggest that the metamaterial whose refractive index can be tailored arbitrarily may become a good candidate for amplifying or eliminating the SHE of light, and by properly facilitating the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion the SHE may be enhanced dramatically. The transverse spatial shifts governed by the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, provide us a clear physical picture to clarify the role of refractive index gradient in the SHE of light. These findings provide a pathway for modulating the SHE of light and can be extrapolated to other physical systems.     

折射率梯度引起反转的光自旋霍尔效应研究

从经典电动力学出发,研究了由折射率梯度导致的反转光自旋霍尔效应。通过分析光从光疏介质入射到光密介质和从光密介质入射到光疏介质两种情况,揭示了光自旋霍尔效应中的横移与偏振态、折射率梯度以及入射角等因素的定性关系。当入射角一定时,光从光疏介质入射到光密介质时的水平偏振横移绝对值大于垂直偏振横移,而从光密介质入射到光疏介质的情况正好与之相反,并且传输场的横移方向取决于折射率梯度方向,增大入射角能明显增强光自旋霍尔效应,对某一特定的线偏振光束,其左、右旋圆偏振光分量的横移等值反向。这些研究结果为调控光自旋霍尔效应提供了有效途径。     

基于合金介电常数的可控特性增强光子自旋霍尔效应

基于平面角谱理论,系统研究了BK7玻璃-合金薄膜-空气结构中合金介电常数的变化对反射光自旋霍尔效应的调控规律.数值仿真结果表明,该结构发生表面等离激元共振的共振角主要受合金介电常数实部的影响,随介电常数实部的增加而增大,而虚部对共振角变化的影响相对较小.不同介电常数合金在其共振角处得到的较大光子自旋霍尔效应横移呈集中的带状分布,选取介电常数-2.8+1.6i的Ag-Ni合金时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移能达到1.2×10~5 nm.研究还发现将入射角固定为44.1°时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移随合金介电常数的变化呈轴对称分布,并以最大值为中心呈球面状辐射,离中心点越远光子自旋霍尔效应横移越小.选取介电常数-10.6+1.2i的Ag-Au合金时,光子自旋霍尔效应横移最大能达到8000 nm,相比于以往纯金属纳米结构BK7玻璃-金-空气中得到的最大光子自旋霍尔效应横移3000 nm有了较大的提高.该研究不仅能够有效增强光子自旋霍尔效应,还能为设计等离激元共振传感器等纳米光子器件提供理论依据.     

Evolution of the spin Hall effect in Pt nanowires: size and temperature effects

We have studied the evolution of the spin Hall effect (SHE) in the regime where the material size responsible for the spin accumulation is either smaller or larger than the spin diffusion length. Lateral spin valve structures with Pt insertions were successfully used to measure the spin absorption efficiency as well as the spin accumulation in Pt induced through the spin Hall effect. Under a constant applied current the results show a decrease of the spin accumulation signal is more pronounced as the Pt thickness exceeds the spin diffusion length. This implies that the spin accumulation originates from bulk scattering inside the Pt wire and the spin diffusion length limits the SHE. We have also analyzed the temperature variation of the spin Hall conductivity to identify the dominant scattering mechanism.     

Disturbance of spin equilibrium by current through the interface of noncollinear ferromagnets

Boundary conditions are derived that determine the penetration of spin current through an interface of two noncollinear ferromagnets with an arbitrary angle between their magnetization vectors. We start from the well-known transformation properties of an electron spin wave functions under the rotation of a quantization axis. It allows directly find the connection between partial electric current densities for different spin subbands of the ferromagnets. No spin scattering is assumed in the near interface region, so that spin conservation takes place when electron intersects the boundary. The continuity conditions are found for partial chemical potential differences in the situation. Spatial distribution of nonequilibrium electron magnetizations is calculated under the spin current flowing through a contact of two semi-infinite ferromagnets. The distribution describes the spin accumulation effect by current and corresponding shift of the potential drop at the interface. These effects appear strongly dependent on the relation between spin contact resistances at the interface.     

Observation of nonlinear brewster angles in KDP

The intensities of the reflected second harmonic light from uniaxial KDP crystal immersed in an optically denser liquid 1-bromonaphthaline have been measured as a function of incident angles of the fundamental beam from a mode-locked Nd:glass laser. The results agree well with the theoretical prediction of Bloembergen and Pershan. We have observed the existence of a nonlinear Brewster angle in a transparent medium.     

Influence of magnetic spin resonance in optically transparent magnets on the character of laser radiation

The influence of electron spin resonance on laser radiation from a crystal, one of whose end-faces has been cut at the Brewster angle, is examined. It is shown that modulation of the intensity and polarization of the generated light should hold for definite, critical values of the Faraday rotation angles. A change in the structure of the laser frequency modes also hence occurs. The critical values of the angles of rotation can be attained by altering the direction and magnitude of the external magnetizing field.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 35–39, April, 1973.     

Mean spin direction and spin squeezing in superpositions of spin coherent states

We consider the mean spin direction (MSD) of superpositions of two spin coherent states (SCS) | ± μ〉, and superpositions of | μ〉 and | μ*〉 with a relative phase. We find that the azimuthal angle exhibits a π transition for both states when we vary the relative phase. The spin squeezing of the states, and the bosonic counterpart of the mean spin direction are also discussed.      

Reflection of spin waves from a ferromagnetic multilayer with interfacial coupling of finite strength (reflection of spin waves from multilayer)

The reflection coefficient of bulk spin waves from a ferromagnetic multilayer with periodically modulated parameters of the exchange interaction, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the saturation magnetization (a magnonic crystal) is calculated. The dependence of the reflection coefficient upon the spin wave frequency and the values of the bias magnetic field, the parameter of interfacial coupling, and the internal structure of the unit cell are investigated.