The Characterisation of Chemically Bonded Chromatographic Stationary Phases by Thermogravimetry

This paper details a simple thermogravimetric procedure to determine the amount of ligand present on silica based chemically bonded stationary phases for HPLC and CEC. The weight loss observed from stationary phases between 150 and 600 °C was found to be directly proportional to carbon loading of the phase. Weight loss at lower temperatures was due to the removal of weakly bound solvent. The use of temperatures higher than 600 °C resulted in the condensation of surface silanol groups resulting in an artificially elevated carbon loading result. The procedure has been applied to a range of commercially available HPLC stationary phases and the results obtained for the carbon loading for each phase was within 3% of the value reported by the manufacturer. The data presented demonstrates that the procedure is accurate and precise over a rage of carbon contents typically observed for commercially available HPLC phases and is applicable to a range of silica supports and hydrophobic ligands.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Alumina R Chemically Modified with n-Octyl for Use as a Stationary Phase in TLC

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A stationary phase for thin-layer chromatography has been prepared by attaching 1-octene to alumina R. This stationary phase has...     

高效液相色谱法测定白桦树皮中儿茶素和白桦酯醇的含量

提出了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定白桦树皮中白桦酯醇和儿茶素含量的方法.色谱柱为Shim-pack CLC-ODS C18(150 mm×6.0 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水(75+25)混合溶液,紫外检测波长为205 nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱压7.747 MPa.儿茶素的线性范围为20.0～400.0 mg·L-1,白桦酯醇的线性范围为15.0～300.0 mg·L-1,儿茶素和白桦酯醇的加标平均回收率分别为95.8%和94.9%,相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为1.67%和2.86%.     

改性的配体交换型手性固定相的合成及应用

通过在巯丙基硅胶表面引入苯乙烯长链,再加入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯在聚苯乙烯链端进行延长,用L-脯氨酸和L-羟脯氨酸进行修饰的方法合成了两种聚合物型配体交换型手性固定相(CSPⅣ和CSPⅤ),并采用6种氨基酸对映体考察了合成固定相的色谱拆分效果。结果表明,除DL-脯氨酸外,其余氨基酸对映体均具有相同的出峰顺序,即D-异构体优先出峰。与不含聚苯乙烯单元的配体交换型手性固定相相比,CSPⅣ和CSPⅤ具有更小的保留因子,更好的对映体选择性和更高的分离度。     

Selectivity Differences Between ODS and Polar Modified Stationary Phases in RP-LC

Several new octadecylsilyl and polar-modified phases were synthesized. Chromatographic evaluations of these columns were performed using the Dolan and Engelhardt test mixtures. The applicability of these new phases was also evaluated with a mixture of acids, bases or neutral compounds. The distinct differences in the chromatographic behavior between the two groups as well as a high degree of variability within each group were observed. The polar-endcapped phases exhibit similar hydrophobic selectivity, higher hydrogen bonding capacities and silanol activity with reference to C18 columns. The polar-embedded phases display a greatly reduced hydrophobic nature and a significantly reduced silanol activity compared to the C18 phases.     

GC-MS Study of the Products Cleaved from RP-18 Chemically Bonded Phases for TLC During Thermal Modification

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

聚2-吡啶甲酸修饰电极伏安法测定多巴胺

用循环伏安法制备了聚２－吡啶甲酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了神经递质多巴胺（ＤＡ）在该聚合物薄膜修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在ｐＨ７．０的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,ＤＡ在该电极上的线性范围为１．０×１０－７～１．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该修饰电极对抗坏血酸（ＡＡ）无响应,从而可有效消除其对ＤＡ测定的干扰。     

Thermal Aromatization of Selected TLC-Type Aliphatic Chemically Bonded Stationary Phases,as Monitored by Use of HPLC-DAD

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - In our earlier papers we provided indirect experimental evidence strongly in support of our long-established hypothesis that...     

利用体积排阻快速原位表征整体固定相的孔结构

利用体积排阻色谱原理,在自制的径向色谱柱上,测定了具有窄分子量分布且已知平均分子量418～190 000的聚苯乙烯标准品的保留数据,这些数据可用于计算柱子的外部(55．1％)、内部(4．9％)和总孔隙率以及整体材料孔尺寸分布的信息。此种技术用于整体填料孔结构的表征,具有无破坏性、原位、快速的特点。整体固定相的外部和总孔隙率高于颗粒填充柱,表明整体柱的高通透性;流速与压力关系的分析,证明了整体固定相在高流速下具有低背压的特征。     

Study of the Hydrolytic Cleavage of Alkyl Ligands from the Surface of Chemically Bonded Stationary Phases by means of Selected Analytical Techniques

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - This paper reviews our findings on the susceptibility of the organic chemically bonded ligands to hydrolytic cleavage from the...     

