Coercive singular perturbations II: Reduction and convergence

An algebra of pseudodifferential singular perturbations is introduced. It provides a constructive machinery in order to reduce an elliptic singularly perturbed operator (in $\text{R}$ⁿ or on a smooth manifold without border) to a regular perturbation. The technique developed is applied to some singularly perturbed boundary value problems as well. Special attention is given to a singular perturbation appearing in the linear theory of thin elastic plates. A Wiener-Hopf-type operator containing the small parameter reduces this singular perturbation to a regular one. It also gives rise to a natural recurrence process for the construction of high-order asymptotic formulae for the solution of the perturbed problem. The method presented can be extended to the general coercive singular perturbations.     

Asymptotic expansions using blow-up

The method of matched asymptotic expansions and geometric singular perturbation theory are the most common and successful approaches to singular perturbation problems. In this work we establish a connection between the two approaches in the context of the simple fold problem. Using the blow-up technique [5], [12] and the tools of geometric singular perturbation theory we derive asymptotic expansions of slow manifolds continued beyond the fold point. Our analysis explains the structure of the expansion and gives an algorithm for computing its coefficients.     

Asymptotic expansions using blow-up

The method of matched asymptotic expansions and geometric singular perturbation theory are the most common and successful approaches to singular perturbation problems. In this work we establish a connection between the two approaches in the context of the simple fold problem. Using the blow-up technique [5], [12] and the tools of geometric singular perturbation theory we derive asymptotic expansions of slow manifolds continued beyond the fold point. Our analysis explains the structure of the expansion and gives an algorithm for computing its coefficients.*Research supported by the Austrian Science Foundation under grant Y 42-MAT.Received: February 1, 2001; revised: November 22, 2002     

Perturbation singulière d'un problème de frottement sec non monotone

In this Note we deal with a singularly perturbed system constituted by a differential inclusion which has a unique solution for each value of the perturbation parameter. The associated degenerated problem, that corresponds to a dynamic dry friction problem, has many solutions. We show that perturbed problem solutions converge to a particular solution of the degenerated problem when the perturbation parameter goes to zero. The singular perturbation approach allows an analysis of a criterion used to select a solution of the degenerated problem, and suggests a method to study more elaborated dry friction problems.     

水星近日点进动的建模与摄动解

本文针对水星近日点进动现象 ,结合广义相对论建立了奇摄动微分方程模型 ,并运用多重尺度法 ,求出了一般行星进动问题的摄动解 ,从而很好的解释了水星进动之谜和一般行星的进动问题 .     

Fredholm theory for pairs of closed subspaces of a Banach space

We study the Fredholm theory for pairs of closed subspaces of a Banach space developed by Kato. We define the strictly singular and the strictly cosingular pairs of subspaces, and we show that some of the results of operator theory can be extended to this context. However, there are some notable differences. On the one hand, the perturbation classes problem has a positive answer in this context: the upper and lower semi-Fredholm pairs are stable under strictly singular and strictly cosingular perturbations, respectively, and this stability characterizes the strictly singular and the strictly cosingular pairs. Note that it has been proved recently that the perturbation classes problem for continuous semi-Fredholm operators has a negative answer. On the other hand, unlike in the case of operators, the Fredholm pairs are not stable under perturbation by strictly singular or strictly cosingular pairs. We also show the stability under composition of the compact, the strictly singular and the strictly cosingular pairs of subspaces.     

广义特征值的Wilkinson条件数

1．引言H．Weyl于1912年证明了下述结果［1］．Weyl定理．设人B为nxn．Hermite矩阵，特征值分别为入λl≥λ2≥…≥λn和以1三v2三…三on，那么人一nilsilA—Bll。，；＝l，2，…，。，其中11112为矩阵的谱范数。这条定理已成为矩阵扰动理论中的标准结果，被推广到奇异值问题、广义特征值问题、广义奇异值问题［2］，所得结果可通称为W6yl型定理，在矩阵分析和矩阵计算中有广泛而重要的应用．我们注意到，就实际应用而言，使用稳定算法而得到的计算结果的精度分析问题，可以转化为小扰动情形下的扰动分析．此时。B是A的某个邻近矩阵，而…     

