基于多角度高光谱技术冰的偏振反射特性分析

对于可见光范围内,冰的反射光中包含部分偏振光,尤其是光滑的冰面,往往会使探测器获得的反射信息中包含更多的偏振信息。对淡水冰与海冰的反射信息进行了测量,同时结合角度信息与光谱信息分析了它们之间偏振反射特性的差异。发现在以偏振度为指标的前提下,海冰与淡水冰之间的差异相对反射信息较大,同时冰表现出了其特有的偏振特性。从而偏振测量可以辅助现有遥感技术更好的检测覆盖在地球表面的冰。     

水体多角度偏振遥感机理研究

从水体的偏振探测机理出发,建立了偏振度与折射率的关系,探讨了在不同折射率组合情况下的偏振度变化规律。结果表明,由于不同折射率的水体在达到偏振度极值时入射角不同,当太阳入射角在交点角区间左侧时,偏振度与水体折射率成反比,当太阳入射角在交点角区间右侧时,偏振度与水体折射率成正比;不同折射率组合情况下的偏振度差值在太阳入射角40°左右和太阳入射角70°左右时达到极值。在最佳角度范围内获取偏振信息,可以使水体遥感的精度得到提高。     

纳米ZnO薄膜的反射及偏振特性研究

用电子束蒸发镀膜法制备了纳米ZnO薄膜．通过测量其X射线衍射谱,计算出纳米ZnO颗粒的平均粒径大小为30nm．实验研究了纳米ZnO薄膜的反射和偏振性质,结果表明：当振动方向平行于入射面的线偏振光（简称P光）入射纳米ZnO薄膜时,不存在严格意义上的布儒斯特角,但对于入射角却存在一个临界角β．当入射角小于β时,反射光的振动面随着入射角的增大向左旋转;当入射角大于β时,振动面转而向右旋转;当振动方向垂直于入射面的线偏振光（简称S光）入射纳米ZnO薄膜时,反射光的振动面始终向左旋转．     

基于激光拉曼光谱的水面油膜厚度测量方法研究

为了实现水体表面油膜厚度的快速非接触检测,基于激光拉曼光谱检测技术,搭建了水体表面油膜厚度拉曼光谱检测系统。以532 nm激光作为激发光源,以常见的柴油和汽油为例研究了不同油品的拉曼光谱特性,研究结果表明,油膜拉曼光谱响应特性与油品密切相关,相同油膜厚度情况下不同油品的拉曼光谱曲线有明显的差异,97#汽油在1 651 cm-1光谱强度要高于90#汽油。随着油膜厚度的增加,柴油316和1 451 cm-1光谱强度和汽油1 651 cm-1拉曼位移光谱强度增加,油拉曼光谱信号变强;根据油水界面拉曼光谱特征,设计了油膜厚度计算因子,实验证明随着油膜厚度增加,油膜厚度计算因子r_film呈下降趋势。可以将油膜厚度计算因子作为水体表面油膜厚度测量的一种依据。     

海洋油膜偏振反射特性仿真与测试

为了海洋溢油的检测与识别,在偏振特性建模中综合考虑天空的偏振辐射、油膜表面的动态反射、接收探测器的姿态和性能,进行全数字仿真,开展外场动态水面的实测,进行油膜偏振半实物仿真,最后对海洋溢油进行了偏振测试与分析。试验结果表明：在区分油品方面,汽油和水的强度差值为29.33%,线偏振度差值为0.97%,二者结合可较好的分辨溢油。     

一种高精度偏振遥感探测方式的精度分析

检偏器的角度误差是影响偏振遥感探测精度的重要因素之一,是许多高精度定量化偏振遥感需要考虑的一个问题。在检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置的测量系统中,当入射光偏振角接近于0°或180°时偏振测量易产生最大误差值,而偏振角接近30°,90°和150°时,偏振度的测量具有很高的精度;在检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式中,偏振角接近45°的光束测量易具有最大误差值,而偏振角接近于0°,90°和135°时,角度误差对偏振度测量精度的影响很小。除了个别偏振角外,对高偏振度入射光束的偏振测量通常具有较大的偏振测量误差。因此,引进线偏振光的平均偏振度测量精度描述偏振测量装置的优劣,结果表明检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置方式优于检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式。     

遥感遥测中偏振信息的研究进展

偏振是光的固有特性之一。地球表面和大气中的任何目标物在与光相互作用的过程中,由于目标物的表面结构、内部结构以及光入射的角度不同,都会产生其自身性质决定的特征偏振。而偏振遥感探测就是以目标物辐射能量的偏振特征作为探测信息,可以在复杂的背景中提取目标的七维信息并很好地分辨目标物上低反射区域和目标轮廓,解决了传统遥感所不能解决的大气探测和伪装识别方面的问题,具有良好的应用前景。文章介绍了偏振遥感遥测的机理,详细阐述了偏振探测的理论模拟、偏振遥感探测仪以及偏振遥感探测技术在大气探测、地球资源探测、海洋表面与水下探测、生物医学、天文探测、军事等领域应用的国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势,归纳了目前存在的问题,并指出目前国内外偏振探测技术的研究方向,以期为后续的同类研究提供参考。     

