抗肿瘤活性四氢异喹啉类抗生素的生物合成研究进展

四氢异喹啉类生物碱因其独特的化学结构和良好的抗肿瘤活性,长期以来备受化学家和生物学家的广泛关注.特别是近十年来,随着生物技术的不断进步,有关这类抗生素生物合成的研究取得了突飞猛进的发展.主要综述了该家族成员如Safracin B,Saframycin A,Naphthyridinomycin,Quinocarcin,Ecteinascidin 743等近年来生物合成研究的主要成果,特别是有关这类化合物共有的核心结构四氢异喹啉环的前体来源和前体的生物合成途径,以及四氢异喹啉环独特的形成机制.     

抗癌药物柔红霉素的光谱电化学研究

采用现场光谱电化学技术,结合循环伏安和红外光谱等手段,研究了柔红霉素的电极过程,并提出了可能的还原机理.结果表明,柔红霉素的还原途径与其浓度存在一定的联系:稀溶液的还原经历一ECE过程--得到两个电子还原为柔红霉氢醌后,发生化学反应脱去7位上的糖基侧链,得到的7-去氧柔红霉醌继续被还原,生成的自由基中间体可发生歧化反应或通过分子间缔合而稳定;当溶液浓度较大时,柔红霉素分子在得到一电子生成半醌自由基中间体后,以其双分子缔合物的形式稳定存在.     

Dapson in Heterocyclic Chemistry,Part IV: Synthesis of Some Novel Diphenylsulfones Containing Acetamide,Pyrrolidine, Piperazine,and Thiomorpholine Moieties as Antimicrobial and Antitumor Agents

Interaction of dapson [bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone] 1 with [bis-(methylsulfonyl) methylidine]malononitrile 2 yielded the corresponding dicyano derivative 3, which was reacted with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, phenyl isothiocyanate to give the corresponding acetamide 4, succinamic acid 5, pyrrolidine 6, Shiff base 7 and thiourea 8, respectively. Treatment of 3 with chloroacetyl chloride afforded the aminoacetyl chloride derivative 9. Further, the interaction of compound 9 with thioglycolic acid, malononitrile, ethyl glycinate hydrochloride, and/or potassium thiocyanate furnished compounds 10–15, respectively. The structural characterization of the prepared compounds was based on microanalytical and spectroscopic analyses. Some of the prepared compounds were tested for their antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Compounds 9 and 12 showed promising antitumor activity compared with Doxorubicin as positive control.     

Synthesis of Polyelectrolytes Bearing Phosphorylcholine Moieties

We report on the modification of the polyelectrolytes poly(L ‐glutamic acid) (PGA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(L ‐lysine) (PLL) with side groups bearing phosphorylcholine (PC) groups. Two different side chains were synthesized from monoamino tri‐ or tetraethylene glycol, both with PC group linked to the OH end: the tert‐butyloxycarbonyl protected compounds BOCNH(EO)_nPC (n = 2, 3) and the succinylated compound SucNH(EO)₃PC. BOCNH(EO)_nPC was deprotected and the resulting amine was condensed with PGA or PAA and SucNH(EO)₃PC was directly coupled to PLL. Degrees of substitution as high as 80% were obtained with the method described. These polyelectrolytes are potential candidates to fabricate multilayers with protein repellent properties.

     

Accessibility of D-Mannopyranoside Glycosylating Synthons by Acetolysis for Preparations of Oligosaccharide Moieties of N-Linked Glycoproteins

Abstract

Selective acetolysis of methyl 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-manno-pyranoside (2) allows for easy preparation of 1-acetates of 2, 3,4, 6-tetra-O-benzyl (5), 6-O-acetyl-2, 3, 4, tri-O-benzyl-(6), 4, 6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-(7), 3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-2-O-benzyl-(8), and 2, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-D-mannopyranoside (9). 8 and 9 formed are separated by preparative HPLC in 30-60g scale. The time course of previously described acetolyses of 3, 4, 6-tri-O-benzyl- 1, 2-O-(1-methoxyethyidene)-β-D-mannopyranose (3), and methyl 2, 3-dt-O-benzyl-4, 6-O-benzylldene-α-D-mannopyranoside (4) giving 9, 1, 2, 6-tri-O-acetyl-3, 4-di-O-benzyl-(10), and 1, 2-di-O-acetyl-3, 4, 6-tri-O-benzyl-(11) α-D-mannopyranose as well 7 have been studied.     

