Configurations of limit cycles in Liénard equations

We show that every finite configuration of disjoint simple closed curves in the plane is topologically realizable as the set of limit cycles of a polynomial Liénard equation. The related vector field X is Morse–Smale. Moreover it has the minimum number of singularities required for realizing the configuration in a Liénard equation. We provide an explicit upper bound on the degree of X, which is lower than the results obtained before, obtained in the context of general polynomial vector fields.     

Limit cycles near hyperbolas in quadratic systems

In this paper we introduce the notion of infinity strip and strip of hyperbolas as organizing centers of limit cycles in polynomial differential systems on the plane. We study a strip of hyperbolas occurring in some quadratic systems. We deal with the cyclicity of the degenerate graphics DI2a from the programme, set up in [F. Dumortier, R. Roussarie, C. Rousseau, Hilbert's 16th problem for quadratic vector fields, J. Differential Equations 110 (1994) 86-133], to solve the finiteness part of Hilbert's 16th problem for quadratic systems. Techniques from geometric singular perturbation theory are combined with the use of the Bautin ideal. We also rely on the theory of Darboux integrability.     

Limit cycles, invariant meridians and parallels for polynomial vector fields on the torus

We study the polynomial vector fields of arbitrary degree in R³ having the 2-dimensional torus invariant by their flow. We characterize all the possible configurations of invariant meridians and parallels that these vector fields can exhibit. Furthermore we analyze when these invariant either meridians or parallels can be limit cycles.     

多项式系统的类旋转向量场

构造了一类依赖于某一参数δ的多项式系统,位于此系统的向量场中的多个相邻的单重极限环可以随δ的单调变化而同时扩大(或缩小),不过这时极限环的扩大(或缩小)不一定是单调的.由于这种向量场类似于旋转向量,故称此系统的这些极限环关于δ形成“类旋转向量场”,它们可以作为研究重环和分界线环分支的一种有效工具.     

On the number of limit cycles in small perturbations of a class of hyper-elliptic Hamiltonian systems with one nilpotent saddle

In this paper, we make a complete study on small perturbations of Hamiltonian vector field with a hyper-elliptic Hamiltonian of degree five, which is a Liénard system of the form x^′=y, y^′=Q₁(x)+εyQ₂(x) with Q₁ and Q₂ polynomials of degree respectively 4 and 3. It is shown that this system can undergo degenerated Hopf bifurcation and Poincaré bifurcation, which emerges at most three limit cycles in the plane for sufficiently small positive ε. And the limit cycles can encompass only an equilibrium inside, i.e. the configuration (3,0) of limit cycles can appear for some values of parameters, where (3,0) stands for three limit cycles surrounding an equilibrium and no limit cycles surrounding two equilibria.     

Bifurcations of limit cycles in a Z 4-equivariant quintic planar vector field

In this paper, a Z4-equivariant quintic planar vector field is studied. The Hopf bifurcation method and polycycle bifurcation method are combined to study the limit cycles bifurcated from the compounded cycle with 4 hyperbolic saddle points. It is found that this special quintic planar polynomial system has at least four large limit cycles which surround all singular points. By applying the double homoclinic loops bifurcation method and Hopf bifurcation method, we conclude that 28 limit cycles with two different configurations exist in this special planar polynomial system. The results acquired in this paper are useful for studying the weakened 16th Hilbert＇s Problem.     

Note on a paper of J. Llibre and G. Rodríguez concerning algebraic limit cycles

In a recent paper of Llibre and Rodríguez (J. Differential Equations 198 (2004) 374-380) it is proved that every configuration of cycles in the plane is realizable (up to homeomorphism) by a polynomial vector field of degree at most 2(n+r)-1, where n is the number of cycles and r the number of primary cycles (a cycle C is primary if there are no other cycles contained in the bounded region limited by C). In this letter we prove the same theorem by using an easier construction but with a greater polynomial bound (the vector field we construct has degree at most 4n-1). By using the same technique we also construct R³ polynomial vector fields realizing (up to homeomorphism) any configuration of limit cycles which can be linked and knotted in R³. This answers a question of R. Sverdlove.     

Non-nested configuration of algebraic limit cycles in quadratic systems

This work deals with algebraic limit cycles of planar polynomial differential systems of degree two. More concretely, we show among other facts that a quadratic vector field cannot possess two non-nested algebraic limit cycles contained in different irreducible invariant algebraic curves.     

Bifurcation and Isochronicity at Infinity in a Class of Cubic Polynomial Vector Fields

In this paper, we study the appearance of limit cycles from the equator and isochronicity of infinity in polynomial vector fields with no singular points at infinity. We give a recursive formula to compute the singular point quantities of a class of cubic polynomial systems, which is used to calculate the first seven singular point quantities. Further, we prove that such a cubic vector field can have maximal seven limit cycles in the neighborhood of infinity. We actually and construct a system that has seven limit cycles. The positions of these limit cycles can be given exactly without constructing the Poincare cycle fields. The technique employed in this work is essentially different from the previously widely used ones. Finally, the isochronous center conditions at infinity are given.     

