Comparative investigation of the resistance and ability to trigger high voltage discharge for single and multiple femtosecond filaments in air

A comparative investigation of the resistance and ability to trigger high voltage(HV) discharge for a single filament(SF) and multiple filaments(MFs) has been carried out.The experimental results show that the trend of the breakdown threshold of the SF exactly follows that of its resistance,but this is not the case for the MF.The MF’s resistance is much smaller than the SF’s.However,the MF shows a slightly higher HV breakdown threshold than the SF.The underlying physics is that the measured resistance of the MF is collectively contributed by every filament in the MF while the HV breakdown threshold is determined by only one single discharging path.     

Triggering and guiding high-voltage discharge in air by single and multiple femtosecond filaments

The abilities to trigger and guide high-voltage discharge by using single and multiple filaments (MFs) are experimentally studied. It is shown that the discharge voltage threshold can be reduced significantly in both regimes of single and MF; however, the MF does not gain a larger reduction than a single filament. This behavior of the MF is attributed to the single discharge path rather than simultaneous multiple ones as one might expect during the discharge process.     

飞秒激光等离子体单丝导电性能的空间分辨研究

对飞秒激光等离子体单丝的导电性能进行空间分辨研究. 在消除测量时引入的接触电阻的影响后,得到单丝电阻在280-630 kΩ/cm范围. 为了进一步研究单丝的导电性能,对单丝诱导放电能力进行了空间分辨测量. 结果显示,最低放电阈值降低至自发放电的~50%. 从每段细丝的电阻和诱导放电阈值的空间分布看出:在成丝阶段,二者的变化趋势基本一致,细丝的电阻值和放电阈值均在焦点附近出现迅速下降. 将每段细丝的电阻和放电阈值相对应,建立了细丝诱导放电阈值-电阻的线性拟合关系,证实了细丝电阻对放电阈值的影响. 关键词： 飞秒激光 等离子体丝 电阻率 接触电阻     

Triggering of high voltage discharge by femtosecond laser filaments on different wavelengths

The triggering and guiding of high voltage discharge by plasma filaments generated by 400 nm and 800 nm femtosecond laser were studied experimentally. The detailed diagnostics for characteristics of filaments, such as amount of free electrons, diameter and electron density, were performed using sonographic method, fluorescence imaging and resistivity measurement. A significant reduction of the breakdown voltage threshold due to the pre-ionization of the air gap by laser pulse filaments was observed. It is shown that the 400 nm laser pulses demonstrated stronger triggering ability than 800 nm laser pulse under same pulse energy. This behavior of 400 nm femtosecond pulse is connected to the rich population of highly excited particles in filaments.     

飞秒激光成丝诱导Cu等离子体的温度和电子密度

研究了飞秒激光成丝诱导铜击穿光谱,利用光发射光谱对产生的铜等离子体光谱强度沿着丝长度进行了测量,获得了在不同样品与聚焦透镜间距离的Cu(I)的强度分布.结果显示,由于强度钳箍效应成丝诱导的光谱在较大的透镜样品间距离范围内有较强的辐射强度.另外,利用玻尔兹曼图和斯塔克展宽计算了整个成丝繁衍距离中Cu等离子体温度和电子密度.     

An improvement of high voltage power supply for pseudospark discharge

An analysis of the high voltage power supply removing the Pulse Forming Line (PFL) is presented in this paper. This is an important improvement to make a desktop free electron laser with about one meter length instead of an original device length of 5.5 meters and to realize other applications of the new beam source of pseudospark discharge at high voltage of 200kV and a current of 2kA.     

Triggering and guiding of high voltage discharge by using femtosecond laser filaments with different parameters

This paper demonstrates the triggering and guiding of the stationary high voltage (HV) discharges at 5--40 kV by using plasma filaments generated by femtosecond laser pulses in air. A significant reduction of the breakdown voltage threshold due to the pre-ionization of the air gap by laser filamentation is observed. The discharge experiments are performed by using laser pulses with different energy from 15--60 mJ. The electron density of filaments is detected by sonography method. The influence of the electron density of laser filaments on the triggering and guiding HV discharge is experimentally investigated. The results have shown that the behaviour of plasma filaments can strongly affect the efficiency of triggering and guiding HV discharge.     

