燃烧产物组成激光诱导荧光光谱的测量

对激光诱导荧光（LIF）光谱技术在燃烧过程中的应用进行研究，介绍测量燃烧过程中常见自由基OH和NO的LIF光谱的实验方案，以及采用激光诱导荧光光谱技术测量小分子荧光光谱的方法，利用YAG激光器、染料激光器、CO2激光器、光谱仪、ICCD等设备对燃烧产物中常见小分子自由基OH和NO进行了测量，从实验中得到了自由基OH和NO的荧光光谱。实验结果表明，荧光光谱与激发波长无关，但是激发波长改变后，荧光强度因离开最佳波长而有所下降，这符合分子荧光光谱的特征。与其他光谱技术相比，激光诱导荧光光谱技术具有极高的选择性和灵敏度。     

运动训练大鼠的自体荧光研究

首次通过激光诱导荧光光谱技术(LIF)研究运动训练大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、脂肪以及前腿肌和后腿的比目鱼肌和腓肠肌的自体荧光光谱特性。测量所用的激发光波长为250～650 nm而发射波长为300～700 nm。比较参照组和3组不同运动状态组的三维荧光光谱,主要在腓肠肌的光谱中发现了和运动相关且位于激发波长(340±10)nm和发射波长(460±10)nm区域的特有荧光峰。根据这一荧光峰可以判别其对应的荧光物质是NADH(还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)。比较3组不同运动模式组的荧光光谱,发现运动模式与其峰强具有明显的相关性。研究结果表明,运动大鼠腓肠肌的能量代谢强于前腿、比目鱼肌及其他脏器,且NADH自体荧光光谱特性是判断肌肉代谢程度的有效的指标之一。     

染料掺杂液晶可调谐光纤荧光光源的研究

本文提出了染料掺杂液晶填充空心光纤构造荧光可调谐光源.基于染料分子能级结构理论分析B4400荧光光谱依赖温度的变化特性,采用脉宽8 ns,波长为532 nm YAG倍频脉冲激光器抽运,向列相液晶作基体,实验分析染料B4400掺杂液晶填充空心光纤荧光光谱选择性荧光放大规律及温度调谐特性.结果表明:通过控制染料浓度可控制荧光输出功率水平;当温度升高时,中心波长发生红移,中心波长调谐范围为590—605 nm;荧光谱宽呈单调展宽,调制范围为228—236 nm;染料掺杂液晶填充空心光纤荧光光源可实现一定范围内的温度调谐.     

Investigation of the spontaneous emission rate of perylene dye molecules encapsulated into three-dimensional nanofibers via FLIM method

The decay dynamics of perylene dye molecules encapsulated in polymer nanofibers produced by electrospinning of polymethyl methacrylate are investigated using a confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy technique. Time-resolved experiments show that the fluorescence lifetime of perylene dye molecules is enhanced when the dye molecules are encapsulated in a three-dimensional photonic environment. It is hard to produce a sustainable host with exactly the same dimensions all the time during fabrication to accommodate dye molecules for enhancement of spontaneous emission rate. The electrospinning method allows us to have a control over fiber diameter. It is observed that the wavelength of monomer excitation of perylene dye molecules is too short to cause enhancement within nanofiber photonic environment of 330 nm diameters. However, when these nanofibers are doped with more concentrated perylene, in addition to monomer excitation, an excimer excitation is generated. This causes observation of the Purcell effect in the three-dimensional nanocylindrical photonic fiber geometry.     

基于跃迁偶极矩取向特征研究乙醚溶液中分子的各向异性度

利用偏振荧光光谱和偏振激发光谱研究了乙醚溶液中荧光分子跃迁偶极距的取向特征.实验结果表明,在垂直线偏振光照射下,乙醚溶液发射出峰值位于305 nm的荧光谱,对应的最佳激励光波长为256 nm.由偏振激发光谱分析得到荧光体的吸收跃迁偶极矩和发射跃迁偶极矩间夹角α的变化规律,揭示了荧光去偏振过程：在粘性溶液中的荧光分子具有一定的偶极取向,α随激发光波长发生变化,当激发波长接近最佳激发光波长时,吸收跃迁偶极矩和发射跃迁偶极矩间趋于平行,荧光的退偏效果较弱,偏振度最大.研究结果能为分子空间取向特征的理论研究提供参考.     

