New C21 steroidal glycoside from Cynanchum paniculatum

A new C21 steroidal glycoside, neocynapanogenin F 3-O-β-D-thevetoside 1, as well as its known aglycone neocynapanogenin F 2, which have an aberrant 13, 14:14, 15-disecopregnane-type skeleton were isolated from the root of Cynanchum paniculatum.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. These compounds showed certain cytotoxic activities invitro.     

Polyhydroxypregnane Glycosides from the Roots of Cynanchum otophyllum

Six new polyhydroxypregnane glycosides, namely cynotophyllosides A–F ( 1 – 6 ), together with five known steroids, were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum otophyllum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (especially 2D‐NMR techniques) and acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis. Furthermore, high field 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments were employed to elucidate the structure of 8 previously deduced only on the basis of LC/MS data.     

滇紫草及露蕊滇紫草的氨基酸和元素分析

为分析滇紫草及露蕊滇紫草中的氨基酸和元素含量，将样品用酸处理后，采用氨基酸分析仪及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪进行了测定。结果表明，两种紫草含有18种氨基酸及14种元素。可见滇紫草及露蕊滇紫草问氨基酸和元素含量没有重大的差异。     

高效阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法分析糖类化合物影响因素的研究

研究了高效阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法分离测定糖类化合物的一些影响因素。这些因素包括NaOH淋洗液浓度、色谱柱温度和积分脉冲安培检测的采样电位。实验用AminoPac PA10阴离子交换柱分离糖类化合物。当NaOH淋洗液浓度增大时,糖类化合物的保留值减小,并有洗脱顺序的变化。糖的保留只表现为放热行为,但是每种糖的保留受温度的影响程度不同,即当温度改变时每种糖保留时间的变化程度不同。一般规律是随糖分子增大(依单糖、双糖、三糖、四糖顺序),其保留时间的变化程度增大。通过改变温度可以改善两种相近洗脱糖之间的分离状况。糖的范特霍夫(Van’t Hoff)曲线具有良好的线性关系。积分脉冲安培检测的采样电位增大,糖检测的峰面积增大。通过提高采样电位,可以改善糖的检测。     

Optimisation of extraction conditions for total saponins from Cynanchum wallichii using response surface methodology and its anti-tumour effects

Cynanchum wallichii Wight, is a traditional Chinese medicine herb, which is rich in saponins and has varieties of pharmacological activities. In this study, a standardized C. wallichii extract was established and the anti-tumor activity of the total saponins was evaluated by MTT assay. The extraction conditions of the standardized extract was optimized using response surface methodology. The experimental value was in good agreement (the yield 4.28%) with predicted values. The total saponins of the extract showed significant anti-tumor activity against three human tumor cell lines (A549, HepG2 and MCF-7), especially for MCF-7 (IC₅₀. 67.63 μg/mL) cells in vitro.     

Chemical composition of the volatile oil from Cynanchum stauntonii and its activities of anti-influenza virus

The volatile oil of the roots of Cynanchum stauntonii was examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Thirty-eight constituents were identified. (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal, 3-efhyl-4-methypentanol, 5-pentyl-3H-furan-2-one, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and 2(3H)-furanone,dihydro-5-pentyl were found to be the major components. The volatile oil exhibited the activities against influenza virus in vitro (IC₅₀s = 64 μg/ml). In in vivo experiment, it prevented influenza virus-induced deaths in a dose-dependent manner.     

Mixed S/P Ligands from Carbohydrates: Synthesis and Utilization in Asymmetric Catalysis

Abstract

New chiral mixed sulfur/phosphorus ligands derived from carbohydrates are reported. These ligands were found to be efficient catalyst precursors for palladium-catalyzed asymmetric substitution of 1,3-diphenylpropenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate or benzylamine (up to 96% ee), and for rhodium-catalyzed methyl acetamidocinnamate hydrogenation (up to 92% ee).     

