An experimental investigation of high permittivity dielectric resonators for millimeter-wave microstrip components

This paper proposes a new type of high permittivity whispering gallery mode cylindrical dielectric resonators with a geometry which is very suitable for use in microstrip type integrated circuits. These oversized resonators, together with high Q factors and ease of fabrication, are potentially interesting for millimeter wave integrated filters and oscillators. In this paper, we report an experimental investigation of such resonators carried out in Ka band (26.5–40 GHz). Measured results including resonant frequencies and loaded quality factors will be presented. Application to millimeter wave filters will also be demonstrated.     

MILLIMETER WAVES DETECTOR BASED ON JOSEPHSON’s JUNCTIONS WITH OPTIMAL SUBSTRATE

The detectors based on superconductors are used for the registration of signals in the millimeter range [1]. Specially, the quantum radio receptor is widely used due to its very high sensibility. The structure of such receptor consists usually of a periodic Josephson’s Junctions (JJs) lattice and its very high sensibility may be obtained with the synchronization of the JJs using resonators of superficial electromagnetic wave [2]. These resonators realize automatically the synchronization of several hundreds of JJs, including the electro dynamical especial line like lattice [2]. The purposes of this article are: the analysis of the quality factor of the periodic JJs lattice, the optimal choice of the substrate for this system and the construction of the millimeter waves detector based on these elements.     

Dielectric half-disk resonator with whispering-gallery modes for measurements of the electric properties of water

We study experimentally the possibility of measuring the dielectric properties of water in the millimeter wavelength range using dielectric resonators excited at the whispering-gallery modes. The influence of various conditions for excitation of such resonators by a local source on the sensitivity and resolution of the performed measurements is shown. Electrodynamic characteristics of the dielectric resonator as a cell for measurements of the electric properties of water are studied. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 769–776, September 2008.     

Crystal quartz optical whispering-gallery resonators

A quality factor exceeding 5x10(9) is obtained in whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators fabricated of crystalline quartz. We observe significant electrical tunability of WGMs in x-cut resonators and demonstrate an electro-optic modulator with a submegahertz passband at 12 GHz. We discuss other photonics applications of the crystal quartz WGM resonators in narrowband agile tunable filters, compact narrow linewidth lasers, and microwave and millimeter wave oscillators.     

Theory and Optimization Calculation of 3-Mirror Axisymmetric Quasi-Optical Power Combining

Very efficient power combining of solid-state millimeter wave sources may be obtained through 3-mirror quasi-optical resonators and Source arrays. The location and configuration of the source array are determined by CAD (Computer-aided design) technique.     

Modelling metamaterial transmission lines: a review and recent developments

This review paper is devoted to the discussion and comparison of the lumped element equivalent circuit models of the different types of metamaterial transmission lines that have been proposed so far, namely the CL-loaded lines, and those lines based on the resonant type approach. The latter category comprises both artificial lines loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs), or related topologies, and metamaterial transmission lines based on complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). It will be the main aim of this paper to clearly justify the circuit elements of the models (and link such elements to the line physics and topology), to compare the different lines to the light of these models, and to point out the advantages and drawbacks of the different metamaterial transmission lines. As long as metamaterial transmission lines are exhaustively used for the design of compact microwave and millimeter wave components with improved performance and/or based on new functionalities, and their synthesis is based on the lumped element equivalent circuits, this paper is of actual interest for RF/microwave engineers and in general to those readers involved in metamaterial research and applications.     

Quasioptical dielectric resonators in millimeter-wave band experiments

New results of theoretical and experimental investigations of non-uniform dielectric resonators with the higher order azimuthal waves (whispering gallery modes) have been presented. Their application for study of various materials (dielectric, high-T_c superconductor) and for generation obtaining of millimeter wave oscillations has been considered.     

