Ergodicity breaking induced by external coupled spatial-time noise processes

We report on the dynamics in a parameter plane of a continuous-time damped system driven by a periodic forcing. The dynamics is characterized by considering the Lyapunov exponents spectrum and conventional bifurcation diagrams, to discriminate periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic behaviors for each point in this parameter plane, according two parameters are simultaneously varied. Periodic structures born in a quasiperiodic region and embedded in a chaotic region, the so-called Arnold tongues, are observed. We show that the Arnold tongues periodic distribution is highly organized in a mixed set of two period-adding sequences. Other three typical periodic structures born and embedded in a chaotic region were observed, also individually organized in a mixed set of two period-adding sequences.     

Resonant and nonresonant patterns in forced oscillators

Uniform oscillations in spatially extended systems resonate with temporal periodic forcing within the Arnold tongues of single forced oscillators. The Arnold tongues are wedge-like domains in the parameter space spanned by the forcing amplitude and frequency, within which the oscillator's frequency is locked to a fraction of the forcing frequency. Spatial patterning can modify these domains. We describe here two pattern formation mechanisms affecting frequency locking at half the forcing frequency. The mechanisms are associated with phase-front instabilities and a Turing-like instability of the rest state. Our studies combine experiments on the ruthenium catalyzed light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction forced by periodic illumination, and numerical and analytical studies of two model systems, the FitzHugh-Nagumo model and the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, with additional terms describing periodic forcing.     

Self-similarities of periodic structures for a discrete model of a two-gene system

We report self-similar properties of periodic structures remarkably organized in the two-parameter space for a two-gene system, described by two-dimensional symmetric map. The map consists of difference equations derived from the chemical reactions for gene expression and regulation. We characterize the system by using Lyapunov exponents and isoperiodic diagrams identifying periodic windows, denominated Arnold tongues and shrimp-shaped structures. Period-adding sequences are observed for both periodic windows. We also identify Fibonacci-type series and Golden ratio for Arnold tongues, and period multiple-of-three windows for shrimps.     

Bistability in Coupled Oscillators Exhibiting Synchronized Dynamics

We report some new results associated with the synchronization behavior of two coupled double-well Duffing oscillators （DDOs）. Some sufficient algebraic criteria for global chaos synchronization of the drive and response DDOs via linear state error feedback control are obtained by means of Lyapunov stability theory. The synchronization is achieved through a bistable state in which a periodic attractor co-exists with a chaotic attractor. Using the linear perturbation analysis, the prevalence of attractors in parameter space and the associated bifurcations are examined. Subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations and abundance of Arnold tongues -- a signature of mode locking phenomenon are found.     

Peculiarities of the transitions to synchronization in coupled systems with amplitude death

The paper presents the results of the study of the sequences of bifurcation leading to the synchronization and amplitude death in a system of two dissipatively coupled self-sustained oscillators with inertial nonlinearity. Two types of synchronizations tongues have been identified. In one of them phase locking regions exist where the synchronization is achieved by the saddle-node bifurcation and regions where the transition to synchronization leads through Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. In the second type of the tongues there are only phase locking regions. It has been shown that for a weak non-identity of the system parameters, the first type tongues merge together. The transition between the synchronization tongues can occur without bifurcations, i.e., transition between the synchronized regimes with different periods of oscillations can occur gradually.     

Desynchronization bifurcation of coupled nonlinear dynamical systems

We analyze the desynchronization bifurcation in the coupled Ro?ssler oscillators. After the bifurcation the coupled oscillators move away from each other with a square root dependence on the parameter. We define system transverse Lyapunov exponents (STLE), and in the desynchronized state one is positive while the other is negative. We give a simple model of coupled integrable systems with quadratic nonlinearity that shows a similar phenomenon. We conclude that desynchronization is a pitchfork bifurcation of the transverse manifold. Cubic nonlinearity also shows the bifurcation, but in this case the STLEs are both negative.     

