外延Zn_（1－x）Mg_xSe半导体合金的拉曼散射谱研究

外延Ｚｎ＿（１－ｘ）Ｍｇ＿ｘＳｅ半导体合金的拉曼散射谱研究黄大鸣，王杰，刘晓晗，王东红，靳彩霞，郑玉祥（复旦大学物理系和应用表面物理国家重点实验室上海２００４３３）ＲａｍａｎＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＺｎ＿（１－ｘ）Ｍｇ＿ｘＳｅＡｌｌｏｙｓＥｐｉｔａｘｉａｌＧｒ...     

钠米Al＿（2）O＿（3）块体材料在可见光范围的荧光现象

对不同温度退火未掺Ｃｒ的纳米结构Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３块体的荧光谱进行了系统的研究。结果表明，在纳米级勃母石，η－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３和γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３试样中均观察到两个宽的荧光带（ｐ＿１和ｐ＿２带），它们的波数范围分别为２００００—１４５００和１４５００—１１５００ｃｍ￣（－１）。ｐ＿１带可归结为纳米Ａｌ＿Ｏ＿３，本身所含的微量Ｃｒ￣（３＋）离子产生的荧光，这与前人报道的掺Ｃｒ的Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３结果一致，ｐ＿２带为未曾见报道的新的荧光带。本文重点对ｐ＿２带出现的条件及其机制进行了比较详细的讨论。     

光折变材料Cu∶KNSBN的晶格振动和d－d电子跃迁

比较了铜掺杂钾钠铌酸锶钡（Ｃｕ∶ＫＮＳＢＮ）和钾钠铌酸锶钡（ＫＮＳＢＮ）两样品的晶格振动和ｄ－ｄ电子跃迁谱，对于拉曼（Ｒａｍａｎ）谱，Ａ１（ｚ）对称类的差别较小，Ｅ（ｘｙ）对称类的差别最大；对于红外反射谱，两对称类的均差别较大，认为Ｃｕ２＋部分填充了晶格Ａ位和Ｃ位，可见光范围内，ｄ－ｄ电子跃迁谱表明Ｃｕ２＋在晶体中形成两个深能级２．５０ｅＶ和２．６４ｅＶ。     

硅晶格微区结构特征与Raman谱线宽

本文主要讨论半导体器件的晶格质量问题，检测评估工艺过程对基质晶格所造成的损伤程度。文中得出Ｒａｍａｎ线宽与格位扭曲角＜θ＞＿（ｒｍｓ）的关系，一个良好的器件，Ｒａｍａｎ谱半高宽应控制在３一６ｃｍ￣（－１）以内，对应的＜θ＞ｒｍｓ约为１～３     

Raman和FT—IR光谱研究乙酰胺和银（Ⅰ）,铜（Ⅱ）离子的作用

用Ｒａｍａｎ和ＩＲ光谱研究乙酰胺和Ａｇ（Ⅰ）－Ｃ（Ⅱ）离子的作用。结果发现，Ａｇ（Ⅰ）和Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）离子可增强对乙酰胺光谱频带的识别能力，原在ＡＡ中被掩盖的某些谱带，由于Ａｇ－Ｃｕ离子的进入而得到了辨认。     

［（μ－CF＿3CO＿2）＿2Ln（μ－CF＿3HCO＿2）Al（i－Bu）＿2·2THFl＿2（Ln＝Nd，Y）配合物的NMR和X－射线衍射研究

对［μ－ＣＦ＿３ＣＯ＿２）＿２Ｌｎ（μ－ＣＦ＿３ＨＣＯ＿２）Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）＿２·ＴＨＦｌ＿２（Ｌｎ＝Ｎｄ，Ｙ）配合物单晶结构的Ｘ－射线分析指出，配合物具有中心对称性，配位中心由两个稀土和两个Ａｌ离子组成，稀土由两个ＴＨＦ和６个ＴＦＡ分子配位形成畸变的三盖三棱柱结构，Ａｌ由两个ＴＦＡＧ和两个ｉ－Ｂｕ配位形成四面体结构。桥连Ａｌ与两个稀土的ＴＦＡ分子的羧基发生歧化加氢，其碳原子由ＳＰ￣２型转变为ＳＰ￣３型．ＮＭＲ研究表明，在ＴＨＦ溶液中，该配合物保持了它在单晶中的配位结构，所不同的是两个ｉ－Ｂｕ在溶液中有两种异构形成，二者间为慢交换过程。     