Determination of Inorganic Anions by Capillary IC Using Hexadimethrine Bromide-Modified Silica Stationary Phases

A simple, rapid and highly sensitive capillary ion chromatographic method for direct determination of iodide and thiocyanate is reported. Separation was achieved on a laboratory-made capillary column (100 mm × 0.32 mm i.d.) packed with silica gel, followed by modification with 20 mM hexadimethrine bromide. Sodium perchlorate?Cmethanol (95:5, v/v) was used as the eluent and analyte anions were detected at 225 nm. Iodate, bromate, nitrate, iodide and thiocyanate were eluted within 8 min, with relative standard deviations of the retention time, peak area and peak height smaller than 2.4%. Effects of the eluent composition on the retention behavior were also investigated. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) of iodide was 6.5 ??g L^?1, whereas that of thiocyanate was 16.2 ??g L^?1. The method was successfully applied to the rapid and direct determination of iodide in powdered milk and thiocyanate in human saliva without any pre-concentration. The modified column could be used for about 1 month (8 h operation per day) without loss of hexadimethrine bromide.     

On the Thermal Instability of Selected TLC-Type Alkyl Chemically Bonded Stationary Phases and on its Physical Implications

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - In this paper we report our most recent experimental results relating to the thermal instability of selected alkyl chemically...     

化学修饰电极富集石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量金

本文提出用聚丙烯脒硫氰酸盐化学修饰石墨管内壁、电化学预富集石墨炉原予吸收测定Au的分析方法.分析灵敏度提高100倍.应用于矿石中痕量Au的测定,获得了满意的结果.     

Linear Solvation Energy Relationships in the Determination of Specificity and Selectivity of Stationary Phases

The retention of fifty structurally different compounds has been studied using linear solvation energy relationships. Investigations were performed with the use of six various stationary phases with two mobile phases (50/50?% v/v methanol/water and 50/50?% v/v acetonitrile/water). Packing materials were home-made and functionalized with octadecyl, alkylamide, cholesterol, alkyl-phosphate and phenyl molecules. This is the first attempt to compare all of these stationary phases synthesized on the same silica gel batch. Therefore, all of them may be compared in more complex and believable way, than it was performed earlier in former investigations. The phase properties (based on Abraham model) were used to the classification of stationary phases according to their interaction properties. The hydrophilic system properties s, a, b indicate stronger interactions between solute and mobile phase for most of the columns. Both e and v cause greater retention as a consequence of preferable interactions with stationary phase by electron pairs and cavity formation as well as hydrophobic bonds. However, alkyl-phosphate phase has different retention properties, as it was expressed by positive sign of s coefficient. It may be concluded that most important parameters influencing the retention of compounds are volume and hydrogen bond acceptor basicity. The LSER coefficients showed also the dependency on the type of organic modifier used as a mobile phase component.     

TLC of Aclarubicin and Doxycycline with Mixed n-Alcohol Mobile Phases

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The retention behavior of aclarubicin and doxycycline has been examined on silica gel 60 WF254s, RP-18 F254s, cellulose F, and...     

Quantitative Determination of Methyl Red Adsorption on Stationary Phases Used in Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The method described is a modification of the dye adsorption method, first published by Shapiro and Kolthoff. It is reproducible and allows the estimation of the relative amount of the reachable free silanol groups on silica gels and reversed phase materials which are frequently used as stationary phases in liquid chromatography. Results obtained with commercially available thin layer and high performance liquid chromatographic materials, as well as with self-made reversed phase materials, are reported.     

Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Sulfate Ion by Potentiometric Method

Four Schiff base complexes of different metal ions, M=Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), and Co(III), were studied to characterize their ability as sulfate ion carriers in carbon paste electrode (CPE). The modified CPE electrode with Schiff base complex of Cr(III), N,N′‐ethylenebis(5‐hydroxysalicylideneiminato) chromium(III) Chloride, showed good response characteristics to SO₄^2? ion. The proposed electrode exhibits a Nernstian slope of 28.9±0.4 mV per decade for SO₄^2? ion over a wide concentration range from 1.5×10^?6?4.8×10^?2 M, with a detection limit of 9.0×10^?7 M. The CPE electrode manifested advantages of relatively fast response time, suitable reproducibility and life time and, most important, good potentiometric selectivity relative to a wide variety of other common inorganic anions. The potentiometric response of the electrode is independent of the pH of the test solution in the pH range 4.0–9.0. The proposed electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of sulfate with Ba²⁺ ion, the determination of zinc in zinc sulfate tablet and also determination of sulfate content of a mineral water sample.     

Preparation and characterization of microcapsules loaded with polyphenols-enriched Uncaria tomentosa extract using spray-dryer technique

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This work prepared and characterized microcapsule of Uncaria tomentosa (UT) in order to standardize a spray-dryer Uncaria tomentosa extract. The UT...     

吸附固定相电色谱和动态改性电色谱的手性分离

对动态改性电色谱手性分离进行了研究。电色谱柱填充强阴离子交换固定相（SAX0,添加在流动相中的磺化β－环糊精（S－CD）动态地吸陵于SAX填料表面,形成一层准手性固定相。色氨酸、阿托品和异博定对映体在本体系获得了很好的分离,它们的分离分别为2．06,10．1和1．96,对映体峰的柱效价于85,000塔板数／米和412,000塔板数／米之间。连续运行17次,死时间和色氨酸对映体的电色谱保留因子的相对标准偏差分别为0．53％,0．62％和0．69％。此外,以吸附于SAX填料的牛血清白蛋白和S－CD为手性固定相进行了电色谱手性分离的研究。在这两种体系下分离色氨酸对映体的分离度分别为3．86和2．97。吸附S－CD柱电色谱和动态改性电谱的重现性进行子比较,发现动态改性电色谱有更好的重现性。