气相色谱法测定牙膏中二甘醇的含量

牙膏样品中的二甘醇用甲醇与水(4+1)的混合溶剂提取,用离心法分相后取上层清液进行气相色谱分析,对色谱测定的条件进行了试验并予以优化.测定中采用DB-FFAP色谱柱作分离,并采用氢火焰离子化检测器进行测定.结果表明:二甘醇质量浓度在5.0～500.0 mg·L-1范围内对相应的检测信号(峰面积)之间呈线性关系.方法的检出限(3S/N)为2.5 mg·L-1,在3种不同浓度水平条件下对方法的回收率及精密度进行了试验,测得回收率在96.5%～97.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.7%～2.1%之间.     

小体积液相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定唾液中鸦片类毒品的含量

提出了小体积液相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定唾液中鸦片类毒品含量的方法。在pH9的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,1 mL的唾液试样(其中加入乙基吗啡为内标)用150μL的氯仿进行超声提取10min,使吗啡、6-单乙酰吗啡和可待因进入有机相,离心分离,取上清液80μL加入N-甲基-双-三氟乙酰胺试剂进行衍生化,所得衍生化产物的溶液做气相色谱-质谱法检测。唾液中吗啡、6-单乙酰吗啡、可待因的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.005,0.003,0.002mg·L~(-1),标准曲线线性范围均为0.01～1.0mg·L~(-1)。在唾液试样中添加0.01,0.10,1.00mg·L~(-1)L混合标准溶液,测得平均回收率:吗啡为38.1%～50.0%,6-单乙酰吗啡为81.5%～88.8%,可待因为89.9%～109.8%,相对标准偏差(n=5)在6.7%～18.4%之间。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定蔬菜及水果中15种农药残留量

应用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定蔬菜及水果中15种农药的残留量。样品用顶空-固相微萃取进行前处理。经优化的试验条件:1采用100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头;2离子浓度:样品匀浆液中含(w)30%氯化钠;3萃取温度为70℃±1℃;4萃取时间为30min。在气相色谱分离中用HP-5MS色谱柱,在质谱分析中采用全扫描和选择离子监测模式。15种农药的质量浓度均在0.05~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.02~0.10μg·kg-1之间。以2种果品作基体,在0.05,0.2,0.5mg·kg-1 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在71.0%~96.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.5%~9.8%之间。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定橡胶密封圈中8种N-亚硝胺含量

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定橡胶密封圈中8种N-亚硝胺的含量。按国家标准GB/T 24153-2009进行样品的预处理,然后用二乙烯基苯/聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头,在30℃和800r·min~(-1)转速的条件下萃取45min。在气相色谱分离中用Agilent 1701色谱柱为固定相;在质谱测定中采用选择离子监测模式。8种N-亚硝胺的线性范围均为0.10~2.0mg·L~(-1),方法的检出限(3S/N)均为0.03mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,回收率在73.0%~96.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~9.7%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定牙膏中的二甘醇

建立了气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）快速测定牙膏中的二甘醇的方法。牙膏样品经三氯甲烷提取后,应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪,以选择离子监测（SIM）模式对其中的二甘醇进行分析。二甘醇的线性范围为21.24-1062 mg/L,线性相关系数（r）为0.9995;检出限和定量限分别为2.0、5.0 mg/L;高、中、低3种浓度下的回收率在88.51%-101.6%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.6%-8.11%之间;仪器对二甘醇的响应在24 h内保持稳定。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱法测定皂、粉、液类洗涤用品中的二噁烷

提出了测定皂、粉、液类洗涤用品中二噁烷含量的顶空-气相色谱-质谱法。以5mL水为顶空溶剂,将样品在80℃顶空平衡50min后,经HP-5MS色谱柱分离,质谱检测器检测,外标法定量。3种基质中二噁烷的线性范围为0.1~50.0mg·kg-1,测定下限均在0.2mg·kg-1以下。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收实验,测得平均回收率在85.2%~97.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.6%~6.1%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中22种农药残留

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中22种农药残留量的方法。样品以正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶液为提取剂,经加速溶剂萃取仪提取后,在40℃旋转蒸发仪中浓缩、氮气吹干后,用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶液溶解定容至2.0 mL,通过Agilent HP-5MS石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择离子监测模式进行质谱测定。22种农药的检出限(3S/N)在0.003～0.03mg·kg-1之间。以空白棉布样品为基体,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在80.1%～95.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于13%。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定罗非鱼中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

提出了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定罗非鱼中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药（联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯）残留量的方法。样品以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（1+1）混合液为萃取剂,经加速溶剂萃取仪提取后,经Florisil固相萃取小柱净化后,用丙酮-正己烷（1+9）混合液淋洗,洗脱液于45℃水浴氮吹近干后用正己烷定容至1 mL,通过TR-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择反应监测模式进行质谱测定。7种拟除虫菊酯类农药的检出限（3S/N）在0.20～2.1μg·kg^-1之间。以空白罗非鱼样品为基体,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在57.9%～107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）均小于12.0%。     

固相萃取-在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-质谱法测定豆芽中53种农药残留量

采用固相萃取-在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-质谱法测定豆芽中53种农药残留量。豆芽样品以乙酸-乙腈(1+99)混合液提取,固相萃取小柱净化,采用在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱分离,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。53种农药的质量浓度均在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限在0.1~6.0μg·kg-1之间。在20,50,100μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在72.3%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~6.6%之间。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定污泥中37种有机磷类及10种拟除虫菊酯类农药

建立了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定污水处理厂污泥中的37种有机磷类农药(OPPs)和10种拟除虫菊酯类农药的方法。将污泥样品冷冻干燥后,加入装有硅藻土的萃取池中,以体积比为1∶1的正己烷-丙酮混合溶液为萃取溶剂,在110℃,10.0 MPa下循环萃取2次,萃取液经减压浓缩后转移至石墨化炭黑固相萃取小柱中,用体积比为1∶1的正己烷-丙酮混合溶液洗脱,控制洗脱流量为4 mL·min~(-1),洗脱液经减压浓缩后过0.22μm有机滤膜。吸附在DB-1701P色谱柱上的滤液中的目标物在用程序升温条件分离后,用配有电子轰击离子源(EI)的质谱仪进行检测,用基质匹配混合标准溶液系列制作标准曲线。结果显示:47种目标物的质量浓度均在2.00～100.0 mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3.143s)为0.04～0.19 mg·kg~(-1);对实际样品进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为58.0%～118%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.80%～7.4%。方法用于分析污水处理厂的污泥样品,检出了毒死蜱(0.23 mg·kg~(-1))、二嗪农(0.39 mg·kg~(-1))、安硫磷(0.71 mg·kg~(-1)),低于GB 36600-2018规定的限值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.