Progress on CRLH metamaterials based on dielectric resonators

Combination of magnetically-resonant dielectric resonators and TE cut-off waveguide structures provides unbalanced or balanced composite right/left handed transmission lines. This idea has been expanded into 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D composite structures, and can be applied to potential microwave and millimeter wave circuits and antennas in the same manner as conventional composite right/left handed transmission lines.     

Surface magnetostatic oscillations in elliptical bubble domains

A theory of surface magnetostatic oscillations in magnetic bubble domains with an elliptical cross section is presented. The dependences of the eigenfrequencies of resonant modes on the applied magnetic field are analyzed for a barium hexaferrite sample with allowance made for the change in the domain size due to a variation in the bias magnetic field. The range of frequency tuning in response to a magnetic field ranging from the elliptical instability field to the collapse field is estimated. It is demonstrated that elliptical bubble domains can be used as microminiature resonators operating in the millimeter range.     

Application of multilayer structures at millimeter wavelengths

The paper presents results of theoretical analyses and experimental investigations of the optical characteristics of devices based on multilayer dielectric structures and intended for the millimeter wave band. As is shown, multilayer dielectric structures can prove useful in devices with variable optical characteristics representing coupling elements for quasioptical open resonators, adjustable reflection coefficient mirrors in narrow-band interference Fabry-Perot filters or adjustable multilayer polarizers.     

The new technique of harmonic power combination—Millimeter-wave quasi-optical harmonic power combination

In this paper, the new technique of harmonic power combination—millimeter -wave quasi-optical harmonic power combination is presented. In this technique, by compounding several closed resonators with a quasi-optical open resonator, the harmonic powers of active devices are combined, which takes effectively respective advantages of closed cavity power combination and open cavity power combination and improve the combination efficiency of multiple-device harmonic power combiner. The experimental results for W-band are given and shown this combination method is available.     

Mechanism and Properties of Non-Thermally Biological Effect of the Millimeter Waves

The electromagnetic features of biomacromolecules are foundation of interaction between the millimeter waves and living systems. Therefore we first reveal the electromagnetic features of biomacromolecules, for example, protein, DNA and lipid. Next we calculate the rotational energy-spectra of these biomacromolecules by quantum mechanical theory. The transitions of electrons between the rotational energy-levels can result in radiations or absorptions of millimeter waves. Thus we propose the mechanism and properties of non-thermally biological effect of the millimeter waves, i.e., the millimeter waves are absorbed by these biomacromolecules which can result in rotation and changes of conformations of these molecules, thus the energy of the millimeter waves are to be transformed as the mechanical energy of the conformation changes of the biomacromolecules, but not as thermal energy of motions of these biomacromolecules to increase their temperature. This mechanism is verified by experiments of conformation changes of the protein and amino acid molecules exposed under the millimeter waves. These rotations of conformations of these molecules can results in obvious biological effects. We study the features of the biological effects.PACS numbers: 33.20.-Eat, 33.10.-n, 78.30.-j; 87.50. Hi     

High-frequency EPR applications of open nonradiative resonators

A new class of open single-mode cavities, the nonradiative (NR) resonators, has recently been proposed in order to overcome the limitations of standard cylindrical cavities and Fabry-Perot resonators at millimeter wavelengths. This paper presents the first applications of a NR resonator in W-band pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. It consists of a cylindrical cavity having a lateral aperture that represents about 35% of its total height. Electron-spin-echo measurements performed on different samples show that the signal-to-noise ratio and the optimal pulse length obtained with the proposed device are comparable to those obtained with the closed cavity used in the commercial W-band spectrometer, at both cryogenic and room temperature. Similar results have been obtained for paramagnetic species optically activated by means of an optical fiber inserted in the aperture of the resonator. The insertion losses estimated for the probe employed with the NR resonator are higher than those of the commercial probe, hence, demonstrating that the proposed cavity holds the promise of improved resonator performance.     