KTiOPO＿4晶体纵横模劈裂的喇曼谱

在室温下测量了ＫＴｉＯＰＯ＿４单晶的偏振喇曼散射谱，应用９０°散射及背散射得到了各模的峰位值，其中Ｂ＿１（ＬＯ）模、Ｂ＿２（ＬＯ）模的喇曼谱测量尚未见报道过。根据ＬＯ－ＴＯ劈裂的实验结果，计算出该晶体极化模的有效电荷、振子强度及沿对称轴方向的静态介电常数。     

CdS／SiO_2半导体玻璃复合材料的低频Raman散射光谱研究

ＣｄＳ／ＳｉＯ＿２半导体玻璃复合材料的低频Ｒａｍａｎ散射光谱研究王凯旋，隗罡，黄建滨，戴庆红，赵壁英，桂琳琳，谢有畅，唐有祺（北京大学物理化学研究所北京１００８７１）ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＣｄＳＳｅｍｉｅｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｉｎＳｉｌｉｃａＧｌａｓｓｅｓｂｙＬ...     

低压－金属有机物汽相外延生长的Ga＿（1－x）In＿xAs／InP激光器中深能级的研究

应用深能级瞬态谱（ＤＬＴｓ）技术详细研究低压－金属有机物汽相外延（ＬＰ－ＭＯＶＰＥ）生长的Ｇａ＿（０．４７）Ｉｎ＿（０．５３）Ａｓ／Ｉｎｐ量子阱、宽接触和质子轰击条形异质结激光器中的深能级。样品的ＤＬＴＳ表明，在宽接触激光器的ｉ－Ｇａ＿（０．４７）Ｉｎ＿（０．５３）Ａｓ有源层里观察到Ｈ１（Ｅ＿ｖ＋０．０９ｅＶ）和Ｅ１（Ｅ＿ｃ－０．３５ｅＶ）陷阱，它们可能分别与样品生长过程中扩散到ｉ－Ｇａ＿（０．４７）Ｉｎ＿（０．５３）Ａｓ有源层的Ｚｎ和材料本身的原生缺陷有关。而条形激光器的ｉ－Ｇａ＿（０．４７）Ｉｎ＿（０．５３）Ａｓ有源层的Ｈ２（Ｅ＿ｖ＋０．１１ｅＶ）和Ｅ２（Ｅ＿ｖ－０．４２ｅＶ）陷阱则可能是Ｈ１和Ｅ１与质子轰击引起的损伤相互作用的产物。     

聚丙烯腈热裂解产物的ESR和固体￣（13）CNMR研究

用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）和固体￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ研究了聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）在不同裂解温度（Ｔ＿Ｐ）下的结构变化，当Ｔ＿Ｐ从２５０℃增加到６００℃，ＥＳＲ信号线形没有变化，ｇ值与Ｔ＿Ｐ无关，ΔＨ＿（ＰＰ）减小，自旋浓度（Ｎ＿Ｓ）开始增加，Ｔ＿Ｐ进一步升高，Ｎ＿Ｓ又减少．￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ谱指出在不同Ｔ＿Ｐ下谱峰发生很大变化，与另文报道的红外及Ｘ－射经衍射结果一致，随Ｔ＿Ｐ升高，ＰＡＮ逐渐脱去小分子形成具有环化共轭结构的产物．     

正常色散平坦光纤中皮秒抽运脉冲超连续谱的形成研究

研究了皮秒抽运脉冲在正常色散平坦光纤中超连续谱的形成过程，分析了脉冲演化过程中光波分裂的产生及其所显示的四波混频对超连续谱特性的影响.结果表明：脉冲初期光谱展宽由自相位调制效应主导，此后由于光谱中心区域能量在色散作用下不断向旁瓣转移，自相位调制效应逐渐减弱而四波混频作用增强，光谱会再度显著展宽.超连续谱的噪声特性与光谱演化状态密切相关，是光谱特征结构对抽运脉冲强度噪声响应的动态表征. 关键词： 正常色散平坦光纤 自相位调制 四波混频 超连续谱     

