脉冲强磁场下的电极化测量系统

多铁性材料是当前物质科学研究的热点,具有重要的科学研究意义和应用前景.低温和强磁场实验环境为研究多铁性材料提供了一种有效途径.脉冲强磁场下的电极化测量系统能实现最高磁场强度60 T、最低温度0.5 K的铁电特性测量.该系统采用热释电方法,具有磁场强度高、控温范围广、转角测量等特点,可用于强磁场下的磁电特性研究.本文介绍了该系统的测量装置和实验原理,并展示了其在多铁性材料研究中的一系列应用,揭示了脉冲强磁场电极化测量系统在磁电特性探索中的重要作用.     

感应法测量脉冲强磁场及其分布

一、前 言 在现代科学技术领域中,强磁场得到了广泛的应用.通常,为了降低磁体的发热,提高供电系统的效应,大体积强磁场系统愈来愈多的采用脉冲强磁场,即在较短的作用时间内产生具有较大幅值的磁场.本文主要介绍感应法测量脉冲强磁场及其分布,并介绍我们自制的测量仪器(多道仪)的线路及实验结果. 二、原 理 许多与磁场有关的物理效应都可用于测量磁场.与其它方法比较起来,感应法测量脉冲强磁场具有使用方便、设备简单、测量范围宽等优点,它仍是目前测量脉冲强磁场的主要方法. 根据感应法原理研制成功的《多通道脉冲强磁场测量仪》(以下简称多…     

脉冲强磁场下稀土材料的发光行为研究

脉冲强磁场具有峰值磁场强及扫场速度快的特点,在一个磁场脉冲内可获得从零场到最高磁场强度的全部数据,因而测量结果具有较高的精确度和对比度。稀土发光材料因具有发光谱线丰富、发光效率高的特点,在照明、显示和传感等领域有着广泛的应用。在强磁场作用下,稀土发光材料展现出发光强度和颜色可调的特征,在磁场传感、磁场标定和磁控发光器件等方面有重要应用价值。文章利用武汉国家脉冲强磁场科学中心磁光测量装置,系统地研究了铒、铕等稀土元素掺杂的发光材料在脉冲强磁场作用下的发光光谱、发光强度以及精细能级结构等特征随磁场变化的规律,初步探索了脉冲强磁场下的磁光谱在晶体结构分析、能级结构确定、磁场标定以及磁场传感等方面的应用。     

通过磁化曲线计算磁熵值

在恒定低磁场下测量磁性物质的M T 曲线,可以确定其居里点;在居里点附近测量一系列等温磁化曲线M H,根据磁化曲线并借助于磁系统的热力学关系式,通过数值计算方法得到磁性材料在施加或撤去外磁场过程中的磁熵变化值.     

用示波器测量脉冲磁导率

引言在雷达和冶炼及计算机等技术中,许多软磁性材料被用来制作脉冲磁器件的铁芯,如何检验软磁材料在脉冲磁化条件下的性能早就引起人们的特别重视。实验表明,软磁铁芯在脉冲作用期间,容易产生强大的涡电流。涡电流是一种纯电动力学效应,按理可以用麦克斯威方程求解,但由于脉冲波形较复杂,求解困难。因此,软磁材料在脉冲磁化条件下的性能,主要靠测量来确定。若涡电流较大,会引起软磁铁芯温度的急剧上升,使铁芯性能改变;而且脉冲作用的时间仅为微秒(或毫微秒的数量级),脉冲波形又为非理想的矩形波,故一般不易测准,若采用脉冲示波器测量还较理想。     

用于激光等离子体中脉冲强磁场产生的电感耦合线圈

脉冲强磁场装置是磁化激光等离子体实验的核心设备.本文研制了一种用于优化脉冲强磁场设备的电感耦合线圈,相对于单匝磁场线圈可以进一步提高磁场强度.通过实验和模拟研究了电感耦合线圈的初级螺线管匝数和直径对磁场强度的影响,发现对于2.4μF电容的放电系统,电感耦合线圈的初级螺线管在35匝、35 mm直径时,可以在5 mm内径的次级磁场线圈中获得最高的峰值磁场强度,是相同尺寸单匝磁场线圈产生磁场强度的3.6倍.在充电电压20 kV时,峰值磁场强度达到19 T,使用铍铜材料的电感耦合线圈克服强磁场中线圈炸裂问题,在35 kV的充电电压下得到了33 T的峰值磁场强度.这种新方法产生了更强的磁场、降低了对回路电感的要求、提升了实验排布的灵活性,为研究强磁场下的激光等离子体行为创造了条件.     

爱因斯坦-德哈斯实验的现代设计

提出并设计了基于爱因斯坦-德哈斯实验的多功能教学实验装置。该实验装置集成了角度传感和磁滞回线测量模块,能够在验证爱因斯坦-德哈斯实验的基础上,进一步测量磁性材料的磁化曲线和磁滞回线。经过实验测试,该装置可以实现教学实验功能,进一步的应用开发可为精密实验测量提供可行的教学科研设备。     

抗磁和顺磁性材料在磁场中弱磁力实验测量

对抗磁性材料和顺磁性材料在强磁场中的弱磁力进行测量.利用设计的实验装置,成功测得抗磁性石墨片和顺磁性材料铝片在永磁铁阵列表面受到的弱磁力.研究证明弱磁力的大小与磁场及磁场梯度乘积成正比.     