多透镜谐振腔光束参数不变性研究

给出了多透镜光学谐振腔的解析,分析了透镜腔光束参数的动态特性。提出一种补偿热焦距变化的影响的新观念,从而给出一种新形式的热稳定谐振腔——控制型热稳腔,或称软性腔。 关键词：     

High frequency single-mode resonators for EPR spectroscopy enabling rotations of the sample about two orthogonal axes

A novel single-mode resonant structure which enables the rotation of the sample about two orthogonal axes is investigated in view of electron paramagnetic resonance applications. The proposed solution is based on cylindrical non-radiative resonators laterally loaded by the sample holder. The resulting structure can still operate in non-radiative regime, although no longer rotationally invariant. These theoretical predictions, based on symmetry considerations, are confirmed by means of a finite element numerical modelling. Theoretical and computational results are then substantiated by experimental investigations at millimeter wavelengths. As a result, a single-mode resonator which enables all the relevant rotations of the sample is demonstrated at millimeter wavelengths for the first time. In this resonator the intensity of the microwave field on the sample and its orientation with respect to the static magnetic field can be kept constant during the rotations. Therefore, a complete characterization of anisotropic systems is possible at the highest sensitivity, without the need of split-coil magnets. Possible applications at very high frequencies are discussed.     

Comparative modal analysis of NRD parallelepiped dielectric resonators

The resonance modes of dielectric resonators having parallelepiped shape are extensively investigated in this work referring to the nonradiative dielectric (NRD) topology. Different numerical techniques, both rigorous and approximated (boundary elements, point matching, finite elements, transmission line approaches), are proposed and implemented to compute the relevant resonance spectrum as a function of the involved geometric and electromagnetic parameters. The theoretical results are discussed and compared also in connection with experimental investigations, carried out on suitable prototypes of NRD components. Qualitative and quantitative information is thus achieved to characterize with accuracy and efficiency the basic parameters (resonant frequencies, field configurations, etc.) involved in filter design and in other applications at microwaves and millimeter waves.     

Simulation of 60-GHz microwave photonic filters based on serially coupled silicon microring resonators

The microwave photonic filters (MPFs) based on serially coupled silicon microring resonators (MRRs) are theoretically analyzed for the application of 60-GHz millimeter wave wireless personal area networks. This is achieved by calculating the improvement of bit error ratio (BER). According to the simulation results, the requirement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received data can be reduced by 14 dB for the same BER with and without MPFs. The performance of the MPF with five serially coupled microring structures is better than that of the MPF with a single microring, owing to the improvement of the shape factor.     

A novel system of the simultaneous trapping of dark-bright solitons within a nano-waveguide system

We propose a novel system of a nano-waveguide that can be used to generate the continuous spectrum, i.e. white light. The simultaneous trapping and generation of short and millimeter waves can also be performed by using either bright or dark soliton. A system consists of two micro- and a nano-ring resonators that can be integrated into a single system. The large bandwidth is generated by a soliton pulse within a Kerr-type nonlinear medium where the continuous bandwidth or wavelength can be performed. The simultaneous dark-bright solitons conversion is performed and achieved. Results obtained have shown the potential of using the technique for continuing light spectra generation, where the filtering signals are allowed by using the suitable device parameters. The advantage is that the large bandwidth separation of the short and sub-millimeter waves can be obtained, which is allowed to form the simultaneous generation of short and millimeter waves within a single system. Further, light pulse can be trapped within a nano-waveguide, which is available to form the memory device.     

Superconducting qubit storage and entanglement with nanomechanical resonators

We propose a quantum computing architecture based on the integration of nanomechanical resonators with Josephson-junction phase qubits. The resonators are GHz-frequency, dilatational disk resonators, which couple to the junctions through a piezoelectric interaction. The system is analogous to a collection of tunable few-level atoms (the Josephson junctions) coupled to one or more electromagnetic cavities (the resonators). Our architecture combines desirable features of solid-state and optical approaches and may make quantum computing possible in a scalable, solid-state environment.