Ag-ZnO混合薄膜在聚合物太阳能电池中的应用

采用旋涂法研制了Ag浆SC100-ZnO混合薄膜,系统研究了不同混合比例SC100∶ZnO薄膜作为电子传输层或光散射层对聚合物太阳能电池器件性能的影响,并讨论了其中存在的物理机制。研究发现,采用少量SC100(1%和2.5%)混合的薄膜作为光散射层,可以提高器件的性能参数(短路电流密度和填充因子),器件的光电转换效率分别提高了4.4%和5%。     

Measurement of A_{FB}^{\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}} in hadronic Z decays using a jet charge technique

The b[`b]\mbox{b}\bar{\mbox{b}} forward-backward asymmetry has been determined from the average charge flow measured in a sample of 3,500,000 hadronic Z decays collected with the DELPHI detector in 1992–1995. The measurement is performed in an enriched b[`b]\mbox{b}\bar{\mbox{b}} sample selected using an impact parameter tag and results in the following values for the b[`b]\mbox{b}\bar{\mbox{b}} forward-backward asymmetry: $ \begin{gathered} A_{FB}^{b\bar b} \left( {89.55 GeV} \right) = 0.068 \pm 0.018 \left( {stat.} \right) \pm 0.0013\left( {syst.} \right) \hfill \\ A_{FB}^{b\bar b} \left( {91.26 GeV} \right) = 0.0982 \pm 0.0047 \left( {stat.} \right) \pm 0.0016\left( {syst.} \right) \hfill \\ A_{FB}^{b\bar b} \left( {92.94 GeV} \right) = 0.123 \pm 0.016 \left( {stat.} \right) \pm 0.0027\left( {syst.} \right) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $ \begin{gathered} A_{FB}^{b\bar b} \left( {89.55 GeV} \right) = 0.068 \pm 0.018 \left( {stat.} \right) \pm 0.0013\left( {syst.} \right) \hfill \\ A_{FB}^{b\bar b} \left( {91.26 GeV} \right) = 0.0982 \pm 0.0047 \left( {stat.} \right) \pm 0.0016\left( {syst.} \right) \hfill \\ A_{FB}^{b\bar b} \left( {92.94 GeV} \right) = 0.123 \pm 0.016 \left( {stat.} \right) \pm 0.0027\left( {syst.} \right) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} The b[`b]\mbox{b}\bar{\mbox{b}} charge separation required for this analysis is directly measured in the b tagged sample, while the other charge separations are obtained from a fragmentation model precisely calibrated to data. The effective weak mixing angle is deduced from the measurement to be: $ sin^2 \theta _{eff}^1 = 0.23186 \pm 0.00083 $ sin^2 \theta _{eff}^1 = 0.23186 \pm 0.00083      

200 nm Supercontinuum Generated by Subpicosecond Optical Pulses and its Evolution Process Observation

200 nm superconticnumm (SC) with high flatness (<3 dB) is demonstrated with subpicosecond optical pulses generated by a passively mode-locked figure-eight-laser. The evolution process of SC under different optical pumping power is observed experimentally. Three sequential evolution stages are found: (1) SC spectrum is asymmetrically broadened due to self-phase modulation (SPM) and group velocity dispersion (GVD). (2) When the broadened spectrum exceeds the zero dispersion point, cross phase modulation (XPM) and four wave mixing (FWM) will cause symmetrical spectrum broadening. (3) stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) causes the spectrum to broaden toward long wavelength quickly when pumping power is intense enough.     

