干涉式光纤陀螺中的Rayleigh散射研究

从光的干涉原理出发分析了Rayleigh背向散射对干涉式光纤陀螺性能的影响,得出了散射光强与光纤位置之间的关系式,绘制了散射光强与光纤中位置之间的关系曲线,得到了距离光纤的两个端点越远Rayleigh背向散射对光纤陀螺的性能影响越小的结论。研究结果对分析光纤陀螺的光路误差有一定的参考价值。     

Characterization of a concentric-core fiber

Abstract

Several optical properties of a concentric-core fiber are examined. These include attenuation, radiation patterns, pulse broadening, index profile, backscatter signatures, and capture fraction. Experimental techniques are briefly described, and the significance of the measured parameters is discussed.     

A two-dimensional CVIB imaging system with a speckle tracking algorithm

Quantitative ultrasound tissue characterization based on integrated backscatter (IB) has shown great potential in detecting myocardial ischemia. The magnitude of the cyclic variation in IB (CVIB) has been considered one promising parameter in assessing regional myocardial contractile performance. This lab has previously developed a novel ultrasonic fusion imaging method based on CVIB. However, the major problem for clinical applications of this technique is that the myocardial tissue could not be tracked effectively without cardiologist’s intervention. This paper introduced a speckle tracking method into the CVIB-weighted imaging system, called speckle tracking algorithm with adaptive window size (STAWAWS), to track myocardial tissue particle automatically. This method provides a way to obtain the particle’s positions frame by frame in a series of B-mode images. Then using the RF signals according to the particle’s positions the IB curve can be calculated to produce CVIB value. The method was applied on the experimental and clinical data cases’s analysis. The results of dog’s data processing showed that this method could eliminate the misunderstanding of myocardial ischemia especially near the endocardium. The results of clinical data suggested that this method had clinical significance in detecting ischemic myocardium. Though the CVIB-weighted images obtained by the use of this auto-tracking method can improve the accuracy of detecting myocardial ischemia, it is not real-time analysis and the clinical data cases are not sufficient. Further clinical validation is still needed in the future’ work.     

激光后向散射式大气能见度测量仪样机的研制

大气能见度的高精度、实时性探测对军事装备及军事活动起着重要作用.针对军事装备对能见度测量的实时、精确、仪器便携、功耗低、无合作目标的特殊要求,根据激光后向散射理论,研究了舰用探测大气能见度激光雷达样机的原理、系统组成及其软件实现,并进行了外场试验,试验结果表明样机误差在±20%以内.     

紫外激光雷达后向散射光强的模拟计算

根据瑞利散射和米散射理论建立了大气散射的模型,确定了米散射和瑞利散射的体角散射系数的计算公式,讨论了大气对激光任意方向的散射强度及散射光的偏振特性。对于波长为266nm的紫外光,通过仿真计算得到相应条件下的大气分子和气溶胶的后向散射系数及后向散射比,并对计算结果进行了分析。结果表明紫外波段具有散射强度大,抗干扰性强等优点,可以用于近距离的大气分子探测。通过对近距离探测大气的脉冲激光雷达的大气后向散射光强的仿真计算,合理的设置小孔光阑的参数,解决近端较强散射光的问题。这些仿真研究对紫外激光雷达系统的设计提供了指导。     

驱动激光束间相干性以及对背向散射影响的研究

早期的研究表明, 束匀滑技术能够有效地抑制高功率激光与等离子体相互作用中产生的各种参量不稳定性, 大大减少受激布里渊散射和受激拉曼散射. 但在NIF最近的实验研究中发现, 受激布里渊散射和受激拉曼散射份额远远高于预期, 原因可能与驱动激光束间的相干性有关. 本文利用"神光II"装置两路倍频纳秒激光辐照金平面靶, 研究了小口径取样情况下两者背向散射的能量和光谱在不同驱动激光相干条件下的变化情况. 初步结果表明, 激光束间存在着较强的相干性, 并且随着束间相干程度的增加, 背向散射也逐渐增强.     

骨小梁中超声背散射信号的频率分析及其微结构的估计

骨质疏松症是一种骨强度下降的全身性骨骼疾病,骨强度的下降是骨量减少和骨微结构退化的共同结果。相比于传统的超声透射方法,超声背散射法可提供更多的骨微结构信息,而对于松质骨结构的建模能有助于结构信息的获取。本文将骨小梁简化为单圆柱模型(圆柱状的单根骨小梁浸于骨髓中),并基于此模型对超声背散射与频率的关系进行分析。用铝线代替骨小梁做仿体实验,通过实验与理论结果的比较来验证单圆柱模型的可行性。     