奇摄动线性代数方程组及其对病态方程的应用

本文首先从一个曲柄导杆机构的优化问题提出了含小参数线性代数方程组的奇摄动问题。然后利用摄动方法证明了这个问题解的存在唯一性,同时给出了解的渐近展开和误差估计。最后讨论了所得结果对求解病态方程的应用。     

Generalized impedance boundary conditions for the maxwell equations as singular perturbations problems

In this paper the Maxwell equations in an exterior domain with generalaized impedance boundary conditions of Engquist-Nédélec are considered. The particular form of the assumed boundary conditions can be considered to be a singular perturbation of the Dirichlet boundary conditions. The convergence of the solution of the Maxwell equations with these generalized impedance boundary conditions to that of the corresponding Dirichlet problem is proven. The proof uses a new integral equations method combined with results dealing with singular perturbation problems of a class of pseudo-differential operators.     

A review on some contributions to perturbation theory, singular limits and well-posedness

In the beginning of the 1990s we devoted a sequence of papers to perturbation theory, singular limits and well-posedness problems. In particular, the strong well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problem for the compressible Euler equations was demonstrate for the first time. Our method also allowed singular limit results in the strong norm, even under assumptions weaker than the current ones in the literature (where the strong norm is not reached). It is worth noting that, until now, the above method and results have not been substantially improved. Hence an introduction to it still looks timely. Actually, in a forthcoming paper, by returning to this method, we improve (in a very substantial way) some important results recently appeared in the literature.     

Singular perturbation analysis of bistable differential equation arising in the nerve pulse propagation

This paper deals with the numerical analysis of time dependent parabolic partial differential equation. The equation has bistable nonlinearity and models electrical activity in a neuron. A qualitative analysis of the model is performed by means of a singular perturbation theory. A small parameter is introduced in the highest order derivative term. This small parameter is known as singular perturbation parameter. Boundary layers occur in the solution of singularly perturbed problems when the singular perturbation parameter tend to zero. These boundary layers are located in neighbourhoods of the boundary of the domain, where the solution has a very steep gradient. Most of the conventional methods fails to capture this effect. A numerical scheme is constructed to overcome this discrepancy in literature. A rigorous analysis is carried out to obtain a-priori estimates on the solution of the problem and its derivatives. It is then proven that the numerical method is unconditionally stable. Convergence and stability analysis is carried out. A set of numerical experiment is carried out and it is observed that the scheme faithfully mimics the dynamics of the model.     

Kinks and rotations in long Josephson junctions

Kinks and rotations are studied in long Josephson junctions for small and large surface losses. Geometric singular perturbation theory is used to prove existence for small surface losses, while numerical continuation is necessary to handle large surface losses. A survey of the system behaviour in terms of dissipation parameters and bias current is given. Linear orbital stability for kinks is proved for small surface losses by calculating the spectrum of the linearized problem. The spectrum is split into essential spectrum and discrete spectrum. For the determination of the discrete spectrum, robustness of exponential dichotomies is used. Puiseux series together with perturbation theory for linear operators are an essential tool. In a final step, a smooth Evans function together with geometric singular perturbation theory is used to count eigenvalues. For kinks, non‐linear orbital stability is shown. For this purpose, the asymptotic behaviour of a semigroup is given and the theory of centre and stable manifolds is applied. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytic perturbation of generalized inverses

We investigate the analytic perturbation of generalized inverses. Firstly we analyze the analytic perturbation of the Drazin generalized inverse (also known as reduced resolvent in operator theory). Our approach is based on spectral theory of linear operators as well as on a new notion of group reduced resolvent. It allows us to treat regular and singular perturbations in a unified framework. We provide an algorithm for computing the coefficients of the Laurent series of the perturbed Drazin generalized inverse. In particular, the regular part coefficients can be efficiently calculated by recursive formulae. Finally we apply the obtained results to the perturbation analysis of the Moore–Penrose generalized inverse in the real domain.     