电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS的光谱研究

实验研究了电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS在家兔心肌组织中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱特性。结果表明,含染料组织的光吸收普遍大于对照组,在450～550 nm波段吸收谱差异更明显;染料在心室组织中的最大吸收峰为(479.75±0.44) nm。通过测量含染料心脏不同部位的荧光光谱,首次发现心室组织、心房组织和主动脉的最大荧光峰位有一定差异,其相对荧光强度则与染料的分布浓度有关。根据三维和二维荧光光谱分别确定了含染料心房和心室组织的最佳荧光激发波长和荧光测定波长。利用心房和心室组织的静息电位差,在不同波长激发光下测量了染料的荧光光谱移动,确定了光标测量实验的最佳激发光和相应荧光检测波长范围。这些研究结果为心脏光学标测系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

Nonadiabatic nondegenerate excitation by optical near-field and its application to optical pulse-shape measurement

Using DCM dye grains and light of different wavelengths generated by two CW laser diodes that oscillate in the near-infrared wavelength region, visible light emission from dye grains due to near-infrared excitation based on a nonadiabatic, nondegenerate excitation process was observed for the first time. Unlike sum-frequency generation with nonlinear polarization, the difference in polarization angles of the two beams did not affect the emitted light intensity. Optical sampling based on this nonadiabatic, nondegenerate excitation principle was demonstrated for the first time. The optical pulse shape in the wavelength band of λ=1250–1350 nm, which is close to the wavelength range used for optical fiber communications, was measured with a temporal resolution of 0.8–1.1 ps.     

Computerized System of Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy

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NO分子A2Σ→X2Π双光子激光感生荧光光谱

以Nd∶YAG激光器抽运光学参变振荡器 /光学参变放大器做为激发源 ,得到了NO分子在 2 2 0～ 35 0nm波长范围内的双光子激光诱导荧光光谱 ,并将其归属于A2 Σ(ν′ =0 )→X2 Π(ν″ =1～ 8)跃迁 ,用最小二乘法拟合获得NO分子X2 Π态振动常量″ωe =(190 4 .7± 7.3)cm-1,″ωe ″xe =(14 .2± 1.2 )cm-1,″ωe″ye=- (0 .0 2 18± 0 .0 0 91)cm-1,及平衡位置的力常量k =(1.5 99± 0 .0 12 )× 10 3 N·m-1。计算了所得跃迁谱带的弗兰克康登因子及相对荧光强度 ,结果与实验观测值相符。这可为用激光诱导荧光光谱技术探测大气污染物NO分子提供理论及实验参考     

用光致荧光研究多碱阴极光电发射机理

本文介绍了多碱光电阴极的特点及其在微光像增强器中的应用,叙述了光致荧光的原理,探索了利用光致荧光方法来研究多碱阴极Na₂KSb膜层电子跃迁几率的方法,并测量了两个不同灵敏度多碱阴极的荧光谱及同一个多碱阴极在工作和非工作两种状态下的荧光谱.测试结果表明,多碱阴极的荧光强度与其电子跃迁的几率及阴极灵敏度成正比,同时多碱阴极在工作状态下,荧光强度比非工作状态下有所降低,原因是一部分跃迁电子逸出多碱阴极产生光电发射,而这部分电子不再回到基态,因此不再发出荧光.另外本文还测量了多碱阴极在不同波长激光激发条件下的荧光谱.结果表明,长波激发与短波激发相比,长波激发所获得的荧光强度更高,这说明长波激发产生跃迁电子的几率高,同时荧光谱峰值波长与激光波长的偏移较小,因此跃迁电子数多且能量损失小,有利于光电发射.将多碱阴极的荧光谱与多碱阴极的量子效率相比较,看出跃迁电子数量和所处能级这两个对光电发射过程有影响的关键因素中,能级因素对光电发射过程的影响更大.但对多碱阴极而言,由于短波激发时的电子跃迁几率低于长波激发时的电子跃迁几率,跃迁电子扩散过程中的能量损失较大,因此短波的量子效率随波长的增加而增加.实践证明,光致荧光是研究多碱阴极光电发射过程的一种有效手段,通过对多碱阴极荧光谱的研究,进一步揭示了多碱阴极的光电发射的机理,为进一步改进工艺和提高多碱阴极的灵敏度提供了重要的参考价值.     

