傅里叶变换红外光谱和近红外傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法无损鉴定中国字画

利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和近红外傅里叶变换拉曼(NIR FT-Raman)光谱法鉴定了中国字画,结果表明：与荧光光谱法相比,根据谱峰的强度和位置可更容易地将真伪字画区别开来。拉曼光谱和红外光谱相互印证,互相补充,在鉴定中具有快速、准确、操作简单、重复性好、不需对样品进行预处理的优点,适于珍贵字画的无损鉴定。     

色谱—傅里叶变换红外光谱联用技术

色谱和傅里叶红外光谱的联用是现代分析化学中重要的联用技术之一。本文介绍了最常用的气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)以及最近发展的超临界流体色谱(SFC)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)联用技术的最新进展,并对联用中常用的两种接口方式,即流动池法和色谱流动相消除法的优缺点作了讨论。     

傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法鉴定皮革产品

ATR-FTIR(傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法)技术分析皮革材料的结构,依据不同物质所得ATR谱的不同,从而快速、简便地分析出真皮革和人造革。该实验技术对样品具有非破坏性,能够准确地对皮革样品进行鉴定。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法快速测定5个品种大豆的主要组分

探索作物育种过程中从大量样本中快速筛选有益突变体的新方法.利用傅里叶红外光谱法从整体上对5种大豆的主要组分进行测定和分析.结果表明:大豆的脂肪酸、皂苷、异黄酮(3298-1746cm-1)、蛋白质(1655-1398cm-1、1059cm-1)和核酸、磷脂(1240-1159cm-1、1001cm-1)等主要组分均具有...     

农作物锈病叶傅里叶变换红外光谱检测方法研究

在农作物生产中,不合理使用化学农药来防治植物病害的现象普遍存在,严重影响产品品质及食用安全,快速鉴别植物病害并采取合理的防治措施对提高农作物品质具有重要意义。利用红外光谱三级鉴别法（傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、二阶导数红外光谱（SD-IR）及二维相关红外光谱（2D-IR））对蚕豆、玉米、葱和蒜正常叶、锈病叶病斑处及病斑附近绿色部位进行了研究。结果显示,正常叶、病斑附近绿色部位及锈病叶病斑处的光谱吸收峰强度和形状存在微小差异。原始光谱中正常叶、病斑附近绿色部位及锈病叶病斑处的几个吸收强度比存在差异,蚕豆的正常叶、病斑附近绿色部位及锈病叶病斑处的吸收强度比A_{1 410}/A_{1 646}分别为0.698,0.624和0.616,A_{2 926}/A_{1 646}相应比值分别为0.665,0.638和0.552;玉米的相应比值A_{1 649}/A_{1 055}分别为0.813,0.696,0.691,A_{1 382}/A_{1 055}相应比值分别为0.552,0.478和0.465,A_{2 926}/A_{1 055}相应比值分别为0.574,0.467和0.469;葱的相应比值A_{1 382}/A_{1 061}分别为0.843,0.821和0.704,A_{2 923}/A_{1 061}相应比值分别为0.707,0.680和0.489;以上锈病叶病斑处及病斑附近绿色部位的几个峰强比均比正常叶小。二阶导数红外光谱在1 800～800 cm-1范围内,正常叶、病斑附近绿色部位及锈病叶病斑处的吸收峰的形状及强度显示明显差异。二维相关红外光谱显示,正常叶、锈病叶病斑处及病斑附近绿色部位在860～1 690 cm-1范围内自动峰和交叉峰的位置、数目及强度存在显著差异。蚕豆正常叶出现4个强自动峰,2组强的正交叉峰;病斑附近绿色部位出现5个强自动峰,4组强正交叉峰;锈病叶病斑处出现2个最强自动峰和5个中强自动峰,5组强正交叉峰;蚕豆锈病叶病斑处自动峰强度最强,而正常叶的各个自动峰的强度最低。玉米正常叶出现9个强自动峰,12组强的正交叉峰;病斑附近绿色部位出现11个强自动峰,3组最强的正交叉峰和11组中强正交叉峰;锈病叶病斑处出现6个强自动峰,3组强正交叉峰;蒜正常叶出现9个强自动峰,8组强的正交叉峰;病斑附近绿色部位出现2个最强自动峰和9个次强自动峰,10组强正交叉峰;锈病叶病斑处出现6个强自动峰,1组强正交叉峰;玉米和蒜病斑附近绿色部位的各个自动峰的强度最强,而锈病叶病斑处自动峰和交叉峰强度最弱。葱正常叶出现9个强自动峰,5组强的正交叉峰;病斑附近绿色部位出现8个强自动峰,3组强正交叉峰;锈病叶病斑处出现3个强自动峰,无正交叉峰出现。葱正常叶的各个自动峰的强度最强,而锈病叶病斑处自动峰强度最弱。结果表明,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合二阶导数红外光谱及二维相关红外光谱能简单、快速地鉴别研究农作物锈病叶,有望为农作物病害提供一种光谱检测方法。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析复印纸的研究