Antitumor evaluation and multiple analysis on different extracted fractions of the root of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight

The root of Cynanchum auriculatum (C. auriculatum ) Royle ex Wight has been shown to possess various pharmacological effects and has recently attracted much attention with respect to its potential role in antitumor activity. The C‐21 steroidal glycosides are commonly accepted as the major active ingredients of C. auriculatum . In this study, the antitumor abilities of different extracted fractions of the root bark and the root tuber of C. auriculatum were investigated by using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in human cancer cell lines HepG2 and SMMC‐7721. The results showed that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the root tuber suppressed tumor cell growth strongly. To identify and characterize the chemical constituents of different active fractions, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of eight C‐21 steroidal glycosides. The analysis revealed that the C‐21 steroidal glycosides were concentrated in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, and the total contents of different fractions in the root tuber were significantly higher than those of corresponding ones in the root bark. Furthermore, the C‐21 steroidal glycosides based on different types of aglucones were prone in different medicinal parts of C. auriculatum .     

Kallisteine A and B, two new coumarins from the roots of Peucedanum paniculatum L, a species endemic to Corsica

From the dichloromethane extract of the roots of Peucedanum paniculatum L., two new coumarins, a species endemic to Corsica, have been isolated. Their structures were elucidated, on the basis of spectroscopic studies, particularly 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as 6-(7'-beta-cyclolavandulyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin 1 and a spirodihydrofurano-coumarin 2 (Kallisteine A and B).     

New C21 steroidal glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum stauntonii and their protective effects on hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocyte injury

Phytochemical investigations from the roots of Cynanchum stauntonii led to obtain four new C_(21) steroidal glycosides(1–4) and one known compound stauntoside F(5). Their chemical structures were characterized by sophisticated analyses of IR, HRESI-TOF-MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR data, together with chemical methods, which showed interesting 13,14:14,15-disecopregnane-type skeleton or 14,15-secopregnane-type skeleton C_(21) steroidal glycosides. Among them, compound 1 was determined to be glaucogenin C 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-digitoxopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-thevetopyranoside. Compound 2 was characterized to be hirundigenin 3-O-a-L-diginopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-digitoxopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-30-demethyl-thevetopyranoside. Compound 3 was identified to be(14S,16 S,20R)-14,16-14,20-15,20-triepoxy-14,15-secopregn-5-en-3-ol-3-O-a-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-digitoxopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-oleandropyranoside.Compound 4 was identified to be(14S,16 S,20R)-14,16-14,20-15,20-triepoxy-14,15-secopregn-5-en-3-ol-3-O-a-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-D-digitoxopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-b-Dthevetopyranoside. Among them, compound 2 was hirundigenin type C21 steroidal glycoside that existed in nature as epimers due to the presence of 14-hemiketal hydroxyl group in its structure. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and cardiomyocyte protective effects of compounds 1–4 were evaluated. We found that they exhibited significant protective effects on hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocyte injury, but did not showed obvious anti-inflammatory function.     

大豆分离蛋白结构与性能

大豆分离蛋白是大豆的重要组成部分,含有大量活性基团,具有可再生、可生物降解性等优点,可以成为制备环境友好材料的主要原料。由于大豆分离蛋白的组成和构象会对其功能特性产生明显的影响,因此对其结构和性能之间的关系进行系统的研究无疑会对材料学家在今后开发出新型的具有优异性能的大豆蛋白材料具有相当的帮助。本文首先介绍了大豆分离蛋白的组成、亚基的结构以及对其两种主要成分——β-大豆伴球蛋白（7S球蛋白）和大豆球蛋白（11S球蛋白）的分离方法;然后对大豆分离蛋白在不同条件下的构象研究和其主要物理化学性质,如溶解性和凝胶性的研究进展作了介绍;最后对大豆分离蛋白在薄膜、纤维和塑料等材料领域的应用进行了简要的综述。     

Synthesis,Spectroscopic and X-ray Structural Study of cis-diazidobis- (ethylenediamine)Cobalt(III) Thiocyanate

Reaction of cis-diazidobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)nitrate with ammonium thiocyanate in a 1?:?2 molar ratio in aqueous medium gave the title cobalt(III) compound, cis-[Co(en)₂(N₃)₂]SCN, as reddish brown crystals in almost quantitative yield. The complex salt was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic studies. An X-ray structure determination revealed an ionic structure with the monoclinic space group P2₁/c, having cell dimensions a = 12.1950(6), b = 9.0317(5), c = 12.6017(7)?Å; β = 113.419(1)°, V = 1273.63(12)?ų and Z = 4. The structure was refined by a full-matrix least-square procedures to R ₁ = 0.0297 and wR ₂ = 0.0697.     