强激光能源系统的Marx触发器

针对强激光能源系统对Marx触发器的输出性能和可靠性要求,介绍了一种六级的Marx触发器。通过采用多级低电感脉冲形成电路获得了高幅值、陡前沿的输出脉冲,运用实验与概率分析相结合的方法,确定了它的工作参数。实验研究结果表明:这种Marx触发器的误触发率和触发气体开关成功率均符合两参数的威布尔概率分布;当欠压比为65%、工作电压为13.5 kV、工作气压（绝压）为0.35 MPa时,能输出幅值120 kV、前沿20 ns的电压脉冲;该触发器能同时满足误触发率低于0.000 1%,正常触发成功率高于99.999 9%的技术要求。经过长时间现场运行测试,Marx触发器工作良好,无异常现象。     

强激光能源系统的Marx触发器

针对强激光能源系统对Marx触发器的输出性能和可靠性要求,介绍了一种六级的Marx触发器。通过采用多级低电感脉冲形成电路获得了高幅值、陡前沿的输出脉冲,运用实验与概率分析相结合的方法,确定了它的工作参数。实验研究结果表明：这种Marx触发器的误触发率和触发气体开关成功率均符合两参数的威布尔概率分布;当欠压比为65%、工作电压为13.5 kV、工作气压（绝压）为0.35 MPa时,能输出幅值120 kV、前沿20 ns的电压脉冲;该触发器能同时满足误触发率低于0.000 1%,正常触发成功率高于99.999 9%的技术要求。经过长时间现场运行测试,Marx触发器工作良好,无异常现象。     

杨树叶片的飞秒等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱研究

开展了杨树叶片的飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱研究, 定性比较分析了长春市区的第一汽车厂、火车站、净月潭公园及长春理工大学四个地理区域的杨树叶片中重金属元素Ca, Fe和Cr. 实验结果表明, 通过分析杨树叶片中Ca Ⅱ 393.37 nm和Fe Ⅰ 422.87 nm光谱谱线可知叶茎中Ca和Fe元素浓度均高于叶肉. 比较长春四个地理区域的杨树叶的飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱, 发现汽车厂附近的杨树叶内重金属Ca, Fe和Cr 元素浓度最高, 净月公园的杨树叶重金属浓度最低. 由于飞秒激光等离子体丝光强度的“光学钳箍”效应, 对于杨树叶片这种表面不平整样品, 仍可获得稳定性较好的等离子体光谱. 飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导光谱技术有望在环境污染在线检测具有广泛的潜在应用.     

空气中飞秒激光等离子体荧光辐射光谱研究

系统地研究了不同聚焦条件下飞秒激光空气等离子体的荧光辐射特性以及空间演化情况.在紧聚焦情况下,由于焦点附近比较高的激光强度以及比较高的电子密度,辐射光谱表现为连续谱和线状原子光谱的叠加.在弱聚焦情况下,辐射光谱主要由很多分子线谱组成,而没有观测到连续谱的产生.还研究了光谱谱线强度随激光传输距离的演化情况,结果显示,光谱谱线的强度变化在一定程度上间接反映了等离子体细丝的演化情况.     

基于混合大气传输模型的单脉冲高功率微波大气击穿理论与实验研究

综合考虑高功率微波强电场作用下的热致快速电子效应、碰撞频率、电离频率等充分体现高功率微波特性的参量模型,基于高功率微波混合大气传输模型,提出了单脉冲高功率微波混合大气统一非线性击穿模型,定义了单脉冲高功率微波击穿阈值.理论研究结果表明:考虑中性气体分子极化作用以及电子的碰撞热效应后,大气击穿时对应的等离子体频率明显变大;大气击穿阈值随高度的增加先逐渐减小然后增大,在30-60 km区域存在一个极小值.开展了X波段窄带高功率微波单脉冲大气击穿实验研究,得到了典型条件下的高功率微波击穿现象、波形和阈值,且与理论结果一致性较好.     

基于飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱探测土壤重金属Cr元素含量

本文基于飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱对土壤重金属Cr元素含量进行了实验研究.利用荧光法对等离子体丝的长度进行测量,给出了在不同焦距聚焦透镜作用下土壤中Cr425.5 nm的谱线强度空间分布,实验给出了Cr元素的定标曲线.实验结果表明,土壤中Cr元素浓度分析测量的相对标准偏差小于5%,土壤中重金属Cr元素的检测极限为7.85 ppm.表明飞秒激光等离子体丝诱导击穿光谱技术在土壤重金属Cr元素含量的定量探测方面是完全可行的.     

A comparison of single shot nanosecond and femtosecond polarization-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of Al

Aluminum samples have been analyzed by femtosecond polarization-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-PRLIBS). We compare the obtained spectra with those obtained from nanosecond PRLIBS (ns-PRLIBS). The main specific features of fs-PRLIBS are that a lower plasma temperature leads to a low level of continuum and no species are detected from the ambient gas. Furthermore, signals obtained by fs-PRLIBS show a higher stability than those of ns-PRLIBS. However, more elements are detected in the ns-PRLIBS spectra.     