森林土壤多角度高光谱偏振反射影响研究初探

应用高光谱仪实测了部分典型森林土壤在不同状态下的多角度高光谱偏振反射数据,从光线入射天顶角、探测天顶角、探测方位角、偏振状态、土壤含水量、土壤粒径等不同影响因子对所测土壤的多角度高光谱偏振反射数据进行了初步分析与研究,结果发现这些因子对森林土壤光谱曲线均有影响,但主要影响森林土壤反射比值,对森林土壤光谱谱形影响不大.根据森林土壤光谱特征和实验得出的结论,作者设计出遥感中森林土壤波谱探测的最佳设计方式,保证最佳的森林土壤的遥感状态.这不仅是对森林土壤性质的测试做出了新尝试,而且对多角度偏振高光谱的深入研究具有一定的理论与实践意义.     

积雪性质与积雪表面双向偏振反射之间关系研究

积雪性质的变化会影响积雪的反射,从而遥感技术中可以利用反射信息的变化来确定积雪性质。由于反射过程中会产生偏振信息,在研究可见光近红外波段(350～2 500 nm)不同粒径大小积雪表面多角度反射特性的基础上,同时分析了粒径以及由干雪变成湿雪对积雪表面偏振反射特性的影响。通过野外测量结果表明,粒径大小对积雪表面偏振反射的影响在近红外波段1 500 nm附近比较明显,表现为在前向散射方向,随着粒径的增加对应的偏振度变大;这是由于在该波段附近,积雪对光的吸收很强,随着粒径的增加,吸收会变大,探测器获取的光大部分为单次散射光,而单次散射光是引起偏振信息的主要来源;在研究过程中发现从干雪变成湿雪这一过程会使偏振信息增加,这是由于湿雪表面水膜的存在,将相邻的雪粒粘连在一起,相当于使积雪粒径变大,但是这种影响主要体现在近红外波段。综上所述,将多角度偏振信息与反射信息结合可以为反演积雪性质提供可靠的方法与理论基础。     

海面甚薄油膜光谱响应研究与分析

海面甚薄油膜存在着特定的光谱响应,文章通过模拟海面甚薄油膜随其厚度的变化过程,研究其高光谱响应特征与产生机理.甚薄油膜随着厚度从大到小的逐渐变化,表现为六种目视特征:彩虹亮油膜、品色亮油膜、黄绿亮油膜、浅绿亮油膜、银色亮油膜与几乎不可见油膜.分析六种状态下海面甚薄油膜的光谱反射率表明:350～540 nm甚薄油膜的反射差异明显,甚至可以影响到440 nm处叶绿素的吸收峰;350～900 nm范围内,甚薄油膜的反射光谱普遍高于海水的反射光谱,但540～900 nm范围内缺乏明显的吸收反射特征;在近红外920～2 500 nm范围内没有明显的光谱响应.结合海面甚薄油膜光谱响应特征分析,指出海面甚薄油膜存在平行多光束干涉现象,入射到薄膜内的光由于多次反射和折射导致了海面可见光/近红外光谱反射率的增加,为海面甚薄油膜遥感探测提供了理论依据.     

Quantitative analysis of surface plasmon interaction with silver nanoparticles

The present insight into plasmon effects on the nanoscale seems sufficiently advanced to allow the development of surface-plasmon-polariton- (SPP-) based optical devices. Therefore quantitative information describing SPP phenomena is required. We investigate a SPP beam splitter constituted by silver nanoparticles on a silver thin film, fabricated by electron-beam lithography. We acquire quantitative information on the beam splitter performance by monitoring SPP leakage radiation, yielding SPP reflection, transmission, and scattering efficiencies.     

Distribution of electric potential in oil film on water surface induced by charged disc in water

Charged disc-shaped objects are parts of many colloidal systems, as well as a model of discretely charged interfaces. An analytical expression for the distribution of electric potential inside dielectric wetting film between diluted electrolyte and dielectric media caused by a charged disc inside electrolyte was derived within the Debye–Hückel approximation with consideration of effects of boundary polarization. The accuracy and convergence of the expressions at different distances from the disc were analyzed. A comparison with point charge potential was discussed.     

Asymmetric total reflection of polarized neutrons and the neutron as a surface probe

Total reflection of neutrons which are polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence is invariant to beam reversal in the usual formalism of the index of refraction for neutrons. A modified formalism which includes the spin-orbit interaction of the neutrons in the electric field present at the surface of the reflecting medium is developed in this paper. The asymmetry predicted is proportional to the surface dipole potential of the mirror and provides a method of direct measurement of the surface dipole.     