煎炸食用油质量变化的同步荧光光谱研究

利用同步扫描荧光光谱法,并结合红外吸收光谱法对经过高温煎炸的几种食用油进行了分析和研究.实验发现,与新油相比煎炸后的食用油在370~380 nm附近的荧光峰消失,表明一些营养物质（如维生素E）的挥发或分解;而461 nm和479 nm附近出现的新荧光峰,和红外光谱区1745 cm附近的红外吸收增加表明油样中含有羰基C＝O基团的物质的增加.从而表明荧光光谱方法可以用来对煎炸食用油进行检测.     

Toluene laser-induced fluorescence for in-cylinder temperature imaging in internal combustion engines

A single-laser single-camera imaging technique was demonstrated for in-cylinder temperature distribution measurements in a direct-injection internal combustion engine. The single excitation wavelength two-color detection technique is based on toluene laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Toluene-LIF emission spectra show a red-shift with increasing temperature. Temperature can thus be determined from the ratio of the signal measured in two separate wavelength ranges independent of the local tracer concentration, laser pulse energy, and the intensity distribution. An image doubling and filtering system is used for the simultaneous imaging of two wavelength ranges of toluene LIF onto the chip of a single camera upon excitation at 248 nm. The measurements were performed in a spark-ignition engine with homogeneous charge and yielded temperature images with a single-shot precision of approximately ±?6%.     

阿达玛变换光谱显微成像分析乳腺癌组织肿瘤标志物的分布

自行研制的多功能阿达玛变换光谱成像显微系统具有获取微小组织样品的高分辨荧光光谱和荧光图像的能力。由于量子点具有激发区域宽、可以一元激发多元发射、荧光峰形狭窄、亮度高、抗光漂白能力强等特点,非常适合作为荧光标记物应用于光谱显微成像分析领域。采用荧光发射波长为610 nm的量子点荧光探针分别免疫标记乳腺癌标志物人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2) 和雌激素受体(ER),通过激光诱导荧光法和荧光原位光谱成像法分析癌组织中HER2和ER的光谱特征和定量信息,采用阿达玛变换光谱显微成像系统对阳性乳腺癌组织与阴性正常乳腺组织进行对比分析,其结果表明该仪器可有效用于肿瘤标志物在癌组织内的定量研究,是定量检测乳腺癌HER2和ER分布的新技术。该技术建立的针对肿瘤标志物的半定量和定量分析方法,所得结果优于常规的定性分析方法。     

水体溶解有机物的激光诱导荧光与浊度的激光散射实验研究

以Nd：YAG的二倍频532 nm激光为激发光源,用激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法对几种不同水体中溶解有机物(DOM)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)的荧光光谱进行了测量和分析;并以水体对532 nm激发光的散射进行了水体浊度特性的研究,给出了散射光强度与浊度的关系曲线;研究结果表明,用此种方法测量水体浊度和污染物浓度可对水体质量进行有效的监测。     