耦合发电机系统的分岔和双参数特性

在综合分析系统基本动力学特性的基础上,通过数值计算Lyapunov指数谱、分岔图等,讨论了耦合发电机系统的混沌分岔行为和周期窗口的性态变化;计算和分析了系统在二维参数空间的双参数特性.结果显示系统在倍周期分岔中会出现缺边现象,在双参数空间系统出现复杂的分岔结构,两个控制参数对系统动力学行为的影响特性有所差别. 关键词： 耦合发电机系统 分岔 周期窗口 双参数特性     

Strong and Weak Chaos in Weakly Nonintegrable Many-Body Hamiltonian Systems

We study properties of chaos in generic one-dimensional nonlinear Hamiltonian lattices comprised of weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators by numerical simulations of continuous-time systems and symplectic maps. For small coupling, the measure of chaos is found to be proportional to the coupling strength and lattice length, with the typical maximal Lyapunov exponent being proportional to the square root of coupling. This strong chaos appears as a result of triplet resonances between nearby modes. In addition to strong chaos we observe a weakly chaotic component having much smaller Lyapunov exponent, the measure of which drops approximately as a square of the coupling strength down to smallest couplings we were able to reach. We argue that this weak chaos is linked to the regime of fast Arnold diffusion discussed by Chirikov and Vecheslavov. In disordered lattices of large size we find a subdiffusive spreading of initially localized wave packets over larger and larger number of modes. The relations between the exponent of this spreading and the exponent in the dependence of the fast Arnold diffusion on coupling strength are analyzed. We also trace parallels between the slow spreading of chaos and deterministic rheology.     

Antiphase States in Coupled Oscillator Systems

Coupled identical oscillators with resistive couplings are investigated. Various antiphase states are observed. The bifurcation threshojds for the antiphase states of coupled van der Pol oscillators and the unstable modes of these systems at the bifurcation points are explicitly compu ted. The dependence of antiphase states on system size and coupling length is investigated in detail. General coupled limit cycle models are also investigated. The realizations of antiphase states can be explained, based on the global potential analysis.     

Universal occurrence of the phase-flip bifurcation in time-delay coupled systems

Recently, the phase-flip bifurcation has been described as a fundamental transition in time-delay coupled, phase-synchronized nonlinear dynamical systems. The bifurcation is characterized by a change of the synchronized dynamics from being in-phase to antiphase, or vice versa; the phase-difference between the oscillators undergoes a jump of pi as a function of the coupling strength or the time delay. This phase-flip is accompanied by discontinuous changes in the frequency of the synchronized oscillators, and in the largest negative Lyapunov exponent or its derivative. Here we illustrate the phenomenology of the bifurcation for several classes of nonlinear oscillators, in the regimes of both periodic and chaotic dynamics. We present extensive numerical simulations and compute the oscillation frequencies and the Lyapunov spectra as a function of the coupling strength. In particular, our simulations provide clear evidence of the phase-flip bifurcation in excitable laser and Fitzhugh-Nagumo neuronal models, and in diffusively coupled predator-prey models with either limit cycle or chaotic dynamics. Our analysis demonstrates marked jumps of the time-delayed and instantaneous fluxes between the two interacting oscillators across the bifurcation; this has strong implications for the performance of the system as well as for practical applications. We further construct an electronic circuit consisting of two coupled Chua oscillators and provide the first formal experimental demonstration of the bifurcation. In totality, our study demonstrates that the phase-flip phenomenon is of broad relevance and importance for a wide range of physical and natural systems.     

Alternate Phase Synchronization in Coupled Chaotic Oscillators

Phase locking dynamics in coupled chaotic oscillators is investigated.For chaotic systems with a poorly coherent phase variable,the imperfect phase locking can be observed befor the onset of a complete phase synchronization.The temporal alternations among n:n phase lockings are found,which originate from an overlap of m:n Arnold tongues.     