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Polysubstituted Thiophenes and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles Incorporating 2,6‐Pyridine Moieties

The versatile multifunctional unreported pyridine‐2,6‐bis(2‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐3‐oxopropanethioamide) ( 3 ) was prepared starting from pyridine‐2,6‐bis‐(3‐oxopropanenitrile) ( 1 ). Several new series of polysubstituted thiophenes and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles incorporating 2,6‐pyridine moiety were efficiently synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines: hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HEPG2) and Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7). Some of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited better activity than doxorubicin as a reference drug.     

含辣素衍生结构疏水缔合聚合物PAAH的合成、表征及溶液性质

以辣素功能结构单体N-（4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苄基）-丙烯酰胺（HMBA）为疏水单体,与丙烯酰胺（AM）和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠（NaAMPS）通过自由基胶束共聚,制得三元疏水缔合聚合物P（AM-NaAMPS-HMBA）（简称PAAH）. 采用紫外-可见光谱、核磁共振氢谱、热重分析及扫描电子显微镜对共聚物的结构及形貌进行表征,利用原子力显微镜对聚合物水溶液的微观形貌进行观察,并对其溶解性、疏水缔合性、耐温性及抑菌性能进行了研究. 结果表明,所得共聚物中疏水单体含量与投料比基本一致;PAAH具有良好的速溶性,当聚合物浓度超过一定值后,溶液黏度急剧增加,且随着疏水单体含量增加,疏水缔合性能增强;原子力显微镜观察证实了聚合物水溶液中网络结构的存在. 与未改性的P（AM-NaAMPS）（简称PAA）共聚物相比,引入具有生物活性且带有刚性苯环结构的HMBA单体可使PAAH共聚物热稳定性增强,耐温性能提高,并赋予其优良的抑菌性能.     

Vinyl Glycosides in Oligosaccharide Synthesis. 2. The Use of Allyl and Vinyl Glycosides in Oligosaccharide Synthesis

A novel latent-active glycosylation strategy has been described that relies on the isomerization of substituted allyl glycosides to give the corresponding vinyl glycosides, which can subsequently be used in Lewis acid-mediated glycosylations. The isomerization reaction was performed by a rhodium catalyst obtained by treating tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride with n-butyllithium. This catalyst has many advantageous properties over the use of conventional Wilkinson's catalyst. The glycosylation reactions gave high yields for both primary and secondary sugar alcohols, and the anomeric selectivity could be controlled by the constitution of the glycosyl donor and reaction conditions. The new isomerization and glycosylation approach enables complex oligosaccharides of biological importance to be prepared in a highly convergent manner.     

1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物的合成、表征及电存储性能

本文以三苯胺结构作为电子给体,与三种接有不同吸电子基团的1,8-萘酐反应合成了具有电子给-受体结构的N-(4-三苯胺)-1,8-萘酰亚胺(NA-ATPA)、N-(4-三苯胺)-(4-氰基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺(NA(CN)-ATPA)和N-(4-三苯胺)-(4-硝基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺(NA(NO_2)-ATPA),并对它们的结构进行了表征。利用紫外可见光谱、荧光发射光谱和循环伏安法对产物的光物理性能和电化学性能进行了测试,并测试了其存储行为,结果显示NA-ATPA表现出易失的静态随机存储行为(SRAM),NACN-ATPA表现出非易失的闪存型存储(Flash),NA(NO_2)-ATPA表现出非易失只读型存储(WORM)。三种萘酰亚胺对存储行为中高导态的维持能力逐渐增强,其原因是引入的吸电子基团的吸电子性越强,其LUMO值和能隙值降低的越多,越利于电荷转移,形成更稳定的电荷转移络合物。另外,本文还对原料和产物的电子结构、分子轨道和能级进行了分子模拟计算,研究了三种化合物基态和激发态的差别,并对其电子转移过程进行了理论分析。     

Total Synthesis of Antitumor Antibiotic Derhodinosylurdamycin A

The first total synthesis of derhodinosylurdamycin A, an angucycline antitumor antibiotic, has been described. The synthesis features a Hauser annulation followed by pinacol coupling to construct the tetracyclic angular aglycon, a Stille coupling of glycal stannane and tetracyclic aryliodide followed by stereoselective reduction to afford the 2‐deoxy β‐C‐arylglycoside, and a late‐stage stereoselective glycosylation for the preparation of derhodinosylurdamycin A. This synthetic strategy should be amenable to the chemical synthesis of analogs of derhodinosylurdamycin A bearing diverse 2‐deoxy sugar subunits for structure and activity relationship studies.     

Development in Synthesis,Electrochemistry, LB Moieties of Phenothiazine Based Units

A convenient and higher yielding synthetic route to N‐alkyl‐bis(thiophene)phenothiazine derivatives is reported and their aggregation, electrochemical properties and polymerization are characterized. The key step in the synthesis of this group of compounds has been the Stille type coupling reaction between the N‐alkyldibromophenothiazine and tin derivatives of thiophene as the best way for preparation of conjugated N‐alkylphenothiazine derivatives. For this group of compounds we also present an electrochemical polymerization effect and widely adopted approach to prepare structurally ordered thin, electroconducting films by Langmuir–Blodgett technique.     