距离选通成像系统分辨力模拟测试装置的设计

距离选通成像系统采用的是脉冲激光主动照明与ICCD选通技术相结合的方法。为了在室内模拟测试在一定大气条件下距离选通成像系统的分辨力,设计了一套模拟测试装置。以辐射传输理论为基础,建立了大气距离选通成像系统后向散射光和信号光的模型。该模型给出了后向散射光和信号光在光电阴极面上照度随时间的变化规律。采用两个模拟光源,分别模拟了信号光和后向散射光。采用阴极面等效辐射照度法,给出了模拟光源功率的方法。以S 20光电阴极的像增强器与CCD的耦合为例,计算了模拟光源的功率。     

Millimeter wave backscatter measurements in support of collision avoidance applications

Millimeter-wave short range radar systems have unique advantages in surface navigation applications, such as military vehicle mobility, aircraft landing assistance, and automotive collision avoidance. In collision avoidance applications, characterization of clutter due to terrain and roadside objects is necessary in order to maximize the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) and to minimize false alarms. The results of two types of radar cross section (RCS) measurements at 95 GHz are reported in this paper. The first set of measurements presents data on the normalized RCS (NRCS) as well as clutter distributions of various terrain types at low grazing angles of 5° and 7.5°. The second set of measurements presents RCS data and statistics on various types of roadside objects, such as metallic and wooden sign posts. These results are expected to be useful for designers of short-range millimeter-wave collision avoidance radar systems. Brett Snuttjer is presently an Air Force Lieutenant at Rome Laboratory, Rome, NY 13441     

水汽探测拉曼激光雷达的新型光谱分光系统设计与分析

提出并设计了一套新型的大气水汽和气溶胶探测用紫外域拉曼激光雷达系统, 以二向色镜和超窄带滤光片构成高效率拉曼光谱分光系统, 实现激光雷达大气回波信号中米-瑞利散射信号、 氮气和水汽的振动拉曼散射信号的精细分离和高效率提取. 利用美国标准大气的分子散射模型和实测的大气米散射信号模型, 对分光系统的米-瑞利散射信号的抑制率、大气水汽测量的信噪比和误差进行数值仿真设计. 搭建实验系统对西安地区夜间的大气水汽进行实验观测, 并利用有云天气下实测的激光雷达回波信号, 反演获得大气后向散射比和水汽混合比的相关特性, 验证了该拉曼光谱分光系统对米-瑞利信号的抑制率达到10^-7以上量级. 理论和实验结果表明, 设计的新型拉曼光谱分光系统可以在大气后向散射比为17时, 实现水汽探测误差小于15%, 满足拉曼激光雷达系统对大气水汽的高效率探测. 关键词： 拉曼激光雷达 水汽混合比 大气后向散射比     

检偏角对水中光脉冲后向散射特性的影响

水体自身对光脉冲有着较强的散射,这限制了水下目标探测的有效检测距离。利用偏振技术对近处水域散射信号进行抑制,有着极大的应用价值。实验探测和分析了探测系统检偏角不同时,水体对激光脉冲后向散射特性的影响。结果表明,检偏角不同时,光脉冲后向散射信号的前沿、后沿、脉宽、峰值、波形以及脉冲面积等特性都会发生变化;利用偏振技术可以有效地对近处水域的散射进行抑制。     

Effect of thermomechanical processing on the creep behaviour of Udimet alloy 188

Udimet alloy 188 was subjected to grain-boundary engineering involving thermomechanical processing in an attempt to improve the creep performance and determine the effects on creep deformation processes. The as-received sheet was cold-rolled to either 10, 25 or 35% reduction per pass followed by a solution treatment at 1191°C for 1 h plus air cooling. This sequence was repeated four times and the resultant microstructure and grain-boundary character distribution were described using electron backscatter diffraction. The fraction of general high-angle grain boundaries tended to increase with increased cold rolling. The 10 and 25% cold-rolled materials exhibited lower creep rates than the 35% cold-rolled material. The measured creep stress exponents and activation energies suggested that dislocation creep with lattice self-diffusion was dominant at 760°C for stresses ranging between 100 and 220 MPa. A transition in the creep exponent below the applied stresses of 100 MPa indicated that a different secondary creep mechanism was rate-controlling at low stresses. A significant amount of grain-boundary cracking was observed both on the surface and subsurface of deformed samples, but surface cracks were greater in number and size than those within the bulk. The cracking behaviour was similar in both vacuum and air environments, indicating that grain-boundary cracking was not caused by environment. To assess the mechanisms of crack nucleation, in situ scanning electron microscopy was performed during elevated-temperature (T ≤ 760°C) tensile-creep deformation. Sequential secondary electron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction orientation mapping were performed in situ to allow the evolution of crack nucleation and linkage to be followed. Cracking occurred preferentially along general high-angle grain boundaries and less than 15% of the cracks were found on low-angle grain boundaries and coincident site lattice boundaries. A fracture initiation parameter analysis was performed to identify the role of slip system interactions at the boundaries and their impact on crack nucleation. The parameter was successful in separating the population of intact and cracked general high-angle boundaries at lower levels of strain, but not after crack coalescence dominated the fracture process. The findings of this work have significant implications regarding grain-boundary engineering of this alloy and potentially for other alloy systems.     