200 nm Supercontinuum Generated by Subpicosecond Optical Pulses and its Evolution Process Observation

Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｗｈｅｎｕｌｔｒａｓｈｏｒｔｏｐｔｉｃａｌｐｕｌｓｅｓｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙ（ｐｕｍｐｉｎｇｌｉｇｈｔ）ａｒｅｉｎｊｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｏｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｓｈｉｆｔｅｄｆｉｂｅｒ（ＤＳＦ）,ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｉｎｆｉｂｅｒｓｕｃｈａｓｓｅｌｆｐｈａｓｅｍｏｄｕｌａｔｉｏｎ（ＳＰＭ）,ｆｏｕｒｗａｖｅｍｉｘｉｎｇ（ＦＷＭ）,ｃｒｏｓｓｐｈａｓｅｍｏｄｕｌａｔｉｏｎ（ＸＰＭ）ａｎｄｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄＲａｍａｎｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉ…     

Comparison of the compensation effects of fiber nonlinear impairments with mid-span optical phase conjugation between PDM CO-OFDM system and PDM QPSK system

The compensation effects of fiber nonlinearity in 112 Gb/s polarization division multiplexing(PDM) coherent optical systems by mid-span optical phase conjugation(OPC) based on four wave mixing(FWM) effect are studied. Comparisons of the compensation results between PDM coherent optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CO-OFDM)system and the single carrier(SC) PDM quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK) system are provided as well. The results demonstrate that nonlinear compensation effect with mid-span OPC in PDM CO-OFDM system is much more obvious than that in SC PDM QPSK system.     

A search for nuclear structure effects in Tm169

The study of nuclear structure effects in internal conversion has been extended to the Tm¹⁶⁹ nucleus. Gamma-gamma, electron-gamma and gamma-electron directional correlations of the 177 keV-131 keV and the 198 keV-110 keV cascades have been measured. The following results were obtained:

$$\begin{array}{l} A_2 (177\gamma - 131\gamma ) = + 0 \cdot 275 \pm 0 \cdot 007,A_4 (177\gamma - 131\gamma ) = - 0 \cdot 005 \pm 0 \cdot 016, \\ A_2 (177\gamma - 131\gamma ) = + 0 \cdot 002 \pm 0 \cdot 007, \\ A_2 (177\gamma - 131K) = + 0 \cdot 497 \pm 0 \cdot 010, \\ A_2 (198\gamma - 110\gamma ) = + 0 \cdot 295 \pm 0 \cdot 007,A_4 (198\gamma - 110\gamma ) = - 0 \cdot 013 \pm 0 \cdot 017, \\ A_2 (198K - 110\gamma ) = + 0 \cdot 001 \pm 0 \cdot 008, \\ A_2 (198\gamma - 110K) = - 0 \cdot 005 \pm 0 \cdot 006. \\ \end{array}$$     

Comparison of supercontinuum generation based on high-energy nanosecond pulses via single-mode and photonic-crystal fibers

We have experimentally investigated the supercontinuum (SC) generation based on high-energy Gaussian-spectrum pulses emitted from an erbium-doped fiber laser with large-anomalous dispersion. The pulses exhibit rectangular shape in temporal domain with the pulse duration of about 16 ns. When the amplified pulses propagate through 10-km single-mode fiber, the SC ranged from 1530 to 1750 nm arises from the stimulated-Raman-scattering effect and the pulses break up due to the modulation instability. Comparatively, when the amplified pulses propagate through a segment of highly-nonlinear zero-dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber, super-broad SC beyond the range of 1300–1750 nm is generated due to strong four-wave mixing effect, whereas the pulses almost maintain their shapes.     

Analysis of performance optimization in supercontinuum sources

We have determined the cause of performance variation as a function of system parameters in supercontinuum (SC) sources in a normal-dispersion fiber by numerically analyzing the noise evolution of the SC. High-order nonlinearity was considered in such an analysis for the first time to our knowledge. We found that the evolution of noise along the SC fiber has two stages: First, the noise is governed by dispersion, which is different from that of the signal, whereas self-steeping leads to an asymmetric noise distribution across the spectrum. Second, four-wave mixing generates new noise components, whereas Raman scattering augments the asymmetry. We evaluated the qualities of the spectrally sliced pulses at several stages to verify the analysis and found an asymmetric profile of the sliced-pulses' quality versus frequency.