一类带小时滞的非线性快慢系统的渐近解

研究了一类带小时滞的非线性快慢系统的初始值问题,在一定假设条件下,利用奇异摄动理论和校正函数法构造了该问题的形式渐近解,并利用微分不等式理论证明了渐近解的一致有效性.最后进行了算例分析,结果显示时滞能对快慢系统产生重要影响,并表明所述摄动方法是一个行之有效的近似解析方法.从而,可以利用得到的渐近解对系统的动力学行为进行更深层次地分析与研究.     

一类分数阶非线性时滞问题的奇摄动

讨论了一类奇异摄动非线性分数阶时滞问题.首先利用奇异摄动方法求出了问题的外部解.再利用伸展变量法构造了问题在边界附近的两个边界层校正项,得出了所提问题的形式渐近解.最后,在合适的假设条件下,利用微分不等式理论证明了解的一致有效性,并给出了结论及未来的研究方向.     

One-dimensional steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck systems for ion channels with multiple ion species

The one-dimensional Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system is a basic model for ion flow through membrane channels. If the Debye length is much smaller than the characteristic radius of the channel, the PNP system can be treated as a singularly perturbed system. We provide a geometric framework for the study of the steady-state PNP system involving multiple types of ion species with multiple regions of piecewise constant permanent charge. Special structures of this particular problem are revealed, which together with the general framework allows one to reduce the existence and multiplicity of singular orbits to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Near each singular orbit, an application of the exchange lemma from the geometric singular perturbation theory gives rise to the existence and (local) uniqueness of a solution of the singular boundary value problem. A new phenomenon on multiplicity and spatial behavior of steady-states involving three or more types of ion species is discovered in an example. (The phenomenon cannot occur when only two types of ion species are involved.)     

Traveling Epizootic Waves of a Fox Rabies Model with Small Spatial Diffusion

In this paper, to describe the spread of fox rabies, a degenerate SEI epidemic model with small spatial diffusion equipped by infectious foxes due to rabies is investigated. In particular, the existence of traveling waves is established by the geometric singular perturbation theory for the larger speeds, while the non-existence of traveling wave is still derived for the smaller speeds. Moreover, some numerical simulations are implemented to illustrate the propagation dynamics driven by traveling waves.     

On sensitive elliptic singular perturbation problems and logarithmic oscillations: the case of shells with edges

This work deals with singular perturbation problems depending on small positive parameter ?. The limit problem as ? → 0 has no solution within the classical theory of PDEs, which uses distribution theory. A very particular and less‐known phenomenon appears: large oscillations. These problems exhibit some kind of instability; very small and smooth variations of the data imply large singular perturbations of the solution. That kind of problems appears in elasticity for highly compressible two‐dimensional bodies and thin shells with elliptic middle surface with a part of the boundary free. Here, we consider certain properties of that oscillations and extend the theory to shells with edges. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Realizing nonholonomic dynamics as limit of friction forces

The classical question whether nonholonomic dynamics is realized as limit of friction forces was first posed by Carathéodory. It is known that, indeed, when friction forces are scaled to infinity, then nonholonomic dynamics is obtained as a singular limit.Our results are twofold. First, we formulate the problem in a differential geometric context. Using modern geometric singular perturbation theory in our proof, we then obtain a sharp statement on the convergence of solutions on infinite time intervals. Secondly, we set up an explicit scheme to approximate systems with large friction by a perturbation of the nonholonomic dynamics. The theory is illustrated in detail by studying analytically and numerically the Chaplygin sleigh as an example. This approximation scheme offers a reduction in dimension and has potential use in applications.     

Wave Equation Driven by Fractional Generalized Stochastic Processes

Fractional derivatives of generalized stochastic processes have the global properties and keep the memory of their own. They are applicable for processes with memory. We employ them in solving equations driven by fractional derivatives of singular noises and singular initial data. We work on the perturbation of the wave equation by fractional time and space derivatives of generalized processes, in particular with Wiener process and a nonlinear term. The Wiener process is used to represent the integral of a Gaussian white noise process, and so is useful as a model of noise in electronics engineering, instrument errors in filtering theory and unknown forces in control theory.