ICP–AES法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼的含量

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP–AES)法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼7种元素含量的方法。试样用盐酸与硝酸混合酸溶液溶解,采用溶解国家标准样品的方法制备校准曲线溶液,确定了元素最佳分析谱线。各元素的含量在其测试范围内与原子发射强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数不小于0.999,7种元素的检出限在0.000 3%~0.003 0%之间。该方法应用于铬镍不锈钢标准样品的测定,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.12%~1.15%之间(n=8)。应用于铬镍不锈钢样品测定时,加标回收率在90%~110%之间。该方法操作简便、迅速,可满足日常铬镍不锈钢中多元素含量的检测需要。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定废塑料表面涂层中8种元素的含量

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定废塑料表面涂层中8种元素的含量。考察了样品杯、基材以及金属涂层中元素效应对检测结果的影响。P、Si、Fe、Pb、Al、Cu、Cr和Ni的测定范围在0.002%~52.0%之间,检出限在0.000 2%~0.000 8%之间。采用本方法测定废塑料样品表面涂层中元素含量,结果与ICP-AES测定结果一致,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于1%。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法同时测定绞股蓝中4种微量元素

采用微波消解法,以HNO3-H2O2对样品进行处理,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定了绞股蓝中的铁、锰、铜、锌4种微量元素。结果表明,所测样品中的元素含量按铁、锰、锌、铜顺序递减,各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差在1.0%~3.8%之间,回收率在88%~97%之间。方法简单,有实用意义。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定PM2.5中的重金属元素

采集环境空气细颗粒物(PM2.5)样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定PM2.5中10种重金属元素的方法。样品经5%HNO_3超声浸提,过滤后,用ICP-MS测定。结果表明:10种重金属元素的检出限在0.030μg/L~0.13μg/L之间;线性关系良好,精密度为0.82%~4.3%,回收率为80.1%~113.0%。该方法快速、准确,可用于PM2.5中重金属元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氮化钒铁中8种杂质元素

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氮化钒铁中8种杂质元素(铝、铬、镁、锰、磷、钾、钠、硅)的含量。利用X射线荧光光谱法对氮化钒铁进行半定量分析,根据所得结果进行基体匹配,配制标准溶液,制作工作曲线,并用ICP-AES对样品中上述8种元素进行定量测定。试验选择此8种元素的分析线依次为236.705,205.560,285.213,279.079,213.618,769.896,330.298,256.611nm。方法用于生产样品的分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.29%~4.5%之间。加标回收率在96.0%~105%之间。     

试样微波助溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定固体废物中17种元素的含量

提出了微波酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定固体废物中17种元素的方法。取固体废物样品0.1~0.2g(称准至±0.1mg)加入硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸-过氧化氢(4+1+1+1)混合液7mL,于175℃微波消解20min,将消解液于150℃蒸发至近干,加水溶解残渣并定容至50mL。取固体废物浸出液25.00mL,加入硝酸-盐酸(4+1)混合酸5mL,于165℃微波消解10min后,按上述手续处理后作为样液。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定上述两类样液中17种元素。各元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在4.5%~12%之间(固体样品)和0.4%~15%之间(浸出液样品);加标回收率分别在89.1%~116%和82.4%~113%之间。按所提出方法分析了一个CRM(TCLPlot#7044-52,ISS1),测定值与认定值一致。     

ICP-MS/ICP-AES法分析成年男性血清中18种元素含量参照值

运用ICP-MS和ICP-AES法同时分析丹东某硼矿周围人群血清中18种元素的含量水平。样品经过双氧水-纯化硝酸体系消解,采用稀释分析及双内标铑(Rh)和铼(Re)进行校正。该法最低检出限能满足血清样品的分析要求,多数元素回收率在95%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.9%~10.8%之间。按照95%置信区间进行数据筛选,选出125人的数据统计分析,并与国内外其它研究结果进行比较。结果表明,采用该方法对血清中元素的分析结果可以作为当地成年男性血清中元素含量的参照值。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铅泥中的Sn元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铅泥中Sn元素定量分析方法。采用Na2O2熔解样品,通过试验确定了最佳工作条件。实验结果表明方法的检出限为0.2μg/mL,加标回收率在95.0%~104.0%之间,相对标准偏差在1.6%~2.8%之间。该方法准确、快速,适用于日常分析对铅泥中锡元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钾长石矿中的多种元素

以碳酸钠-四硼酸钠为助熔剂在950℃下熔融钾长石矿样品,熔融物用盐酸(3+7)溶液加热溶解后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对钾长石中所含元素进行定性和定量分析。钾长石矿中至少含有11种元素,对其中含量较多的钾、铝、硅、钙、镁、钛、钡和锰等8种元素进行了测定,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=4)在0.68%~4.5%之间,加标回收率在90.9%~109%之间。     

全蝎中4种微量元素的形态分析

对中药全蝎中铜、锌、铁和镁4种微量元素存在的形态及含量进行了研究。文中叙述了全蝎样品中元素的各种形态(可溶态、悬浮态、无机态、有机态)的提取方法和分离,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了各试液中4种微量元素的含量。结果显示,全蝎中4种元素的总提取率在39.9%~63.2%之间,浸留比在73.6%~126.0%之间,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在10%左右,铜、锌、铁、镁的有机态与无机态的比例在250.0%~550.0%之间。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。