Autonomous coupled oscillators with hyperbolic strange attractors

We propose several examples of smooth low-order autonomous dynamical systems which have apparently uniformly hyperbolic attractors. The general idea is based on the use of coupled self-sustained oscillators where, due to certain amplitude nonlinearities, successive epochs of damped and excited oscillations alternate. Because of additional, phase sensitive coupling terms in the equations, the transfer of excitation from one oscillator to another is accompanied by a phase transformation corresponding to some chaotic map (in particular, an expanding circle map or Anosov map of a torus). The first example we construct is a minimal model possessing an attractor of the Smale-Williams type. It is a four-dimensional system composed of two oscillators. The underlying amplitude equations are similar to those of the predator-pray model. The other three examples are systems of three coupled oscillators with a heteroclinic cycle. This scheme presents more variability for the phase manipulations: in the six-dimensional system not only the Smale-Williams attractor, but also an attractor with Arnold cat map dynamics near a two-dimensional toral surface, and a hyperchaotic attractor with two positive Lyapunov exponents, are realized.     

Computing Arnol′d tongue scenarios

A famous phenomenon in circle-maps and synchronisation problems leads to a two-parameter bifurcation diagram commonly referred to as the Arnol′d tongue scenario. One considers a perturbation of a rigid rotation of a circle, or a system of coupled oscillators. In both cases we have two natural parameters, the coupling strength and a detuning parameter that controls the rotation number/frequency ratio. The typical parameter plane of such systems has Arnol′d tongues with their tips on the decoupling line, opening up into the region where coupling is enabled, and in between these Arnol′d tongues, quasi-periodic arcs. In this paper, we present unified algorithms for computing both Arnol′d tongues and quasi-periodic arcs for both maps and ODEs. The algorithms generalise and improve on the standard methods for computing these objects. We illustrate our methods by numerically investigating the Arnol′d tongue scenario for representative examples, including the well-known Arnol′d circle map family, a periodically forced oscillator caricature, and a system of coupled Van der Pol oscillators.     

Oscillations, period doublings, and chaos in CO oxidation and catalytic mufflers

Early experimental observations of chaotic behavior arising via the period-doubling route for the CO catalytic oxidation both on Pt(110) and Ptgamma-Al(2)O(3) porous catalyst were reported more than 15 years ago. Recently, a detailed kinetic reaction scheme including over 20 reaction steps was proposed for the catalytic CO oxidation, NO(x) reduction, and hydrocarbon oxidation taking place in a three-way catalyst (TWC) converter, the most common reactor for detoxification of automobile exhaust gases. This reactor is typically operated with periodic variation of inlet oxygen concentration. For an unforced lumped model, we report results of the stoichiometric network analysis of a CO reaction subnetwork determining feedback loops, which cause the oscillations within certain regions of parameters in bifurcation diagrams constructed by numerical continuation techniques. For a forced system, numerical simulations of the CO oxidation reveal the existence of a period-doubling route to chaos. The dependence of the rotation number on the amplitude and period of forcing shows a typical bifurcation structure of Arnold tongues ordered according to Farey sequences, and positive Lyapunov exponents for sufficiently large forcing amplitudes indicate the presence of chaotic dynamics. Multiple periodic and aperiodic time courses of outlet concentrations were also found in simulations using the lumped model with the full TWC kinetics. Numerical solutions of the distributed model in two geometric coordinates with the CO oxidation subnetwork consisting of several tens of nonlinear partial differential equations show oscillations of the outlet reactor concentrations and, in the presence of forcing, multiple periodic and aperiodic oscillations. Spatiotemporal concentration patterns illustrate the complexity of processes within the reactor.     

