毛细管区带电泳法分析不同来源血竭中龙血素A和龙血素B

在系统优化了电解质溶液的pH、组成、浓度及仪器条件的基础上,建立了一种测定不同来源血竭中龙血素A和龙血素B的毛细管区带电泳(CZE)方法。采用20 kV的分离电压,25 ℃的毛细管柱温,211 nm的检测波长以及5 s的压力(3447 Pa)进样时间,在20 mmol/L的Na2B4O7缓冲溶液(用NaOH调节pH到9.98,含有10%(v/v,下同)乙腈、5.0%乙二醇和1.0%正丁醇)中,龙血素A和龙血素B在15 min内得到了有效分离与检测。方法的线性范围对于龙血素A和龙血素B分别为1.0～100.0 mg/L和0.5～100.0 mg/L。将该方法用于天然血竭及人工诱导血竭中龙血素A和龙血素B的测定,相对标准偏差在0.6%～3.8%之间,加标回收率在95.1%～105.8%之间。方法具有简单、快速、重现性较好和准确度较高的优点,可以用于血竭样品中龙血素A和龙血素B的测定。     

压力驱动亲和毛细管电泳法研究3种龙血素与人血清白蛋白的结合作用

采用压力驱动的亲和毛细管电泳技术(P-ACE)分别研究了生理酸度条件下(p H 7.4)3种黄酮类化合物龙血素A、龙血素B和剑叶龙血素C与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的相互作用。利用蛋白淌度变化和药物浓度的关系,计算得出上述三者与HSA的结合常数Ka分别为0.414×105,0.252×105,1.816×105L/mol。结果表明,P-ACE可作为研究药物与蛋白相互作用的简便可行方法。     

聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)反相高效液相色谱填料在胸腺素α1分离中的应用

采用高聚物型苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(PS-DVB)麦科菲反相高效液相色谱柱(MKF-RP-MH)分离胸腺素α1,优化色谱条件为:流动相A:0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0或8.0),流动相B:乙腈,梯度洗脱条件0~20 min,0%~10%乙腈,20~40 min,10%~30%乙腈;温度:30℃;流速:0.8 mL/min;检测波长:214 nm。在优化条件下分离了胸腺素α1标准品和样品。样品浓度在0.05~4 g/L时,线性方程为C=0.0099A-0.0798(r=0.9994),胸腺素α1最大载样量为120μg(6 g/L)。     

高效液相色谱法测定药渣中残留金霉素

建立了高效液相色谱法检测生物降解药渣中残留金霉素的定量分析方法。药渣经EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液辅助超生波提取,用C18(3μm,4.6×150mm)反相色谱柱,A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液,B相为V(甲醇):V(乙腈)=2:3,V(A):V(B)=2:1进行洗脱,通过二极管阵列检测器在375 nm检测,金霉素与其它物质的峰能够完全分离。在1.0~1500.0 mg/L范围内,金霉素标准曲线R2为0.9991,检出限为3.0μg/kg,加标回收率在94%~102%之间,相对标准偏差为2.1%~7.7%。     

加压毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光法检测4种黄曲霉毒素

建立了三氟乙酸( TFA)柱前衍生,加压毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光( pCEC-LIF)快速测定黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2方法。使用粒径1.8μm的C18毛细管色谱柱,以甲醇-水(45：55, V/V,含0.05%甲酸)为流动相,泵流速为0.05 mL/min,分离电压为15 kV,激发波长为375 nm,发射波长为450 nm,黄曲霉毒素B1, B2, G1, G2达到基线分离。各组分的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.02,0.016,0.008和0.01μg/L,在0.1~10μg/L,0.1~10μg/L,0.1~3.0μg/L,0.1~3.0μg/L 范围内分别呈线性相关,相关系数 R2分别为0.9999,1.0000,0.9995,0.9997。将本方法应用于花生酱的分析,加标回收率在90.0%~112.0%之间,RSD在0.5%~1.9%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定宠物食品中赭曲霉毒素A和B

建立了同时测定宠物食品中赭曲霉毒素A和B的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经乙腈/水(1∶1,V/V)提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化。采用Agilent ZOBRAX C_(18)柱(150×2.1mm,5μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈作为流动相,梯度洗脱。目标化合物在多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行检测,外标法定量。在优化的条件下,赭曲霉毒素A和B在0.1~10.0ng·mL~(-1)范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均不低于0.9993,方法定量限分别为0.1μg·kg~(-1)和0.05μg·kg~(-1)。方法平均回收率为78.3%~107.5%,相对标准偏差不大于9.5%。该方法前处理简单、选择性好、灵敏度高,可用于宠物食品中赭曲霉毒素A和B的测定。     