裙带菜中聚甘露糖醛酸的分离纯化与结构分析

以裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida, wakame)为原料, 经水提醇沉、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow、Sephacryl S-300和Sephacryl S-200凝胶柱分离纯化, 得到2个酸性多糖UPPS03和UPPS04. 高效凝胶渗透色谱测试结果表明, 其为均一多糖, 平均分子量分别为3.6×104和1.1×104. 采用糖组成分析、高碘酸氧化及Smith降解、糖醛酸还原、甲基化、红外光谱和核磁共振等方法对该多糖的化学结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 2个多糖均为1,4连接的聚甘露糖醛酸.     

Isolation,Physicochemical Properties,and Structural Characteristics of Arabinoxylan from Hull-Less Barley

Arabinoxylan (HBAX-60) was fractioned from alkaline-extracted arabinoxylan (HBAX) in the whole grain of hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f. Poaceae) by 60% ethanol precipitation, which was studied for physicochemical properties and structure elucidation. Highly purified HBAX-60 mainly composed of arabinose (40.7%) and xylose (59.3%) was created. The methylation and NMR analysis of HBAX-60 indicated that a low-branched β-(1→4)-linked xylan backbone possessed un-substituted (1,4-linked β-Xylp, 36.2%), mono-substituted (β-1,3,4-linked Xylp, 5.9%), and di-substituted (1,2,3,4-linked β-Xylp, 12.1%) xylose units as the main chains, though other residues (α-Araf-(1→, β-Xylp-(1→, α-Araf-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→ or β-Xylp-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→) were also determined. Additionally, HBAX-60 exhibited random coil conformation in a 0.1 M NaNO₃ solution. This work provides the properties and structural basis of the hull-less barley-derived arabinoxylan, which facilitates further research for exploring the structure–function relationship and application of arabinoxylan from hull-less barley.     

茯苓菌核多糖的分离和结构分析

分别用０．９％ＮａＣｌ不溶液，热水，０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ水溶液和８８％甲酸从新鲜茯苓菌核体中提取出５种多糖：ＰＣ１，ＰＣ２，ＰＣ２－Ａ，ＰＣ３和ＰＣ４．用ＩＲ，ＨＰＬＣ，ＧＣ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ和＾１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ等方法分析了它们的组成和结构。结果表明，ＰＣ１，ＰＣ２和ＰＣ２－Ａ由Ｄ－葡萄糖，Ｄ－木糖，Ｄ－甘露糖和Ｄ－半乳糖组成，ＰＣ１和ＰＣ２－Ａ含葡萄糖醛酸，其葡萄糖含量随提取过程的进行逐渐增加。     

野菊花中性多糖CIP-C的分离纯化及结构解析

以野菊花为原材料, 经热水提取、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephacryl S-200 凝胶柱层析分离纯化, 得到1个水溶性的中性多糖CIP-C. 采用GC-MS、部分酸水解及甲基化分析等对该多糖的结构进行了解析. 结果表明, 该多糖主要由D-Man, D-Glc和D-Gal组成, 并含有少量的D-Fuc, L-Ara和D-Xyl, 其主链由β(或α)-D-1,4-Man, β-D-1,6-Glc和β-D-1,4-Gal组成, 而阿拉伯糖通过α-L-T-Araf和α-L-1,5-Araf连接形成阿拉伯聚糖支链或与β-D-1,4-Galp的O3位相连形成阿拉伯半乳聚糖支链.     

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Compounds from Pleiocarpa bicarpellata and Their In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity

Species of the genus Pleiocarpa are used in traditional medicine against fever and malaria. The present study focuses on the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from P. bicarpellata extracts, and the evaluation of their antiprotozoal activity. Fractionation and isolation combined to LC-HRMS/MS-based dereplication provided 16 compounds: seven indole alkaloids, four indoline alkaloids, two secoiridoid glycosides, two iridoid glycosides, and one phenolic glucoside. One of the quaternary indole alkaloids (7) and one indoline alkaloid (15) have never been reported before. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, UV, IR, and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiprotozoal activity towards Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum, as well as for their cytotoxicity against rat skeletal myoblast L6 cells. The dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) root extract showed strong activity against P. falciparum (IC₅₀ value of 3.5 µg/mL). Among the compounds isolated, tubotaiwine (13) displayed the most significant antiplasmodial activity with an IC₅₀ value of 8.5 µM and a selectivity index of 23.4. Therefore, P. bicarpallata extract can be considered as a source of indole alkaloids with antiplasmodial activity.