国内外分析化学教材比较

目前分析化学已发展到分析科学阶段 ,相应的分析化学基础教材也须与时俱进 ,进行改革。本文从编排、内容、知 能结构及教材的趣味性等几个方面对国内外分析化学教材进行比较 ,从而为国内分析化学教材的改革起一定的借鉴作用。     

高等学校化学类专业分析化学相关教学内容与教学要求建议

论述了分析化学教学在化学类专业人才培养中的重要地位,阐述了制订分析化学教学内容和教学要求建议的必要性和制订的依据,指出了该建议的使用原则。从知识、能力和素质三个方面明确了化学类专业分析化学理论相关教学的基本内容和要求。对当前我国分析化学教学研究、教学建设、教材建设和教学效果评价等方面具有参考指导作用。     

试论大学理科分析化学教材建设

从分析化学的理论体系与学科发展的角度出发,讨论了当前大学理科分析化学教材编写中存在的问题,探讨了分析化学教材的结构体系以及所应涵盖的章节内容.     

高校EMI分析化学实验教学课堂实践与思考*

结合以英语为媒介的高校分析化学实验课程教学经验,根据实际教学与管理情况,对全英文实验教学课程所面临的具体问题进行了全面梳理与分析,在课程教材、教学方式、实验室建设以及课程管理等4个方面进行了初步的探讨并提出了相应的解决方案,可为提高全英文实验课程教学质量,进而整体带动全英文专业课程教学的发展,以及为不断提升国际化教学水平提供参考。     

对分析化学教材体系改革的一点思考

分析化学教材体系目前是按照技术模式进行分类的,本文就这一分类模式的现状和存在的问题进行了探讨,对分析化学教材体系改革提出了看法。     

分析化学教材内容和体系的改革

分析化学已有一些很好的教材,特别是高等教育出版社出版的武汉大学主编的《分析化学》作为高等学校教材已在许多学校使用,是一本优秀教材,现已修订至第三版。许多学校也出版了自己的有特色的教材。这些教材从体系上来看,作为化学分析的核心部分滴定分析法一直是按照化学反应分类而设章,即按酸碱滴定法、络合滴定法、氧化还原滴定法、沉淀滴定法来编写。按照“面向２１世纪教学内容和课程体系改革”的要求,从课程学时的减少、分析化学与无机化学某些内容的重复及自身的重复考虑,教材的建设和改革是势在必行的,打破原来的体系已成为一…     

分析化学教学体系重构之思考

结合分析化学学科的发展和分析化学学科的内涵定义,对现行分析化学课程的教学内容进行了分析,指出了现行分析化学课程教学的缺失,提出了以识别与信号传导原理、分析质量控制与保证原理、分析方法原理与技术、分析技术平台等主要知识模块构成分析化学教学体系的设想,并以教学案例进行了初步的探索。     

分析化学教材中t检验内容的探讨

t检验是显著性检验的一种,在分析数据的评价、分析方法的筛选、样品质量的监测中都能发挥重要作用。从形式上,t检验可以分为与标准值的比较、配对t检验和非配对t检验。但在国内通用的普通高等学校分析化学教材中,有关t检验的内容篇幅较少,只是简单介绍了基本概念和非配对t检验。相比之下,国外的分析化学教材通过丰富的实例将这一部分内容讲解得更为生动透彻,易于学生掌握与理解。本文结合国内外教材,阐述t检验的重要性和实用性,提出分析化学学科特色应融入更系统完整的统计学内容的观点,为建设更具科学性的分析化学教材提供建议和思路。     

我国大学化学教材建设历史简述

从晚晴时期-民国时期-新中国成立后3个历史时期，简述我国大学化学教材建设的历史；客观地阐述从化学教育首次进入我国教育体系后，大学化学教材建设的历程、发展和成果。2011年后，随着精品课程和在线课程的建设发展，信息技术与教材建设深度融合，我国大学化学教材建设将进一步发展，更具中国特色。     

国内外药学专业分析化学教材的比较

通过对近年来国内外药学专业使用的分析化学教材的比较,总结了不同教材的特点,讨论了我国药学专业使用的分析化学教材和发达国家同类教材的区别及差距,分析了今后教材的发展趋势。     

Investigation of the sorption of water vapor on cation-substituted vermiculite. 2. Thermodynamic description of sorption equilibria

The changes in the thermodynamic functions of the sorbents were calculated for the first time from measurements of the deformations of vermiculite during the sorption of water vapor and adsorption-calorimetric data.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Institute of Colloid Chemistry and the Chemistry of Water, Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, 252180 Kiev. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1270–1275, June, 1992.     

Thermodynamics of ionization of water over wide ranges of temperature and pressure

We have summarized results of many experimental investigations of the thermodynamics of ionization of H₂O(liq.) from 0–300°C and from 1.0 atm to nearly 8000 atm. Results of these investigations (equilibrium constants, enthalpies of ionization, heat capacities, partial molal volumes, and compressibilities) have been used for a number of thermodynamic calculations. It is particularly noteworthy that it is possible to use thermal data from 0–145°C with an equilibrium constant for 25°C in calculating reasonably accurate equilibrium constants for temperatures as high as 300°C. Similarly, it is possible to use volumetric data that refer to 1.0 atm in calculating useful equilibrium constants that apply for pressures as high as 2000 atm.Much of the work reported here was done while the author was on leave at the University of Lethbridge.     