Wavelength-dependent rotation of dye molecules in a polar solution

Investigation of rotation movement of 3-amino-N-methylphthalimide in glycerol was carried out, taking into consideration the fluctuation of solvate structure. It was shown theoretically and experimentally that structural relaxation of the solvate shell, which follows excitation of the dye molecule, causes not only shift of the fluorescence spectrum in time but also additional rotation of the dye molecule. This effect, which may be called wavelength-dependent rotation, depends on the light frequency of both excitation and fluorescence. In particular, at excitation near the maximum of the absorption band, when the relaxation process is followed with the red shift of the fluorescence maximum, the anisotropy of fluorescence decreases faster in the red part of the fluorescence band than in the blue part. On the contrary, in the case of far anti-Stokes excitation, when the temporal shift of fluorescence is going to the blue, the anisotropy in the red part of the spectrum drops more slowly than in the blue part. Finally, there is a special excitation frequency which causes neither change of the fluorescence maximum nor acceleration of the rotational movement of the dye molecule. It is also shown that the temporal evolution of the spectrum and anisotropy of fluorescence in a polar dye solution may be quantitatively described using the socalled inhomogeneous broadening function (IBF). This function gives the distribution of dye molecules in a solution over frequencies of pure electronic transition due to fluctuations of the surrounding shell structure. Measurements of IBF changes in time carried out for 3-amino-N-methylphthalimide showed that during first 3 ns after excitation, the half-width of the IBF grows, and at the same time its maximum quickly shifts to the red. At the later time period there are only small changes of IBF position but considerable exponential decrease in its half-width. The IBF during this period preserves the Gaussian shape.     

荧光光谱法检测角膜晚期糖基化终末产物研究

晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）是一种结构多样的化合物,在人体血糖高于正常范围时,会大量产生且不能通过自身代谢降解,具有血糖长期异常的记忆作用。研究表明AGEs是引起糖尿病及其并发症的重要因素之一,通过检测体内AGEs的积累情况可以预测糖尿病及其并发症的发生和发展进程。现有的离体AGEs检测方法存在操作复杂、时间较长、成本较高和不易推广等问题;在体AGEs检测方法存在皮肤色素、年龄和血红蛋白干扰等问题。为此,基于角膜良好的光学特性和AGEs的自体荧光特性,提出一种角膜晚期糖基化终末产物荧光光谱检测方法。构建了一套角膜AGEs荧光光谱检测系统,系统由微型光纤光谱仪、集成LED激发光源、Y型12+1光纤和PC端光谱处理显示软件组成。荧光光谱检测系统采用激发光源波长分别为370和395 nm在暗室条件下对17名志愿者（男性9人,女性8人,糖尿病患者4人,年龄最小15周岁,最大81周岁）进行数据采集,得到激发光波长分别为370和395 nm的荧光光谱数据。为了准确识别荧光光谱中的有用信息,先截取需要的荧光光谱数据段（450~700 nm）,然后对其进行去除背景噪声、归一化、小波变化等方法处理,可以将荧光光谱中不明显的荧光峰值进行放大和识别。实验结果发现,采用波长为370和395 nm的LED作为激发光源,检测到角膜发射的荧光光谱范围在420~600 nm内,并且都分别在450~500,500~550和550~600 nm三个范围内存在光谱峰值。根据荧光性物质的荧光峰值与激发光波长无关的原理,表明两种不同波长的激发光所得到的荧光光谱都是由同一种物质AGEs产生。对糖尿病患者和正常人的荧光峰值强度进行分析,显示糖尿病患者的荧光强度明显高于正常人,表明本研究通过荧光光谱法检测角膜晚期糖基化终末产物具有可行性。     

Simultaneous optical coherence tomography--Indocyanine Green dye fluorescence imaging system for investigations of the eye's fundus

We have developed a dual-channel optical coherence tomography-Indocyanine Green dye (OCT-ICG) fluorescence system based on a previously reported ophthalmic OCT confocal imaging system. The confocal channel is tuned to the fluorescence wavelength range of the ICG, and light from the same optical source is used to generate the OCT image and to excite the ICG fluorescence. The system enables the clinician to visualize simultaneously en face OCT slices and corresponding ICG angiograms of the ocular fundus, displayed side by side. C-scan (constant depth) and B-scan (cross section) images are collected by a fast en face scan (T scan). The pixel-to-pixel correspondence between the OCT and angiography images allows the user to capture OCT B scans precisely at selected points on the ICG confocal images.     

