RhCo双金属催化剂的研究Ⅵ.Rh_2Co_2/Al_2O_3上表面羰基氢化物及其动态行为

利用连续流动微反研究了Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上的ＣＯ加氢反应．该反应在２００℃以上发生，反应活性随着温度的升高和Ｈ２／ＣＯ比的增大而增大．利用ＴＰＩＲ动态方法研究了Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上ＣＯ和Ｈ２的共吸附及其动态行为．结果表明，在Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的Ｒｈ上的孪生和桥式中心及Ｃｏ上的线式中心上，ＣＯ和Ｈ２室温共吸附时即有部分孪生、桥式ＣＯ及Ｃｏ上的线式ＣＯ转化为相应的羰基氢化物．随着温度的升高，剩余的孪生、桥式ＣＯ及Ｃｏ上的线式ＣＯ向羰基氢化物转化，而羰基氢化物又向多氢羰基氢化物转化．在ＣＯ加氢反应温度下，Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的三种吸附中心上只存在多氢羰基氢化物．与ＣＯ加氢反应和ＣＯ歧化的吸附态动态研究结果相关联，可以认为在Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上ＣＯ加氢生成ＣＨ４经由了羰基氢化物多氢羰基氢化物途径．     

还原温度对Ni／Al2O3催化剂上H2,CO吸附的影响

采用程序升温还原与程序升温逐步活化、Ｈ２、ＣＯ室温吸附、Ｈ２程序升温脱附相结合的方法，研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上还原活化温度对其吸脱附性能的影响．实验发现，Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，在不同温度还原的不同Ｎｉ氧化物物种，经相应温度活化后可形成不同性质的Ｈ２、ＣＯ吸附中心．催化剂经５２３Ｋ及５７３Ｋ活化后可形成极细的与Ａｌ２Ｏ３有一定相互作用的吸附中心，在这类中心上，Ｈ２的室温吸附量极小，但有一定的高温Ｈ２吸附量，且高温吸附的Ｈ２要在较高温度下才能脱附，ＣＯ在其上则可能是按单金属中心多ＣＯ方式吸附的．催化剂经６７３Ｋ和７２３Ｋ活化后均形成较强的Ｈ２、ＣＯ吸附中心，ＣＯ在这些中心上可能是按线式和桥式两种方式吸附的．催化剂经６７３Ｋ活化后，形成的中心上吸附的Ｈ２可在相对较低的温度下脱附．Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３经７７３Ｋ处理会发生烧结，因而丧失室温Ｈ２、ＣＯ吸附能力．     

RhCo双金属催化剂的研究Ⅴ.Rh_2Co_2/Al_2O_3上CO吸附态的动态行为与CO歧化

利用ＴＰＩＲ动态方法研究了Ｒｈ２Ｃｏ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上ＣＯ吸附态的动态行为和ＣＯ歧化反应．结果表明，在ＣＯ吸附ＴＰＤ（真空中）ＩＲ动态过程中，Ｒｈ上的孪生ＣＯ谱带强度逐渐同步减弱，Ｃｏ上的线式ＣＯ谱带和Ｒｈ上的桥式ＣＯ谱带强度逐渐减弱的同时向低频位移．完全脱附的顺序为：桥式（１５０℃），孪生（３５０℃）和Ｃｏ上的线式（４００℃）．该结果明显不同于Ｒｈ４／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上相同动态过程的结果，表明ＲｈＣｏ相互作用导致各吸附中心上ＣＯ吸附强度的改变．在ＣＯ吸附ＴＰ（ＣＯ中）ＩＲ动态过程中，三种吸附的ＣＯ谱带２５０℃以上才发生强度减弱直到消失．表明ＣＯ歧化在２５０℃以上才发生．并且Ｒｈ上桥式中心上的歧化速率与孪生中心上相等，Ｃｏ上的线式中心上的ＣＯ歧化速率则大于Ｒｈ４／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的Ｒｈ线式中心．     