高压串级延迟击穿开关在快前沿脉冲触发源中的应用

 报导了一种高压串级延迟击穿（DBD）开关在快脉冲触发源中的应用,介绍了脉冲源的电路结构和工作原理,并将DBD开关成功应用于快前沿脉冲触发源,获得了明显的脉冲陡化效果。串级DBD开关的级数为15级,直流击穿电压45 kV,脉冲工作电压60 kV,脉冲前沿由95 ns减小到21.5 ns,脉冲宽度50 ns。     

A novel 4H-SiC lateral bipolar junction transistor structure with high voltage and high current gain

In this paper, a novel structure of a 4H-SiC lateral bipolar junction transistor (LBJT) with a base field plate and double RESURF in the drift region is presented. Collector-base junction depletion extension in the base region is restricted by the base field plate. Thin base as well as low base doping of the LBJT therefore can be achieved under the condition of avalanche breakdown. Simulation results show that thin base of 0.32 μm and base doping of 3×1017 cm-3 are obtained, and corresponding current gain is as high as 247 with avalanche breakdown voltage of 3309 V when the drift region length is 30 μm. Besides, an investigation of a 4H-SiC vertical BJT (VBJT) with comparable breakdown voltage (3357 V) shows that the minimum base width of 0.25 μm and base doping as high as 8×1017 cm-3 contribute to a maximum current gain of only 128.     

单脉冲和多脉冲飞秒激光对单层光学薄膜的损伤

利用掺钛的蓝宝石飞秒激光系统输出的单脉冲和多脉冲飞秒激光(中心波长800 nm,脉宽50 fs,靶面聚焦直径Ф 40 μm),分别对BK7玻璃基底上厚约500 nm的单层HfO2和单层ZrO2薄膜进行辐照,得到了这两种薄膜在1-on-1和1 000-on-1测试方法下的激光损伤阈值。实验发现,两种方法下HfO2单层膜的阈值均比ZrO2单层膜的阈值高。从简化的Keldysh多光子离化理论出发,认为HfO2薄膜材料的带比ZrO2的宽是导致上述结果的主要原因。同时,同一种薄膜的多脉冲下的阈值比单脉冲下的低,原因是多脉冲下,飞秒激光对光学薄膜的损伤存在累积效应。     

低抖动快前沿重复频率高压脉冲触发源研制

给出了基于远程和本地两种控制方式,作为低抖动快前沿重复频率高压脉冲触发源系统的设计原理和方法。研制了一台重复频率为0.01～1 Hz、脉冲输出幅度为10～20 kV、前沿小于10 ns、脉宽大于500 ns以及抖动小于1 ns的高压脉冲触发源。设计上将程控和手动触发信号分别作为重复频率和单次预触发脉冲,驱动后级触发器绝缘栅双极型晶体管,经脉冲变压器变换后控制氢闸流管VE4141放电,实现输出高压脉冲。通过实验结果验证了所采用的设计原理及方法的可行性,给出了外触发脉冲情况下高压脉冲输出的实验结果。     

低抖动快前沿重复频率高压脉冲触发源研制

给出了基于远程和本地两种控制方式,作为低抖动快前沿重复频率高压脉冲触发源系统的设计原理和方法。研制了一台重复频率为0.01~1Hz、脉冲输出幅度为10~20kV、前沿小于10ns、脉宽大于500ns以及抖动小于1ns的高压脉冲触发源。设计上将程控和手动触发信号分别作为重复频率和单次预触发脉冲,驱动后级触发器绝缘栅双极型晶体管,经脉冲变压器变换后控制氢闸流管VE4141放电,实现输出高压脉冲。通过实验结果验证了所采用的设计原理及方法的可行性,给出了外触发脉冲情况下高压脉冲输出的实验结果。     

FDTD方法分析高功率微波对大气的电离与击穿

应用麦克斯韦方程和电子流体方程,利用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)计算模拟了高功率微波(HPM)对大气的电离与击穿;该方法用瞬时电场代替等效电场,时刻更新大气电离击穿过程中的电离频率和碰撞频率,消除了近似解析法未考虑大气电离击穿过程中电场幅度衰减而引起的误差,计算得到击穿阈值大小随海拔高度的变化趋势与文献所得的变化趋势相吻合,其值略大于近似解析解;并通过仿真计算分析了HPM脉冲幅值、脉宽以及海拔高度等参数对大气击穿的影响。