建立了一种利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术快速检验复印纸的新方法。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对复印纸中填料种类和纤维素的结晶度进行了分析,并研究了复印纸热老化和紫外光老化的规律。以1 429与893 cm-1的吸光度比值表示纤维素的结晶度,测定不同纸张样品的结晶度的标准偏差为0.010 7～0.016 0,同一包纸样的平均标准偏差为0.014 8。不同厂家不同牌号、相同厂家不同牌号、相同厂家相同牌号不同生产时间复印纸中添加的填料种类和纤维素的结晶度不同,热老化和紫外光老化规律不同, 实现了对复印纸的鉴别,为纸张的相同性比对和同一认定提供了一种实用的检验方法。     

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法鉴定小麦品种

利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱法分析了8个不同小麦品种根部的红外光谱图,对红外光谱图的吸收峰进行了归属分析,通过对各谱图的比对发现,在相同波数范围内,不同的小麦品种其红外谱图的形状、波数及吸收峰的多少有所不同。结果表明不同小麦品种的红外光谱图有明显的差异,其一在2800～2980cm-1波数范围内,此区反映的主要是甲基、亚甲基的伸缩振动,化合物分子链的长短、分子量的大小在此区有显现;其二差别较大的区域在1510～1730cm-1范围内,它反映的主要是酰胺的氮原子及α碳原子取代基的性质,可能是源于基因的差异,此区域内谱图差异较大。因此FTIR光谱法可用于不同小麦品种的鉴别。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究核辐照对丹参粉成分的影响

采用红外光谱法对经不同剂量核辐照的丹参粉样品进行了对比研究,比较了它们红外光谱的异同。丹参粉的红外光谱主要由蔗糖、葡萄糖及含C=O的各种化合物的吸收带组成。低辐照剂量(不高于12kGy)处理的丹参粉的组成成分的化学结构及含量几乎未发生变化;较高辐照剂量(等于或大于15kGy)处理的丹参粉的部分药用有效成分(丹酚酸、丹参素、丹参酮ⅡA 3种有效成分)的化学结构及含量已经发生了变化。表明采用适当剂量(不高于12kGy)的~(60)Coγ射线核辐照杀灭丹参粉中污染微生物和各种寄生虫卵是可取的。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究肺组织切片

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪并借助OMNI采样器直接、快速地测定了正常肺组织及肺癌组织的红外光谱,通过研究表明,正常肺组织与肺癌组织样品的红外光谱在峰位、峰强及峰形等方面均存在明显而有规律的红外光谱差异,这反映了组织中的蛋白质、核酸和脂类等生物分子在不同性质的组织中含量上的差异。研究表明,FTIR可从分子水平上揭示正常肺组织和肺癌组织的特性,能对正常肺组织和肺癌组织的良、恶性的鉴别提供丰富而可靠的结构信息。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法应用于中药砂仁真伪鉴别的研究

为了直接准确地鉴别砂仁及其伪品的真伪, 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法直接测定砂仁及其伪品的红外光谱。结果阳春砂、绿壳砂、海南砂的红外光谱差别不大,而砂仁与其伪品红壳砂仁、海南假砂仁、华山姜及山姜的红外光谱吸收差别较大。对同一批次的不同样品进行了重复性试验,二阶导数傅里叶变换红外光谱正峰值的峰位一致率检验结果无显著性差异存在,说明可以采用FTIR法直接、快速、准确地对阳春砂、绿壳砂、海南砂与其伪品红壳砂仁、海南假砂仁、华山姜及山姜进行区别鉴定。     

FTIR用于第4代太空诱变育种黄芩的分析

首次从整体上测定并对比分析了我国独创的太空诱变育种黄芩和地面组黄芩,以期为全面了解第4代太空诱变黄芩品质的变化和深入研究积累资料.结果表明两组样品的FTIR光谱的主要吸收峰的峰位、峰形大致相同,但吸收峰的强度却有明显差异,太空组黄芩中各主要吸收峰强度都比地面组明显增强,尤其是黄芩的主要活性成分黄酮类化合物(黄芩甙、黄芩素、汉黄芩甙、汉黄芩素及黄芩新素等)在3 391,1 655,1 069 cm-1等处吸收峰强度明显比地面组增强,说明太空组黄芩中主要活性成分黄酮类化合物及其他成分含量比地面组明显提高.这表明太空组黄芩的非晶态活性成分明显得到了优化.太空诱变育种有利于选育出活性成分提高的黄芩新品种,是中药材种质资源创新的快捷有效的途径之一.     

XRF法对航天育种黄芩的分析

利用X射线荧光光谱法(XRE),测定第4代航天育种黄芩的元素种类和含量,并与同条件下种植收获的地面组黄芩进行比较分析,初步分析了空间效应对黄芩元素的影响.结果表明,两组样品元素种类基本无改变,即两组样品富集元素种类是一致的,但太空组黄芩元素含量有所变化,Ca,Na,Zn,S含量比地面纽分别提高了0.3,0.3,0.04...     

