蛋白质微阵列芯片技术及其在抗体筛选中的应用

以兔IgG为模式蛋白质,对其在醛基修饰玻片表面的固定浓度、固定时间和温度等条件进行了优化,结果表明：在室温下,当固定蛋白质的浓度为1g／L、固定时间为4h时,可获得理想的蛋白质固定效果;蛋白质的定量检测范围为1μg／L～10mg／L。按优化的蛋白质微阵列芯片制作条件将规模化制备的抗体制作成抗体微阵列芯片,通过与荧光标记的人球蛋白和人白蛋白的相互作用,实现了对不同抗体株抗球蛋白和抗白蛋白活性的快速筛选与比较。     

蛋白质微阵列芯片在临床分析中的应用

蛋白质微阵列芯片能够高通量监测生物毒素、分析宿主-微生物相互作用和抗原-抗体相互作用、筛选疾病生物标志物,因此有望成为体外诊断的主要技术之一并在病原体感染、自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病和癌症等疾病的精准医疗中发挥重要作用。 本文通过对最近发表的相关研究成果分析,总结了蛋白质微阵列芯片在临床分析中新进展,分析了其在实际应用中所面临的技术挑战并探讨了相应的解决方案。     

当归多糖XC-1的分离与结构研究

从中药岷当归 (Angelicasinensis)中用热水提取、乙醇沉淀、DEAE SephadexA 2 5柱层析分离得到多糖组分XC 1 ,凝胶色谱法测得分子量为 1 0× 1 0 5道尔顿 ,糖的组成分析表明XC 1只含葡萄糖 ,且经红外测定为α型葡萄糖 ,连接点分析证明葡萄糖主链是以 1 ,6位连接     

琼脂糖凝胶蛋白芯片片基的制备及应用

建立了一种制备琼脂糖凝胶修饰玻片的方法。以乙肝表面抗原为检测指标,比较了琼脂糖凝胶片基和常规的醛基片基固定抗体后的检测灵敏度,发现琼脂糖凝胶修饰后可以明显增加检测的荧光强度,并在10ng/L～100μg/L之间具有良好的线性关系。在此片基同时固定了抗HBsAg和抗HBeAg抗体,并以牛血清白蛋白和生物素标记抗体为阴性和阳性对照点,采用夹心式免疫反应法检测乙肝病毒的两种抗原,取得良好效果。     

Polyurethane Molecular Stamps for the in situ Synthesis of DNA Microarray

Fabrication of polyurethane molecular stamps (PU stamps) based on polypropylene glycol (PPG) and toluene dissocyanate (TDI), using 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-methylenedianiline (MOCA) as the crosslinker ,is reported. It was shown from the contact angle measurement that PU stamps surface has good affinity with acetonitrile,guaranteeing the well distribution of DNA monomers on patterned stamps. Laser confocal fluorescence microscopy images of oligonucleotide arrays after hybridization confirmed polyurethane is an excellent material for molecular stamps when ransferring polar chemicals and conducting rections on interfaces by stamping.     

大粒车前子多糖组分PLP-1的结构表征

研究了由大粒车前子多糖分离纯化所得组分PLP-1的一级精细结构特征. 通过单糖组成分析、部分酸水解及甲基化分析,并结合NMR,GC和GC-MS等技术测定了PLP-1的一级结构. 结果表明,PLP-1由Ara（33.98%）,Xyl（58.23%）,Rha（2.36%）,Glc（2.23%）,Gal（2.36%）和Man（0.83%）组成,糖醛酸以GlcA形式存在. PLP-1中主要糖残基有α-T-linked Araf（9.58%）,β-T-linked Xylp（8.71%）,α-1,3-linked Araf（18.22%）,β-1,3-linked Xylp（8.05%）,β-1,4-linked Xylp（5.85%）,β-1,2,4-linked Xylp（16.98%）和β-1,3,4-linked Xylp（27.52%）,GlcA以α-T-linked GlcAp形式存在;此外还有1,2-linked Rhap,T-linked Glcp,1,6-linked Glcp,T-linked Galp,1,3-linked Galp和1,3,6-linked Galp等少量其它残基. 根据所得结果推断出PLP-1可能的一级结构.     

