分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中环氧七氯

向已加入100mg氯化钠的5.0mL水样中加入由20.0μL四氯乙烯、1.0mL丙酮混合而成的分散微萃取溶液,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定萃取相中环氧七氯的含量。在气相色谱分离中采用DB-5ms石英毛细管色谱柱,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。环氧七氯的质量浓度在0.5～200μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.1μg·L~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为81.6%～97.4%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为4.6%～7.2%。     

分散液液微萃取分离-气相色谱法测定水中7种苯系物的含量

提出了分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中苯系物的方法。取水样10.00 mL,以100μL二硫化碳为萃取剂、0.50mL甲醇为分散剂进行分散液液微萃取,萃取过程可在30s以内完成,富集倍数达100左右。离心后取下层二硫化碳溶液进行色谱测定,使用大口径毛细管柱不分流进样模式,氢火焰离子检测器(FID)检测。7种苯系物的质量浓度在0.002 0~1.00mg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.5~0.6μg·L-1。在3种浓度水平下进行加标试验,测得的回收率为87.0%~101%,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于8.5%。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定鱼塘水中24种农药

采用分散液液微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法同时快速测定鱼塘水中24种常见农药。在水样5.00mL中快速加入乙醇1.0mL、四氯乙烯30μL,形成乳浊液,静置5min后,以4 000r·min~(-1)转速离心5min,有机相在VF-5MS毛细管色谱柱上分离,质谱分析中选择电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式。24种农药的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.33~7.45μg·L~(-1)之间。加标回收率在72.4%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.7%~13%之间。该方法成功应用于鱼塘投毒案件中硫丹α、硫丹β和甲氰菊酯的检测。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定墨水中的16种多环芳烃

采用液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定墨水中的16种多环芳烃。样品经二氯甲烷液液萃取后,使用固相萃取技术进行纯化。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。16种多环芳烃在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在5.0~30μg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在60.6%~116%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%~5.3%之间。     

低温富集液液萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水样中15种农药残留

利用低温冷冻条件下农药在水相和有机相之间达到新的传质平衡,建立了低温富集液液萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法同时测定水样中15种有机磷、有机氯及菊酯类农药的方法。通过对样品前处理中的溶剂选择、冷冻温度及冷冻时间的优化,最终确定的样品前处理条件为:萃取溶剂为甲苯2.0 mL;冷冻温度-40℃;冷冻时间1h。15种农药的检出限(3S/N)在0.005~0.02μg·L-1范围,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02~0.07μg·L-1。方法用于水样中农药的分析,加标回收率在78.8%~124%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.9%~9.1%之间。     

固相萃取-在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-质谱法测定豆芽中53种农药残留量

采用固相萃取-在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-质谱法测定豆芽中53种农药残留量。豆芽样品以乙酸-乙腈(1+99)混合液提取,固相萃取小柱净化,采用在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱分离,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。53种农药的质量浓度均在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限在0.1~6.0μg·kg-1之间。在20,50,100μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在72.3%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~6.6%之间。     

在线液相-气相二维色谱-质谱联用法测定烟用香精和料液中苯并[a]芘的含量

样品10.0g,加水10mL稀释,加0.100g·L-1 D12-苯并[a]芘内标溶液200μL,加环己烷10mL,以20 000r·min-1速率漩涡振荡萃取5min。提取液直接进入液相色谱,经微型硅胶柱分离净化,含苯并[a]芘的部位切割进入气相色谱,经毛细管柱分离后进入质谱分析,采用选择离子监测模式(SIM)进行测定。苯并[a]芘的质量浓度在0.08~50ng·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.12ng·g-1,在3个不同浓度水平上进行了回收试验,回收率在92.7%~98.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3.2%~3.7%之间。     

分散固相萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定玉米和大米中氟虫腈及其代谢物的残留

建立了分散固相萃取-分散液液微萃取与气相色谱/质谱联用测定玉米和大米中痕量氟虫腈及其代谢物残留的分析方法。使用乙腈和水混合溶液作为萃取溶剂,盐析后,提取液经N-丙基-乙二胺硅烷固相萃取材料(PSA)作为吸附剂后,采用分散液液微萃取步骤将目标物从到微量四氯乙烯中。对影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取溶剂种类及体积、盐等条件进行了优化。在0.02~1μg/m L浓度范围内,线性关系良好(r≥0.9987)。在玉米和大米样品中氟虫腈添加浓度为1.0~25.0μg/g时,平均回收率在70.4%~95.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.6%~12%之间,以最低添加浓度1μg/kg作为定量限。     

顶空-固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法快速分析海水中13种苯系物

建立了同时测定海水中常见的13种痕量苯系物(BTEX)的顶空-固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)检测方法。利用涂有100μm Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)涂层的萃取头顶空萃取海水样品,GC-MS检测和外标定量法对目标物进行分析。实验对萃取纤维头的类型、萃取温度、萃取时间、解吸时间、样品体积等主要萃取条件进行了优化。在优化萃取条件下,13种苯系物的线性范围为0.16~32μg/L,相关系数为0.999 0~1.000 0,检出限为0.006~0.043μg/L。在3个加标水平(0.16、1.6、16μg/L)下,海水样品中13种苯系物的回收率为80.0%~117%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.0%~5.6%。该方法前处理简便易行、灵敏度高,为海水中痕量苯系物的检测提供了一种简便、快捷、环保的测定方法。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中阿特拉津

应用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中阿特拉津的含量。土壤样品采用索氏提取,硅胶固相萃取小柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用TR-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子检测模式。阿特拉津的质量浓度在5.00~200μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限为0.32ng·g-1。加标回收率在88.2%~90.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为4.8%。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。