Micro-ring cavity mode of dye-doped thin film: Dependence on the excitation energy

We have prepared π-conjugated organic dye specimens embedded in a transparent polymer film and observed a characteristic photoluminescence peak, having very narrow peak width as compared with the fluorescence in solution, when we prepared the film around the perimeter of a multimode silica fiber. The peak position showed no dependence on the excitation wavelength, indicating that it could not be explained by a whispering gallery mode. The peaks can be explained by amplified spontaneous emissions (ASE) because the intensity depended linearly on the excitation intensity with some threshold. When the excitation laser was directly coupled to the fiber core, we observed ASE peaks of the optical fiber itself. These fiber ASE peaks shifted to longer wavelength when we varied the excitation to shorter wavelength, which clearly ruled out the possibility of silicate Raman scattering as the origin.     

模拟溢油样品激光诱导荧光光谱的偏振特性研究

激光诱导荧光是海洋溢油探测的有效手段之一,但该技术的应用易受自然水体中叶绿素、CDOM等物质荧光信号的干扰。为了寻求排除自然水体荧光干扰的方法,基于532 nm连续激光器搭建了激光诱导偏振荧光实验装置,并针对六种不同密度的模拟溢油样品和自然水体开展了荧光光谱偏振特性研究。实验结果发现,与自然水体的荧光光谱不具有明显的偏振特性不同,所有模拟溢油样品的诱导荧光均具有明显的偏振特性,这一结论说明激光诱导荧光光谱的偏振特性可以作为排除叶绿素、CDOM等物质荧光干扰的依据。实验还发现,溢油样品的荧光偏振性质因样品种类而异。在线偏振光激发下,原油样品荧光偏振度随波长逐渐降低,其中重质原油样品偏振度降低幅度最大,轻质原油样品幅度最小,而柴油样品荧光偏振度没有明显变化;当周期性改变激发光的偏振状态时,所有模拟溢油样品的荧光偏振度随之发生趋势相同的周期性波动,中质样品荧光偏振度波动的幅度低于重质样品,但明显超过轻质样品。这一结果说明,模拟溢油样品诱导荧光偏振度的波长变化特性及对激发光偏振态的响应特性均与样品密度存在一定关联,其偏振特性可以作为辅助油种识别的重要参量。     

基于穆勒矩阵的模拟溢油样品荧光偏振特性研究

为了对模拟溢油样品在不同偏振态激发下诱导荧光的偏振特性进行研究,借鉴了穆勒矩阵椭偏仪的原理和结构,搭建了基于旋转波片原理的模拟溢油样品激光诱导荧光椭偏实验装置。通过特征值校准方法对该装置进行校准,获得了宽波段下偏振状态调制矩阵W(λ)和偏振状态分析矩阵A(λ)的确切调制状态,并基于荧光光谱强度矩阵Flu(λ)分别建立了轻、中、重质原油样品和柴油样品的荧光穆勒矩阵。通过极化分解方法对荧光穆勒矩阵进行分解后发现,不同样品荧光光谱的退偏振性质差异十分显著。柴油样品荧光穆勒矩阵的退偏振系数Δ(λ)没有明显的波长响应性,在荧光光谱范围内始终保持较高的退偏值,而三种原油样品的退偏系数Δ(λ)则随波长增大逐渐上升,其中,中质原油样品退偏系数随波长的变化幅度小于重质样品,超过轻质样品;就不同样品的退偏值来看,轻质原油样品最高,重质样品最低,中质原油样品介于二者之间,柴油样品的荧光退偏值略低于轻质原油样品,介于轻质和中质原油样品之间。将基于荧光穆勒矩阵极化分解后的结果与线偏振激发下样品荧光光谱的正交偏振实验结果进行对比,发现两种实验方法获得的退偏系数具有较高的吻合程度。实验还发现,四种模拟溢油样品荧光穆勒矩阵所包含的双向衰减和相位延迟性质都很微弱,不具有明显的差异。