担载Rh／Al2O3催化剂表面吸附态的加压原位红外光谱表征

应用加温加压气固多相催化原位红外光谱反应器,在Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２：１（ｍｏｌ）、０．５￣５．０ＭＰａ和２０￣３００℃的接近ＣＯ＋Ｈ２工业反应条件下,考察了还原态和氧化态Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂表面ＣＯ吸附态,关联了吸附态与催化剂活性的关系。实验结果表明,还原态的Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂一氧化碳加氢生成烃类,其催化剂表面存在三种ＣＯ吸附态：线式Ｒｈ（ＣＯ）,孪生式Ｒｈ（ＣＯ）２和桥式Ｒｈ２ＣＯ。在常温常压下     

硫化态NiMoK／Al2O3变换催化剂对水的吸附性能

硫化态ＮｉＭｏＫ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３变换催化剂对水的吸附性能李利民，郭益群，王贵昌，王文祥（郑州大学化学系郑州４５００５２）关键词水煤气变换催化剂，硫化，水吸附，脉冲气相色谱ＣＯ（Ｎｉ）ＭｏＫ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３型催化剂用于变换反应时需首先进行硫化，硫化温度...     

Rh/Al2O3上CO和NO的吸附性能及相互作用

利用ＴＰ－ＩＲ动态方法研究了ＣＯ和ＮＯ在Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上吸附性能和相互作用的动态行为，结果表明，Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的孪生中心对ＣＯ的吸附强于对ＮＯ的吸会，线式和桥式中心则对ＮＯ的吸附强于对ＣＯ的吸附，ＣＯ和ＮＯ共吸附－ＴＰ（ＣＯ和ＮＯ中）－ＩＲ动态过程结果揭示出２２２４ｃｍ＾－１谱带的出现和强度的增加与孪生ＣＯ谱带以及吸附的ＮＯ谱带的强度减弱同时发生，表明是由吸附的ＮＯ和孪生ＣＯ形成Ｒｈ－ＮＣＯ。     

Ni／Al2O3上甲烷二氧化碳氧气转化制备合成气的研究

在固定床流动反应装置上，从活性组分的负载量，载体的焙烧温度、反应温度，空速等几个方面考察了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２－Ｏ２转化制备合成气的催化活性，发现采用１１００℃焙烧的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体制备的镍负载量为９．１７ｗ％的Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂。     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究Ⅱ.甲醇深度氧化用银催化剂上吸附物种的原位红外研究

利用原位红外技术研究了ＣＨ３ＯＨ，ＣＯ，Ｏ２等在５％Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上的吸附情况及ＣＨ３ＯＨ和Ｏ２共吸附时表面物种的变化．结果表明，在表面纯净的Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，甲醇的解离吸附仅发生在γＡｌ２Ｏ３上；表面预吸附氧后，可大大增强Ａｇ对ＣＨ３ＯＨ的解离吸附，当吸附的［ＣＨ３Ｏ］与［Ｏ］在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上相互作用时，出现吸附态甲醛、甲二氧基、甲酸根等中间物种．Ｏ２在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上存在非解离吸附（Ｏ－２），在真空中较易脱附，但在氧气氛下可于１００℃时稳定存在．     

EFFECTS OF ALKALI AND RARE EATTH METAL OXIDES ON THE THERMAL STABILITY AND THE CARBON DEPOSITION OVER A NiO/Al_2O_3 CATALYST

采用固定床流动反应装置、ＣＯ吸附、ＴＧ、ＴＰＯ、ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ等手段考察了ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＬｉＮｉＬａＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的甲烷部分氧化反应。实验结果表明，ＬｉＮｉＬａＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３对甲烷部分氧化反应具有较高的反应活性。锂和镧的添加不仅改善了活性组分镍的分散度，而且提高了ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的抗积碳能力和热稳定性     

CH4,CO2和O2制合成气反应中载体对Ni催化剂抗氧化性能的影响

在ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２ 催化氧化制合成气反应中, Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 催化剂在高温下生成ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４ 尖晶石,是导致催化剂失活的一个重要因素． 通过向载体（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）中添加各种氧化物, 使得催化剂的抗氧化性能得到改善． 并运用ＴＰＲ、ＸＲＤ对催化剂进行表征, 发现催化剂的抗氧化性顺序为： Ｎｉ／ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ＞ Ｎｉ／ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ＞ Ｎｉ／ＣｅＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ＞ Ｎｉ／Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ＞ Ｎｉ／Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ＞ Ｎｉ／ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞ Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞ Ｎｉ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.