耦合振子系统的多稳态同步分析

本文讨论了一维闭合环上Kuramoto相振子在非对称耦合作用下同步区域出现的多定态现象. 研究发现在振子数N≤3情形下系统不会出现多态现象, 而N≥4多振子系统则呈现规律的多同步定态. 我们进一步对耦合振子系统中出现的多定态规律及定态稳定性进行了理论分析, 得到了定态渐近稳定解. 数值模拟多体系统发现同步区特征和理论描述相一致. 研究结果显示在绝热条件下随着耦合强度的减小, 系统从不同分支的同步态出发最终会回到同一非同步态. 这说明, 耦合振子系统在非同步区由于运动的遍历性而只具有单一的非同步态, 在发生同步时由于遍历性破缺会产生多个同步定态的共存现象.     

Lévy噪声与周期力共同驱动下的螺旋波动力学

研究加性Lévy噪声与周期外力对FitzHugh-Nagumo可激系统中螺旋波动力学行为的影响.螺旋波波头的运动随外力周期在一定范围内呈规则变化,该规则变化可用相应的傅立叶谱理解,维持该规则变化的是锁频行为.Lévy噪声序列中包含着小概率的大尺度噪声,螺旋波波头运动改变主要来自于它们的影响,本文指出Lévy噪声对波头运动的影响也依赖于外力周期的取值.在适当的参数取值下,Lévy噪声的存在也能导致螺旋波的消失,这为螺旋波的控制、消除提供了一种方法.分析了系统周期与外力周期的锁定行为,给出了不同噪声强度下的Arnold舌,指出随机共振行为的存在.     

环形耦合Duffing振子间的同步突变

以环形耦合Duffing振子系统为研究对象,分析了耦合振子间的同步演化过程.发现在弱耦合条件下,如果所有振子受到同一周期策动力的驱动,那么系统在经历倍周期分岔、混沌态、大尺度周期态的相变时,各振子的运动轨迹之间将出现由同步到不同步再到同步的两次突变现象.利用其中任何一次同步突变现象可以实现系统相变的快速判别,并由此补充了利用倍周期分岔与混沌态的这一相变对微弱周期信号进行检测的方法. 关键词： Duffing振子 同步突变 相变 微弱信号检测     

耦合混沌振子系统完全同步的动力学行为

以耦合Duffing振子为对象，研究了混沌系统进入完全同步态时的一些动力学行为. 在对称耦合情况下，随着耦合系数的变化系统达到各个混沌振子的相轨道完全相同的同步态——完全同步态. 通过计算Lyapunov指数表明，此时系统的前两个横向Lyapunov指数相等，同时系统之间的时间关联表现出明显的规律性. 关键词： Duffing振子 混沌同步 Lyapunov指数     

Period-Doubling Cascades and Strange Attractors in Extended Duffing-Van der Pol Oscillator

The dynamical behavior of the extended Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator is investigated numerically in detail. With the aid of some numerical simulation tools such as bifurcation diagrams and Poinearé maps, the different routes to chaos and various shapes of strange attractors are observed. To characterize chaotic behavior of this oscillator system, the spectrum of Lyapunov exponent and Lyapunov dimension are also employed.     

Bifurcation structures of periodically forced oscillators

A theoretical investigation of bifurcation structures of periodically forced oscillators is presented. In the plane of forcing frequency and amplitude, subharmonic entrainment occurs in v-shaped (Arnol'd) tongues, or entrainment bands, for small forcing amplitudes. These tongues terminate at higher forcing amplitudes. Between these two limits, individual tongues fit together to form a global bifurcation structure. The regime in which the forcing amplitude is much smaller than the amplitude of the limit cycle is first examined. Using the method of multiple time scales, expressions for solutions on the invariant torus, widths of Arnol'd tongues, and Liapunov exponents of periodic orbits are derived. Next, the regime of moderate to large forcing amplitudes is examined through studying a periodically forced Hopf bifurcation. In this case the forcing amplitude and the amplitude of the limit cycle can be of the same order of magnitude. From a study of the normal forms for this case, it is shown how Arnol'd tongues terminate and how complicated bifurcation structures are associated with strong resonances. Aspects of model and experimental chemical systems that show some of the phenomena predicted from the above theoretical results are mentioned.