脉冲直流电喷雾电离质谱法现场快速检测尿液中28种芬太尼类新精神活性物质

开发了脉冲直流电喷雾电离质谱(pulsed-dc-ESI-MS)法用于尿液中28种芬太尼类新精神活性物质的快速检测。尿液经乙酸乙酯液液萃取后取上清液，采用pulsed-dc-ESI进样。结果表明，该方法的检测时间为2 s左右，检出限为0.001～0.5 ng/mL，定量限为0.005～2 ng/mL。在3个数量级的质量浓度范围内，28种芬太尼类新精神活性物质均有良好的线性关系，相关系数(R²)均大于0.99，方法回收率在92.6%～106.3%之间，相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。该方法可用于尿液中芬太尼类新精神活性物质的现场快速检测。     

痕量硒的催化褪色法测定

研究了在盐酸介质中，以EDTA作掩蔽剂，痕量硒(Ⅳ)强化催化氯酸钾氧化2-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚（5-NO2-PADAP）褪色反应及其动力学条件，建立了催化动力学测定痕量硒的新方法。方法检出限为0.0183цg/L Se(Ⅳ)，该法用于测定人发中痕量硒，结果令人满意。     

新荧光试剂5-(4-氟苯偶氮)-8-水杨醛缩氨基喹啉荧光法测定痕量铜

合成了新荧光试剂5-(4-)氟苯偶氮)-8-水杨醛缩氨基喹啉(p-FPSAQ)，探讨了与Cu^2 反应的荧光性质。在pH8．5的缓冲体系中，p-FPSAQ与Cu^2 形成2：1络合物；线性范围5．0～90．0ng／L，检出限为2．43ng／L，可用于自来水中铜的测定。     

MX2(AsH3)2(M=Pd,Pt;X=Cl,Br,I)的含时密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函方法(B3LYP)优化了MX2(AsH3)2[M=Pd；X=Cl(1)，Br(2)，I(3)和M=Pt；X=Cl(4)，Br(5)，I(6)]的基态结构，得到的几何参数与实验结果符合．以基态几何为基础，将TD-DFT方法用于计算标题配合物的电子吸收光谱．研究结果表明，金属的dx2-y2与配体所组成的反键轨道为LUMO轨道，从而该类配合物具有d-d跃迁属性的吸收带；在多数跃迁过程中，配体也有较大的贡献．     

羧甲基壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/甘油环氧树脂蛇笼型复合螯合膜的制备及对金属离子的吸附性能

以交联甘油环氧树脂交联的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为笼树脂，羧甲基壳聚糖(CCTS)为蛇树脂制备了具有蛇笼结构的复合螯合膜，研究了其对Cu^2 、Ni^2 、Pb^2 、Fe^3 、Zn^2 ，Hg”^2 、Cd^2 等金属离子的吸附性能，研究表明，该树脂对Cu^2 、Ni^2 、Pb^2 有较好的吸附性能，其中PVA是对Cu^2 的吸附的主要贡献者，而CCTS则是在对Ni^2 的吸附中起主要作用。该树脂可以用于含Cu^2 废水的处理。     

高效液相色谱法测定油脂中抗氧化剂BHA、TBHQ

采用乙腈浸提油脂中抗氧化剂叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)，用以乙腈-水淋洗的反相高效液相色谱法测定提取液中BHA，TBHQ，回收率为92.42％～96．69％，变异系数为2．26％～2．88％，方法简便、快速、准确，已用于油脂中抗氧化剂BHA、TBHQ的测定。     

N-(1,3,2-二氧杂环己烷磷酸酯-2-取代亚甲基)硫代磷酰胺的合成和ESI质谱研究

本文合成了N-(1,3,2-二氧杂环己烷磷酸酯-2-取代亚甲基)硫代磷酰胺，利用核磁共振谱、阳离子ESI质谱和ESI多级质谱鉴定了化合物的结构，对质谱的碎裂规律进行了解释，结果显示ESI多级质谱可以用于N-(1,3,2-二氧杂环己烷磷酸酯-2-取代亚甲基)硫代磷酰胺的结构解析。     

磁性纳米固体碱催化剂MgAI-OH-LDHs／NiFe2O4的合成、表征与性能研究

提出用镁铝水滑石包覆镍铁尖晶石，制备磁性纳米固体碱催化剂MgAl-OH-LDHs／NiFe2O4．用XRD，IR，TG-DTA，BET，XPS，VSM和TEM等技术及丙酮缩合反应表征了催化剂的结构和性能．结果表明该催化剂具有以NiFe2O4为磁核，以MgAl-OH-LDHs为BrФnsted碱催化活性相，通过Mg-O-Fe(Ni)和／或Al-O-Fe(Ni)连接于磁核上的包覆结构，给出了该催化剂的结构模型．该催化剂用于丙酮缩合反应，273K双丙酮醇转化率略高于MgAl-OH-LDHs，然而经外加磁场回收所得回收率大幅度提高，再次用于该反应仍保持较高的催化活性．     

芯片式流通池顺序注射可更新表面反射光谱法用于酶反应检测

将芯片式流通池顺序注射可更新表面反射光谱法用于酶反应检测。HRP催化H2O2氧化BPR底物的反应用于对H2O2的检测。此反应体系与葡萄糖氧化酶联用，用于对血清中葡萄糖的检测。     

正交试验设计法研究DCDAM试剂与钒(Ⅴ)的显色反应

文献[1]已报道了二安替比林及其衍生物类显色剂与高价金属离子的显色反应条件。本文采用正交试验设计法研究了2，4—二氯苯基二安替比林甲烷(DCDAM)试剂与痕量钒的最佳显色条件，在该条件下与文献[2]报道的显色体系相比，灵敏度大有提高，并用于钒矿渣中钒(Ⅴ)的测定，结果满意。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。