A method for measuring the thickness of transparent oil film on water surface using laser trigonometry

We present a method for measurement of thickness of transparent oil film on water surface based on laser trigonometry. With an oblique incident mode of single-point laser triangulation ranging system, laser light is incident on the upper and lower surfaces of the oil film being measured and an ellipse light spot is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the oil film. The two light spots are imaged on an image plane CCD by an imaging lens and the image spot is formed and stored in a computer. The thickness of oil film being measured can be obtained by displacement of the image spot and the configuration parameter of the imaging system. The experiment is conducted using edible peanut oil and diesel oil. The research results show that the method presented in this paper is feasible and applicable to dynamic on-line measurement of oil film thickness of oil spill on sea surface.     

AMT在青铜器文物表面形成缓蚀膜的计算分析

利用密度泛函(DFT)、概念DFT、Electron Localization Function(ELF)和Fukui函数中的亲电反应函数及Multiwfn软件,在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)基组水平上研究了5-氨基-2-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑[AMT(a)]及其同分异构体[AMT(b)]和四面体型配合物i Thiol-Cu-2AMT的几何构型和反应特性.通过计算研究发现,首先AMT(b)与青铜器表面的Cu2+形成平面型配合物i Thiol-Cu后再与AMT(b)相互作用,并最终形成不规则的四面体型i Thiol-Cu-2AMT.在i Thiol-Cu-2AMT中Cu19能与AMT(b)中的亲核性原子有效地结合,形成四面体结构后将Cu19离子保护起来,达到了保护青铜器不受腐蚀的目的;对i Thiol-Cu-2AMT结构中的活性位置分析及ELF拓扑研究后发现,在i Thiol-Cu-2AMT中N6、N15、S26和S35原子又可以与其它的Cu2+相互作用,逐步形成配位型聚合物保护膜[i Thiol-Cu-2AMT]n.     

Effect of solid surface on the formation of thin confined lubricating film of water with micro-content of oil

The formation of confined film between two contacting surfaces is significant for evaluating the lubricating ability of liquid. A micro-content of oil in water was experimentally demonstrated to be significantly effective to the film formation of water, which was much thicker than predicted by elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. The effect of solid surface characteristics on the liquid film confined in a nanogap has been investigated. The film forming performances of such films were presented. The work of adhesion between two different phases was calculated, and the competitive wetting behaviours of water and oil on different solid surfaces were employed to understand the film formation mechanism.     

Circular ripple formation on the silicon wafer surface after interaction with linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses in air and water environments

Ultrashort laser pulse interaction with the surface of silicon wafer in air and water environments is investigated. Ti:sapphire laser with 40 femtosecond laser pulses at 790 nm and 10 Hz repetition rate was used. The ablation threshold of the silicon surface in the air was determined to be about 0.28 J cm^?2. The surface morphology was studied by using scanning electron microscope images. The size of the regular ripples formed in the air environment is a little smaller than the laser wavelength. Due to the nonlinear interaction and self-focusing before the target, the ripples size reduced to nearly a half of the laser wavelength in the water. Moreover, the spikes’ structure formation and their diameter in air and water were studied. Two regimes for spike formation in water are proposed that can explain the anomalous decrease of the spikes’ diameter in higher fluence. During the interaction of single linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse with the surface, an irregular ripple formation that called circular ripple is observed. This structure which is a result of radiation pressure implies to the surface by the end of the pulse. A new physical model for interpretation of the circular ripples formation based on the ponderomotive force of an ultrashort pulse laser is proposed which can predict the size of the circular ripples. The calculated results are in accordance with our experimental findings.     

Effect of surface physicochemical properties on the lubricating properties of water film

Effect of surface physicochemical properties on the water film confined within a nanogap was investigated. The film thickness and friction force were measured by the Relative Optical Interference Intensity (ROII) method and a UMT-2MT tribotester. It was found that the confined water film formed the thicker lubricate film than the prediction of elastic-isoviscous lubrication theory. Experimental results indicate that the higher the solid/water interfacial energy is, the thicker lubricate film the highly viscous “interphase” water layer forms and the lower the friction force is.     

Torsion and interaction of polarized photons

The contribution of the interacting vector and pseudovector torsion components to the interaction of polarized photons in an atomic sodium vapor is investigated. Estimates are obtained for the parameters of the gauge-theoretical model of gravitation.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 50–55, December, 1991.     

非均一相互作用能对超薄膜生长影响的Monte Carlo模拟研究

利用Monte Carlo (MC)模拟技术研究了非均一的吸附原子与基底相互作用能在一定的生长条件下对超薄膜生长过程的影响.非均一相互作用能是由基底表面原子在垂直和水平方向上实际位置与理想晶格原子位置的偏差所造成.本文用高斯分布来表示这种非均一相互作用能.模拟结果表明:非均一相互作用能对超薄膜的生长过程及薄膜的形貌有显著的影响.这种影响同时受到生长条件的限制,在中等温度时相互作用能的非均一性对岛的个数、平均大小的影响最显著;温度的增加在一定程度上可抵御相互作用能的非均一性对薄膜生长的影响. 关键词： 薄膜生长 Monte Carlo 模拟 相互作用能