Thermodynamics of lonization of aqueous lodic acid,an “almost-strong” electrolyte

We have made calorimetric measurements of enthalpies of dilution of aqueous iodic acid and have used these results for evaluation of the standard enthalpy of ionization of HIO₃(aq.). We have also made calorimetric measurements of enthalpies of addition of perchloric acid solution to aqueous solutions of KIO₃, KNO₃, NaIO₃, and NaNO₃ and have used these results to obtain further values for the standard enthalpy of ionization of HIO₃(aq.). On the basis of all these results, we have selected H^o=–660±125 cal-mole^–1 as the best available standard enthalpy of ionization of HIO₃(aq.) at 298.15°K, compared to the previously accepted –2400 cal-mole^–1. Using the best available K=0.157 for ionization, we also obtain G^o=1097 cal-mole^–1 and S^o=–5.9 cal-^oK^–1-mole^–1 for ionization of HIO₃(aq) at 298.15°K.On study leave from Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia, to University of Lethbridge.On study leave from Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, N.S.W. 2500, Australia, to University of Lethbridge.     

Thermochemical study of aliphatic and phenyl-substituted geminal diacetates

The standard enthalpies of combustion _c H ^o of aliphatic diacetates1 and aromatic diacetates2 were measured calorimetrically. The enthalpies of vaporization _vap H ^o or sublimation _sub H ^o of1 and2 were obtained from the temperature function of the vapor pressure measured in a flow system. From _f H ^o(g) of1 and2 new values of group increments for the estimation of standard enthalpies of formation of these classes of compounds were derived. The geminal interaction energy between the geminal acyloxy groups shows no anomeric stabilization.Geminal Substituent Effects, Part 12, for part 11 see Ref. 7.     

Relation between characteristic adsorption energy and internal pressure in the theory of volume filling of micropores

An equation for the internal pressure acting on an adsorbate in micropores was obtained on the basis of the assumption that the chemical potential of an adsorbate in micropores is equal to that in an equilibrium gas phase and using the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. The empirical relation between the characteristic adsorption energy and the half width of pores was expressed in terms of internal pressure and diameter of adsorbate molecules. The two-dimensional pressure was calculated for micropores with plane-parallel walls, where the width of a micropore coincides with the diameter of an adsorbate molecule. The results obtained were compared with the two-dimensional pressure of a monolayer on a free planar surface for an adsorbate and adsorbent of the same nature.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1928–1930, October, 1995.     

Thermochemistry of aqueous solutions of alkylated nucleic acid bases. VIII. Enthalpies of hydration of 6-alkyluracils

Enthalpies of solution in water H _sol ^o and enthalpies of sublimation H _sub ^o were determined for a number of crystalline derivatives of uracil: 1,6-dimethyluracil (m ₂ ^1,6 Ura), 1,3,6-trimethyluracil (m ₃ ^1,3,6 Ura), 6-ethyl-1,3-dimethyluracil (e⁶m ₂ ^1,3 Ura), 6-propyl-1,3-dimethyluracil (pr⁶m ₂ ^1,3 Ura) and 6-butyl-1,3-dimethyluracil (but⁶m ₂ ^1,3 Ura). Standard enthalpies of hydration H _hydr ^o and standard enthalpies of interaction H _int ^o of the solutes with their hydration shells were calculated. The data obtained show that dependence of H _int ^o on the number of-CH₂- groups of n-alkyl chain added upon substitution of diketopyrimidine ring is nonlinear. This finding is discussed in connection with results of X-ray diffraction structure determinations for the crystalline compounds.     

STUDIES ON THE REACTIVITY PATTERNS OF HETEROCYCLICS IN AQUEOUS DMSO‐INTERACTION BETWEEN POSITIVE END OF SULFOXIDE DIPOLE AND LONE PAIR ON RING NITROGEN IN PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES

Abstract

The signals for the α, β, and γ protons of pyridine exhibit a downfield shift in DMSO-d₆, compared to CCl₄ as solvent, the order being γ > β > α. This is attributed to an interaction between the positive end of the DMSO dipole and the lone pair of electrons on the ring nitrogen. This effect is also reflected in the faster rate of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl isonicotinate over ethyl nicotinate and ethyl picolinate in aqueous DMSO relative to aqueous ethanol. Similar solvent effects are also observed in the pmr spectrum of pyrazine.     

Protonation of leucoemeraldine in the solid state and in solution

The protonation of leucoemeraldine in power form and in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) solution by HCIO₄ and HBF₄ has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectroscopy. In powder form, less than 25% of the amine nitrogens can be protonated in the absence of oxygen. The effects of oxygen on the degree of protonation and the distribution of amine and imine units upon deprotonation of the salt are investigated. The degree of protonation in leuccemeraldine can be increased to about 50% with 3 M HCIO₄, similar to that achievable with emeraldine base in powder form. In NMP solution, leucoemeraldine is easily oxidized by dissolved oxygen. Protonation of both leucoemeraldine and emeraldine base in NMP solutions results in metastable species which gradually undergo deprotonation. The resulting products are affected by the O₂ content of the solutions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

钾明矾溶液水解度计算公式

根据盐类水解关系式和水的离子积计算公式,建立了计算盐类水解度和水解产物离解常数的完全方程式。计算值同实验值比较,钾明矾溶液水解度平均偏差为0.6％,离解常数pK_b=11.6±0.1,水的离子积pK_w平均偏差小于0.06,从而改进了苏联的计算公式。     

碳量子点上转换材料的制备及其应用研究进展

碳量子点(CQD)具有化学惰性,生物相容性和低毒性等优势,可能在能源、生物医药等领域得到广泛的应用. CQD可通过表面被聚合物(例如PEG)钝化而表现出很强的光致发光特性.在生物成像,疾病检测和药物输送中使用表面钝化后的功能化生物分子更为有效.并且碳材料由于其优异的电化学性能还展现出在催化、电子器件等许多领域广泛的应用前景.我们将对近年来碳量子点发光材料的研究进行总结,并讨论碳量子点在能源、环境和其他一些领域的应用.