The complete structure and pro-inflammatory activity of the lipooligosaccharide of the highly epidemic and virulent gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia ET-12 (strain J2315)

Members of genus Burkholderia include opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for serious infections in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of microorganisms composed of at least nine closely related genomovars. Among these, B. cenocepacia is widely recognized to cause epidemics associated with excessive mortality. Species that belong to this strain are problematic CF pathogens because of their high resistance to antibiotics, which makes respiratory infections difficult to treat and impossible to eradicate. Infection by these bacteria is associated with higher mortality in CF and poor outcomes following lung transplantation. One virulence factor contributing to this is the pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. Thus, the knowledge of the lipopolysaccharide structure is an essential prerequisite to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the inflammatory process. Such data are instrumental in aiding the design of antimicrobial compounds and for developing therapeutic strategies against the inflammatory cascade. In particular, defining the structure of the LPS from B. cenocepacia ET-12 clone LMG 16656 (also known as J2315) is extremely important given the recent completion of the sequencing project at the Sanger Centre using this specific strain. In this paper we address this issue by defining the pro-inflammatory activity of the pure lipopolysaccharide, and by describing its full primary structure. The activity of the lipopolysaccharide was tested as a stimulant in human myelomonocytic U937 cells. The structural analysis was carried out by compositional analysis, mass spectrometry and 2D NMR spectroscopy on the intact lipooligosacchride (LOS) and its fragments, which were obtained by selective chemical degradations.     

原子力显微镜在多糖结构研究中的进展

简述了原子力显微镜(AFM)的工作原理和特点,以及在多糖,特别是在淀粉结构研究中的进展。     

1H and 13C assignments of cyclo[N-(Lys-Phe)-Orn-Val], a semicyclic imide tetrapeptide from Burkholderia cepacia

The rhizobacteria Burkholderia cepacia biosynthesized the new tetrapeptide Cyclo[N-(Lys-Phe)-Orn-Val] (1), a 2,5-diketopiperazine, and the known siderophore azurechelin (salicylic acid). The structure of 1 was established by means of IR, UV, 1H and 13C NMR, double dimension experiments and MS.     

Unravelling a Direct Role for Polysaccharide β‐Strands in the Higher Order Structure of Physical Hydrogels

The mechanical properties of agarose‐derived hydrogels depend on the scaffolding of the polysaccharide network. To identify and quantify such higher order structure, we applied Raman optical activity (ROA)—a spectroscopic technique that is highly sensitive toward carbohydrates—on native agarose and chemically modified agarose in the gel phase for the first time. By spectral global fitting, we isolated features that change as a function of backbone carboxylation (28, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 93 %) from other features that remain unchanged. We assigned these spectral features by comparison to ROA spectra calculated for different oligomer models. We found a 60:40 ratio of double‐ and single‐stranded α‐helix in the highly rigid hydrogel of native agarose, while the considerably softer hydrogels made from carboxylated agarose use a scaffold of unpaired β‐strands.     

聚合诱导自组装(PISA)技术的应用研究进展

聚合诱导自组装(PISA)技术是制备嵌段共聚物纳米自组装体的一种新技术.相较于传统的嵌段共聚物自组装技术,该技术具有边聚合、边组装的操作简便性特点,同时还具有纳米自组装体形态可控、固含量高(高达50％)等优点,使得聚合物纳米自组装体的规模化生产和应用成为可能.经过十多年的发展,基于各种"活性"/可控聚合机理和各种配方组...     

Efficient Synthesis of Meningococcal X Polysaccharide Repeating Unit (N-Acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate) as Analytical Standard for Polysaccharide Determination

Serogroup X Neisseria meningitidis (MenX) is emerging in many African countries as a major cause of meningococcal meningitis, but no preventative therapy against this serogroup is yet available. N-Acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate (4P-GlcNAc), the monomeric repeating unit of MenX polysaccharide, is an important requirement for the development of an analytical method specific for MenX polysaccharide quantification. At the moment, this compound is not commercially available. Herein an efficient preparation of this monosaccharide is reported.     

Biocompatible microspheres based on acetylated polysaccharide prepared from water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double-emulsion method for delivery of type II diabetic drug (exenatide)

Polysaccharide microspheres (PAMs) from acetylated pullulan were designed for the long-term delivery of peptide/protein drugs, as an alternative to a PLGA depot system. Three kinds of samples were obtained according to their different degrees of acetylation (0.8(PA1), 1.5(PA2), 2.3(PA3) acetyl groups in one glucose unit in pullulan), and then utilized to prepare a microsphere via a water-in-oil-in-water (W₁/O/W₂) emulsion method. The mean particle size of PAMs was shown to be in a range between 35 and 110 μm, as determined by a particle size analyzer. In order to evaluate their potential as a depot for protein/peptide delivery, exenatide, a drug used for the treatment of type II diabetes, was employed. The encapsulation efficiency of exenatide in PAMs was 69.1%, 80.4%, and 90.3% in PAM 1, PAM 2, and PAM 3, respectively. Although the release of exenatide from the PLGA microspheres evidenced a fast and high-burst behavior, PAMs evidenced a sustained release profile for 21 days. After 16 days, the released peptide was found to have a molecular weight almost identical to that of native exenatide, indicating that the stability of the peptide in the PAMs was maintained. The tissue reaction evidenced by the PAM was characterized by minimal foreign body reaction and minimal configurations of immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, but that of the PLGA microspheres was characterized by relatively elevated inflammation. On the basis of these results, we have concluded that the PAM may provide new insights into the development of new protein/peptide depots in long-term delivery.     