无源标签反向散射调制性能的分析和测试

分析了无源超高频射频识别系统阅读器接收机获得最大有效吸收功率的标签侧条件,讨论阻抗失配对标签反向散射链路调制系数的影响,导出阅读器接收机归一化有效吸收功率、解调输出信号的信噪比下边界和接收端误码率三者的反向散射调制系数表达式.在开阔的室内环境下,完成了不同参数条件下的反向散射调制系数测试.测试研究表明,反向散射调制系数位于区间 时,标签可以被正确识别. 关键词： 射频识别 无源标签 反向散射调制 调制系数     

A stochastic model for backscattering on the sea

Backscattering of radar waves on the sea takes place even when there is no target. It appears as a noise which it is necessary to study in decision problems. Today, the model of a mixing of Gaussian for spectra seems widely agreed. In this paper, we show that it is equivalent to a mixing of monochromatic waves whose trajectories are time perturbed by Gaussian processes. In addition, this model explains linear variations of Doppler shifts and spectral widths with the emitted frequencies.     

神光Ⅲ原型装置的近背向散射光诊断系统

近背向散射光诊断系统的建立对于精密测量近背向散射光能量份额具有重要意义,它为惯性约束聚变物理实验激光能量与靶耦合效率参数提供了重要的数据支撑。介绍了神光Ⅲ原型装置的近背向散射光诊断系统,包括其主要功能、技术要求、光学设计与机械设计要点。该诊断系统以离轴椭球镜及靶室外的光学传递组为核心元件,具有灵活可靠的支撑和调节结构。在原型装置上使用该系统进行了打靶试验考核,结果表明该系统能进行稳定测量,数据结果符合预期。     

利用多角度海底反向散射信号进行地声参数估计

针对现有海底地声参数估计方法的不足,提出了利用相控参量阵浅地层剖面仪接收的多角度海底反向散射信号进行地声参数估计的方法,首先利用正下方和斜入射方向上沉积层上、下表面的差频反向散射信号进行沉积层厚度和声速估计,然后利用正下方沉积层上、下表面两个不同频率的差频信号的反向散射信号估计沉积层衰减系数,最后利用正下方沉积层上表面原频反向散射信号估计沉积层阻抗,计算沉积层密度从而解决和声速的耦合性,通过水池试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

X射线与影像增强器作用过程的蒙特卡罗研究

用蒙特卡罗方法研究了能量为（３０～１１０）ｋｅＶ的单能Ｘ射线在铁中的吸收及散射特性，给出了散射光子的角人布及背向向射光子的能量分布，结果表明，在入射Ｘ光子能量较低的情况下，背向散射光子主要是铁的特征Ｘ射线光子，随着入射能量的升高，背向散射光了中高能量的散射光子数增多，特征Ｘ光子数目迅速减少。     

On radar accuracy using beam wave in random media

The accuracy of radar detection is measured in this paper through comparing the laser radar cross-section (LRCS) to RCS data for plane-wave incidence in free space. This is to study the performance of backscattering enhancement from conducting targets with finite size. LRCS is calculated using beam wave incidence propagating in a random medium. Targets are of large size with relatively complex cross-sections. E-wave polarization is assumed for incident waves in continuous random media with different spatial coherency.     

光散射和消光参量对气溶胶折射系数的敏感性分析

利用米氏理论，对满足不同Ｊｕｎｇｅ谱型气溶胶的后向散射、消光以及两者之比对其折射系数实部和虚部的敏感性进行了数值计算，得出了有益的结论．     

Ultrasonic attenuation in pearlitic steel

Expressions for the attenuation coefficients of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves are developed for steel with pearlitic microstructure. This type of lamellar duplex microstructure influences attenuation because of the lamellar spacing. In addition, longitudinal attenuation measurements were conducted using an unfocused transducer with 10 MHz central frequency on the cross section of a quenched railroad wheel sample. The dependence of longitudinal attenuation on the pearlite microstructure is observed from the changes of longitudinal attenuation from the quenched tread surface to deeper locations. The results show that the attenuation value is lowest and relatively constant within the quench depth, then increases linearly. The experimental results demonstrate a reasonable agreement with results from the theoretical model. Ultrasonic attenuation provides an important non-destructive method to evaluate duplex microstructure within grains which can be implemented for quality control in conjunction with other manufacturing processes.