The 16th Hilbert problem on algebraic limit cycles

For real planar polynomial differential systems there appeared a simple version of the 16th Hilbert problem on algebraic limit cycles: Is there an upper bound on the number of algebraic limit cycles of all polynomial vector fields of degree m? In [J. Llibre, R. Ramírez, N. Sadovskaia, On the 16th Hilbert problem for algebraic limit cycles, J. Differential Equations 248 (2010) 1401-1409] Llibre, Ramírez and Sadovskaia solved the problem, providing an exact upper bound, in the case of invariant algebraic curves generic for the vector fields, and they posed the following conjecture: Is1+(m−1)(m−2)/2the maximal number of algebraic limit cycles that a polynomial vector field of degree m can have?In this paper we will prove this conjecture for planar polynomial vector fields having only nodal invariant algebraic curves. This result includes the Llibre et al.?s as a special one. For the polynomial vector fields having only non-dicritical invariant algebraic curves we answer the simple version of the 16th Hilbert problem.     

On the 16th Hilbert problem for limit cycles on nonsingular algebraic curves

We give an upper bound for the maximum number N of algebraic limit cycles that a planar polynomial vector field of degree n can exhibit if the vector field has exactly k nonsingular irreducible invariant algebraic curves. Additionally we provide sufficient conditions in order that all the algebraic limit cycles are hyperbolic. We also provide lower bounds for N.     

Finite polynomial orbits in finitely generated domains

LetR be a commutative domain of zero characteristic and letf(X) be a polynomial with coefficients inR. It is shown that all finite orbits inR. under the mapping induced byR have their cardinalities bounded by a constant depending onR but not onf. In the case whenR is the ring of all integers in an algebraic number field this constant is effectively determined.     

The energy of Hopf vector fields

The 3-dimensional Hopf vector field is shown to be a stable harmonic section of the unit tangent bundle. In contrast, higher dimensional Hopf vector fields are unstable harmonic sections; indeed, there is a natural variation through smooth unit vector fields which is locally energy-decreasing, and whose asymptotic limit is a singular vector field of finite energy. This energy is explicitly calculated, and conjectured to be the infimum of the energy functional over all smooth unit vector fields. Received: 17 March 1999     

POLYNOMIAL INVERSE INTEGRATING FACTORS

1IntroductionWeconsiderinthispapertwo-dimensionalautonomoussystemsofdifferentialequationsoftheformwhere'=2,p(x,y)andQ(x,y)arepolynomials,i.e.wherePh(x,y)andoh(x,y)arehomogeneouspolynomialsofdegreek.Thetwofundamentalproblemsofthequalitativetheoryofsystem(1)aretheproblemofthecenterandthedeterminationofthenumberoflimitcyclesandtheirlocationinphasespace.Inrecentworksithasbeenshownthataunifiedmethodcanbeusedtostudytheseproblems[2],[3],[4],[6],[8]and[12](andreferencestherein).Themethodisbasedonthed…     

Estimating the number of limit cycles in polynomials systems

We describe a method based on algorithms of computational algebra for obtaining an upper bound for the number of limit cycles bifurcating from a center or a focus of polynomial vector field. We apply it to a cubic system depending on six parameters and prove that in the generic case at most six limit cycles can bifurcate from any center or focus at the origin of the system.     

Vertical sectional curvature and K-contactness

We prove that a contact form with riemannian characteristic flow is K-contact. We also present a purely riemannian hypothesis which implies the existence of a K-contact form with a prescribed unit Killing vector field as characteristic vector field. Our hypothesis is weaker than that previously presented by Hatakeyama, Ogawa and Tanno.     

The applied geometry of a general Liénard polynomial system

In this work, applying a canonical system with field rotation parameters and using geometric properties of the spirals filling the interior and exterior domains of limit cycles, we solve the limit cycle problem for a general Liénard polynomial system with an arbitrary (but finite) number of singular points.     

Invariant circles for homogeneous polynomial vector fields on the 2-dimensional sphere

LexX be a homogeneous polynomial vector field of degreen≥3 on S² having finitely many invariant circles. Then, for such a vector fieldX we find upper bounds for the number of invariant circles, invariant great circles, invariant circles intersecting at a same point and parallel circles with the same director vector. We give examples of homogeneous polynomial vector fields of degree 3 on S² having finitely many invariant circles which are not great circles, which are limit cycles, but are not great circles and invariant great circles that are limit cycles. Moreover, for the casen=3 we determine the maximum number of parallel invariant circles with the same director vector. The authors are partially supported by a MCYT grant BFM2002-04236-C02-02 and by a CIRIT grant number 2001SGR 00173.     

Sufficient conditions for the existence of at least n or exactly n limit cycles for the Liénard differential systems

In this paper we study the limit cycles of the Liénard differential system of the form , or its equivalent system , . We provide sufficient conditions in order that the system exhibits at least n or exactly n limit cycles.