Implementation of Random Bacterial Genomic DNA Microarray Chip (RBGDMC) for Screening of Dominant Bacteria in Complex Cultures

The random bacterial genomic DNA microarray chip (RBGDMC), which was fabricated using random genomic DNA fragments obtained from the fragmentation of bacterial genome by using four different pairs of restriction enzymes, was found to discriminate bacterial species in the same genus and resulted in the determination of dominant bacteria in enriched cultures. The identification of a dominant bacterial species was successfully conducted in the co-culture of three different bacteria using the RBGDMC. In addition, the analysis of the chip data could confirm if any of the selected bacteria is the most abundant or if some bacteria were enriched and became the dominant species within the consortium after the samples were prepared from the repeated cultures of real sludge in a complex medium. This study shows the successful implementation of the RBGDMC for the identification and monitoring of dominant bacteria in complex environmental bacterial communities simply without any PCR amplification of the target nucleic acids.     

Application of Poly(ether sulfone)-Based Membranes in Clean Energy Technology

Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) is a kind of polymer materials with excellent electrical insulation and acid/alkali stability. PES can be operated at high temperature continuously for a long time and still maintain excellent property stability in the environments with rapidly changed temperature, namely, great thermostability. Moreover, PES has low molding shrinkage, good dimensional stability and excellent film-forming characteristics. Compared with inorganic membranes, PES-based membranes have lower cost, which have received more attention and wide recognition in the field of clean energy technologies in recent years, such as flow batteries, fuel cells, water treatment, and gas separation. Therefore, this review summarizes the research status and prospect of the utilization of PES-based membranes in clean energy fields, in order to further promote their development and application.     

荧光纳米粒子Ru(bpy)_3/SiO_2的制备及其应用于蛋白质微阵列芯片检测HIV p24抗原

以三联吡啶钌(Ru(bpy)3)为内核材料,通过反相微乳液法合成了表面带氨基的核壳结构荧光纳米粒子Ru(bpy)3/SiO2,利用透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱等手段进行表征,并进行了光稳定性、荧光分子泄露与纳米粒子表面氨基测定等实验,结果表明: 所合成的纳米粒子表面带氨基活性基团,每毫克纳米粒子约含385 nmol氨基,纳米粒子呈规则球形,大小均一,单分散性好,平均粒径为(70±6) nm,具有很好的光稳定性.用100 W氙灯在最大发射波长照射90 min后,其荧光强度仅衰减8%;在水溶液中不易发生染料泄露,连续超声1 h后,染料泄露少于0.05%.以合成的纳米粒子作荧光探针标记链霉亲和素后应用于蛋白质微阵列芯片检测HIV p24抗原.结果显示,荧光强度与p24浓度呈良好的正相关性,检出限为3.1 μg/L.本纳米粒子作为新型荧光探针,可应用于高灵敏检测的蛋白质微阵列芯片及荧光免疫分析等系统.     

箬叶水溶性多糖的色谱研究

采用纸色谱和气相色谱法研究了从湖北恩施地区生长的箬竹叶中分离纯化的水溶性多糖的单糖组成。在纸色谱分析中,探讨了四种溶剂系统和三种显色剂体系在单糖定性鉴定中的应用,发现展开剂正丁醇∶吡啶∶水（６∶４∶３）和显色剂苯胺－邻苯二甲酸分离效果最好,并可区分五碳和六碳糖。气相色谱分析采用武汉大学研制的开链冠醚为固定相,结果表明其单糖组成为鼠李糖：１４％,岩藻糖：５３％,甘露糖：１２％,葡萄糖：８％,半乳糖：１３％,与文献报道的日本竹叶多糖极不相同。     

高场核磁共振波谱在多糖结构研究中的应用

随着高场核磁共振波谱（ＮＭＲ）技术飞速发展,它在多糖的结构研究中发挥着日益重要的作用,不仅对共 结构,而且对于多糖在溶液中或固体状态下的构象以及动力学特性,ＮＭＲ分析也是最有力的工具。本文综述了高场ＮＭＲ技术在分析多糖结构方面的应用。     

Application of the TPR method for the studies of Ni(II) in Chrysoprase

TPR method was used to elucidate the status of nickel ions in chrysoprase. Temperature profiles of chrysoprase samples were interpreted by comparing them with TPR curves of references. Two kinds of nickel species were identified in the studied samples. The first one is nickel in 2:1 layer silicates while the other is nickel in the extra-framework positions. Apparent activation energies (85±3 and 20±5 kJ mol⁻¹) which were obtained from TPR data support the above attribution. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.