含糖聚合物的合成

综述了含糖聚合物合成的研究发展，介绍了化学和酶催化合成不饱合含糖单体的方法，以及含糖聚合物通过自由基、阳离子、阴离子聚合和高分子改性等四种方法制备途径，同时也探讨了这些含糖聚合物在医药、生物材料、水凝胶等领域中的应用。     

三唑类白杨素衍生物的设计、合成及其抗增殖活性研究

合成了2个系列的白杨素衍生物,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测试了所有化合物针对六种肿瘤细胞的体外抗增殖活性,包括MGC-803, BEL-7402, HepG2, HeLa, A549以及SGC-7901细胞.实验结果显示, 7-[1-(3-氟苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲氧基]-白杨素(1c)与7-[1-(2-氯苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲氧基]-白杨素(1g)针对MGC-803细胞的活性与先导化合物白杨素及阳性对照药5-氟尿嘧啶相比显著提高.因此,化合物1c与1g具有深入研究用以开发抗癌药物的潜能.     

Synthesis of Biphenols Containing Anhydride,Imido, or Dicyano Arylene Moieties

The novel biphenols, 3,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalic anhydride (2) and 3,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile (15) were synthesized. Reaction of trans-anethole (4-propenylanisole) (6) with the Schiff base 7 yielded l,4-bis((4-methoxyphenyl)-l,3-butadiene (8). Diels-Alder reactions with maleic anhydride or fumaronitrile followed by dehydrogenation and demethylation gave the corresponding biphenols in good yields (ca. 73%). Reaction of 2 with primary amines yields the corresponding imides.     

Synthesis of New Iminocoumarins Bearing Parabanic Moieties

The synthesis of novel substituted 3-p-nitro-phenyliminocoumarins and corresponding N-ureaiminocoumarins is described. The condensation of these materials with oxalyl chloride leads to the corresponding N-parabanic iminocoumarins, which have not previously been described, in moderate or good yields and high selectivity. The structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and elemental analysis.

Design,Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Pyrrolopyrazinone-chalcone Hybrids

A series of pyrrolopyrazinone-chalcone hybrids（12a-12q） was designed,synthesized and screened for their antitumor activity against SKOV-3,A549 and HeLa cell lines in vitro.Compared with the pyrrolopyrazinone（10a） and 5-fluorouracil（5-FU）,nearly all the tested compounds showed significantly-improved antitumor activities.The most promising compounds 12e and 12k（IC50=0.25 and 0.88 μmol/L） respectively show activities of 123and 35 times that of compound 10a（IC50=30.74 μmol/L） against HeLa cell line.The result reveals that the presence of chalcone moiety is beneficial to their activity and selectivity.     

喹喔啉-三唑衍生物的设计与合成及其抗肿瘤活性

喹喔啉和1,2,3-三唑都是具有广泛生物活性的杂环结构母体。本文基于药物设计的拼合原理,以简单易得的邻苯二胺、苯乙炔及有机叠氮为原料,通过三组分"两步一锅法"将喹喔啉和1,2,3-三唑活性亚结构进行拼接,合成了一系列共14个新型喹喔啉-三唑衍生物(3a~3n)。该法操作简单,无需分离中间体,两步总产率52.6%~78.4%。合成的目标化合物结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和HRMS确证。初步体外抗肿瘤活性测试表明,合成的目标化合物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。     

芳香异羟肟酸二烃基锡配合物的合成、表征及其抗癌活性的研究

合成了９个Ｒ_２ＳｎＬ_２型（Ｒ＝乙基、正丁基和苯基；ＨＬ＝苯甲酰异羟肟酸，对羟基苯甲酰异羟肟酸和水杨酰异羟肟酸）和６个［Ｒ_２ＳｎＬ］_２Ｏ型（Ｒ＝乙基、正丁基；ＨＬ同上）二烃基锡新配合物。测定了它们的分子量、红外光谱和核磁共振谱，着重研究了这些配合物的体外抗癌活性。结果表明，这二类配合物对人白血病ＨＬ－６０，艾氏腹水和Ｓ－１８０癌细胞有很好的抑制能力。初步探讨了结构－抗癌活性间的关系。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Thiosemicarbazones Bearing Sugar Moieties

IntroductionIt is well known that carbohydrates play importantroles in a wide variety of biological processes[1], suchas cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and cell sig-naling. They can also act as the ligands for growth fac-tors[2,3].Substituted t…