Changes in the chemical composition of primary cosmic radiation at ultrahigh energies

The signals from particles of extensive air showers in the energy region of 10¹⁷–10²⁰ eV in both the surface and underground scintillation detectors of the Yakutsk array are calculated using the CORSIKA 6.616 and GEANT4 software packages and compared with experimental data. It is shown that a transition from a heavy primary composition to proton primaries at energies (1–2.6) × 10¹⁸ eV and from primary protons again to heavy primaries at energies above 1.3 × 10¹⁹ eV might be observed.     

The effects of chemical composition and distribution on the preservation of phytolith morphology

Different types of phytolith even when coming from the same plant react to high temperatures in different ways. To understand the behavior of phytoliths upon heating, we examined composition and distribution of some elements within different phytolith types using SEM-EDS and synchrotron radiation μ-X-ray fluorescence. By analyzing phytoliths from rice husk, rice leaf and Than tree leaf, we find that the compositions and distributions of metal oxides within different phytolith types are quite different. It is well known that metal oxides have been used as fluxing agent to reduce the melting temperature of SiO₂ in the production of glass, and different metal oxides can be used to produce a variety of glass with diverse features. Similarly, metal elements including potassium, magnesium and calcium in phytoliths should also act as a fluxing agent under high temperature, and the differential compositions and distributions of these metal elements within the phytoliths resulted in the variable reaction to heating. In sum, there is a negative relationship between the flux elements composition in phytoliths, and the temperatures at which phytoliths deform; furthermore, potassium and calcium in the rice leaf phytolith are almost evenly distributed in all parts, which may cause the phytolith’s shape to deform evenly. In comparison, Than tree leaf phytolith is found to have a high percentage of potassium and calcium located exclusively on the outside, which may explain why the deformation of Than tree leaf phytolith occurs firstly at the outside.     

Influence of the chemical structure of (co)polymer resists on their sensitivity to radiation

Resists operating via two mechanisms, i.e., disruption of the main chain and hydrolysis of side functional groups occurring upon EUV and electron beam irradiation, are studied as a function of the chemical composition of a polymer substrate. We show that the latter, belonging to the group of chemically amplified resists, are an order of magnitude more sensitive to radiation and possess outstanding contrast, as compared with disruptive type resists.     

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) application chemical characterization of enamel,dentin and bone

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used extensively for chemical characterization of mineralized tissues in the past few decades. FTIR is an ideal technique to analyze chemical structural properties of natural materials, since the frequencies of several vibrational modes of organic and inorganic molecules are active in the infrared. This review discusses the use of FTIR methodology, highlighting the attenuated total reflection (ATR) sampling mode, particularly for characterization of enamel, dentin and bone tissues. Enamel, dentin and bone, are composed of an organic and a mineral phase. The mineral phase is characterized essentially as nonstoichiometric substituted apatite, being the carbonate and phosphate spectral peaks the main representative of these phase. Organic matrix of the post-eruptive enamel is small (～1% weight (wt)). The dentin and bone organic phases are mainly composed of type I collagen that appears as spectral bands of amide I, amide II, amide III bands. Furthermore, synthetic apatite materials are being designed for total or partial replacement, restoration or augmentation of these biological tissues with FTIR assistance.     

Use of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique for determination of the composition of final phosphate coatings on grain-oriented electrical steel

Electrical steels are highly specialised, magnetically soft materials, used to form the cores that carry the magnetic flux in electrical machines such as motors, generators and transformers.     

材料化学分析的物理方法(Ⅱ)

原子核由一定数量的白旋为1／2的质子和中子组成．其总自旋视原子核的构成而各异自旋的原子核象个小磁体．无外加磁场时．原子核的自旋取向是随机分布的．加上一外磁场，则原子核的自旋取向受磁场的约束出现有规则的分布．以1H^1原子核为例．自旋，：1／2，在磁场下分为自旋为1／2和-1／2的两个分量．能量相差     

A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) study of oleate adsorbed on magnetite nano-particle surface

Magnetite nano-particles were coated with sodium oleate and the spectral behaviour of the coating layer was studied by FTIR spectroscopy after the particles had been heated in air and argon. Magnetite was synthesized by controlled co-precipitation and subsequently coated with sodium oleate. Thermal analysis in combination with mass spectroscopy was carried out to support the FTIR spectroscopic interpretations, but also to monitor the decomposition and surface reaction of oleate adsorbed on the magnetite surface. It was deduced from FTIR and TGA results that the oleate molecules are bonded to iron atoms by a bidentate mononuclear complex and form essentially a single layer with a distance between oleate molecules of ∼36 Å². It was shown by IR as well as Raman spectroscopy that oleic acid, when heated in air, undergoes decomposition implying that new carbon-oxygen bonds are formed. Heating the iron oxide-oleate system in air also implies oxidation of the double bond at the C:9 position of the alkyl chain and formation of intermediate oxygen-rich molecules. An enthalpy change of ΔH = 49.86 J/g was obtained for oleate desorption/decomposition at ∼350 °C under argon atmosphere and a carbonaceous graphitic species resulted from this decomposition.     

Secondary radiation in the x-ray fluorescence analysis of samples with arbitrary composition

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 55, No. 6, pp. 928–934, December, 1991.