手性固定相高效液相色谱法同时测定琥珀酸索利那新原料药中对映异构体和非对映异构体

以手性填料色谱柱为固定相,建立了同时测定琥珀酸索利那新原料药中对映异构体和非对映异构体的高效液相色谱法。分别以Daicel CHIRALPAKAD-H手性色谱柱、Daicel CHIRALCELOJ-H手性色谱柱、研创SCDP52546手性色谱柱、研创RC-OD52546手性色谱柱为分离柱,进行色谱柱筛选,并考察了不同检测波长、柱温及流动相体系对对映异构体和非对映异构体分离检测的影响。优化后的色谱条件为:以Daicel CHIRALPAKAD-H手性色谱柱为分离柱,正己烷-乙醇-二乙胺(900∶100∶1)为流动相;检测波长为220 nm;流速为1 mL/min;柱温为30℃。该色谱条件专属性良好(分离度≥2.0);精密度良好(RSD≤2.0%);对映异构体、非对映异构体Ⅰ、非对映异构体Ⅱ分别在0.240 5~10.822 5,0.186 8~8.406 0,0.196 1~8.824 5μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999);检出限为0.062 25~0.080 13μg/mL,定量下限为0.186 8~0.240 5μg/mL;加标回收率为94.4%~95.7%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~3.1%。该方法简便、有效,可用于生产中琥珀酸索利那新原料药中对映异构体和非对映异构体的含量检测。     

直接进样-液相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中苦味酸

采用液相色谱/串联质谱法测定了水中的苦味酸,对流动相、流速、柱温及进样量等条件进行了优化。结果表明,流动相为甲醇和0.1%甲酸溶液(80∶20,V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,色谱柱柱温40℃,进样量5μL,苦味酸含量在1.0~50μg/L时,校准曲线呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999,方法检出限为0.10μg/L。对实际水样进行分析,测量的回收率为76.2%~109%,样品加标平行测定,RSD(n=6)为2.8%~4.7%。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时检测食物中毒样品中的敌鼠钠盐、杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵

建立了反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器同时快速检测食物中毒样品中的敌鼠钠盐、杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵的分析方法。固体样品用乙腈提取,液体样品用乙酸乙酯提取。以V(乙腈)∶V(0.010 mol/L乙酸铵)=57∶43(pH 4.50)为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器分别在波长286和306 nm处同时检测,在8 min内即可完成色谱分析。敌鼠钠盐、杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵在0.05~20.0μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限固体样品为0.015μg/g,液体样品为0.003μg/mL,样品加标平均回收率在85.0%~109.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.0%~9.6%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定乳制品中5种激素残留

建立了乳制品中5种激素残留的液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定方法。固体样品用水溶解后加甲醇提取(液体样品直接加甲醇提取),提取液经CNWBOND LC-C18固相萃取柱净化后,采用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(100×2.1mm,3.5μm)分离,分别在电喷雾正、负离子模式下以多反应监测模式检测待测组分。正离子模式下的流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸(V/V)水溶液,负离子模式下的流动相为乙腈-5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液。在该优化条件下,5种激素在相应的浓度范围内相关系数均大于0.99,方法回收率为77.2%~89.6%,相对标准偏差为3.91%~8.49%,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为1~20μg/kg。     

Comparison of three methods for analyzing loureirin B and human serum albumin interaction using capillary electrophoresis

Loureirin B (LB), a bioactive drug, is widely used in the treatment of biological diseases. However, due to its poor solution in water, it is important to find the approach which helps LB to specific biological targets. As the most abundant protein in plasma, HSA plays the role of a carrier of numerous drug ligand. Thus, the interaction between LB and HSA was explored by ACE, CE frontal analysis, and pressure‐mediated ACE under simulated physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The binding constants were calculated as 13.14 × 10⁴ L/mol, 7.00 × 10⁴ L/mol, and 2.78 × 10⁴ L/mol for each method, respectively. At the same time, the binding site number (n = 1.429) could be only calculated by the CE frontal analysis method. Furthermore, good experimental repeatability was obtained by pressure‐mediated ACE with RSDs for retention times and peak areas within 2.149 and 1.228, respectively.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.