基于Stoner-Wohlfarth 模型磁性纳米颗粒的磁化反转

纳米磁性材料由于其特殊的磁学性能,近年来,在许多领域受到了广泛的应用。在基础理 论研究中,人们提出了各种描述纳米磁性材料的理论;另一方面,计算机计算能力以及实验手段 的提高,使得应用计算机进行材料设计以及探测单个纳米颗粒的磁学特性成为可能。这使得人们 对纳米磁性材料的理解更加深入。本篇论文介绍了磁性纳米颗粒的磁化反转机制的基本理论与实 验研究的最新进展。本文首先从磁性材料中基本的相互作用入手说明这些相互作用在纳米尺度下 的表现形式,随后详细介绍了基于Stoner-Wohlfarth 模型计算机模拟方法,最后简单介绍两种 可以用来研究单个纳米颗粒磁化反转实验手段以及相关的实验结果。     

强磁场条件下金属凝固过程中第二相的迁移行为

理论分析表明,第二相的迁移行为可以通过迁移速度进行表征.影响迁移速度的因素包括第二相和熔体的物理性质、磁场强度和梯度大小、第二相的形状和体积等因素.强磁场下洛伦兹力的效果为促进第二相在基体中的均匀分布,其效率在磁场强度大于某一定值时逐渐降低.在梯度强磁场条件下,第二相迁移行为和分布状态的主要控制参数是梯度磁场下的磁化力.在磁场梯度较小时,因洛伦兹力的制约磁化力控制第二相迁移的效果不明显,随着磁场梯度的增加,磁化力的作用效果逐渐增强.通过研究强磁场下Al-Si合金、Al-Ni合金中原位自生第二相的迁移行为实 关键词： 强磁场 迁移 第二相 凝固     

On magnetic moment and magnetic induction

An attempt is made to introduce the concept of magnetic moment and magnetic induction directly from observed mechanical interactions between magnets, without bringing in the idealized notion of isolated magnetic poles.     

磁性材料的磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构

首先简要地介绍了磁性材料中磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构以及相互之间的关系. 一方面, 磁畴结构由材料的磁结构、内禀磁性和微结构因素决定; 另一方面, 磁畴结构决定了材料磁化和退磁化过程以及技术磁性. 拓扑学与材料物理、材料性能的联系越来越紧密. 最近的研究兴趣集中在一些拓扑磁性组态, 如涡旋、磁泡、麦纫、斯格米子等. 研究发现这些拓扑磁结构的拓扑性质与磁性能密切相关. 然后从尺寸效应、缺陷、晶界三个方面介绍国际学术界在磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构方面的进展. 最后介绍了在稀土永磁薄膜材料的微观结构、磁畴结构和磁性能关系、交换耦合纳米盘中的拓扑磁结构及其动力学行为方面的工作. 通过对文献的评述, 得到以下结论: 开展各向异性纳米复合稀土永磁材料的研究对更好地利用稀土资源具有重要的意义. 可以有目的地改变材料的微结构, 可控地进行磁性材料的磁畴工程, 最终获得优秀的磁性能. 拓扑学的概念正在应用于越来越多的学科领域, 在越来越多的材料中发现拓扑学的贡献. 研究磁畴结构、拓扑磁性基态或者激发态的形成规律以及动力学行为对理解量子拓扑相变以及其他与拓扑相关的物理效应是十分重要的. 也会帮助理解不同拓扑学态之间相互作用的物理机制及其与磁性能之间的关系, 同时拓展拓扑学在新型磁性材料中的应用.     

In situ magnetic hysteresis measurement of magnetic tips in magnetic force microscope

In situ magnetic hysteresis measurements of magnetic tips in a magnetic force microscope (MFM) are demonstrated using alternating gradient force magnetometry. The measured magnetic moments of MFM tips are estimated in the range from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁵ emu by this technique and the whole MFM tips in cantilevers are considered to be measured from the value of measured magnetic moments. The relationship between the magnetic hysteresis loops of MFM tips and those of coated magnetic films is discussed.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance in inhomogeneous magnetic fields

The response of the spin system has been investigated by numerical simulations in the case of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment performed in inhomogeneous static and radiofrequency fields. The particular case of the NMR-MOUSE was considered. The static field and the component of the radiofrequency field perpendicular to the static field were evaluated as well as the spatial distribution of the maximum NMR signal detected by the surface coil. The NMR response to various pulse sequences was evaluated numerically for the case of an ensemble of isolated spins (1/2). The behavior of the echo train in Carr-Purcell-like pulse sequences used for measurements of transverse relaxation and self-diffusion was simulated and compared with the experiment. The echo train is shown to behave qualitatively differently depending on the particular phase schemes used in these pulse sequences. Different echo trains are obtained, because of the different superposition of Hahn and stimulated echoes forming mixed echoes as a result of the spatial distribution of pulse flip angles. The superposition of Hahn and stimulated echoes originating from different spatial regions leads to distortions of the mixed echoes in intensity, shape, and phase. The volume selection produced by Carr-Purcell-like pulse sequences is also investigated for the NMR-MOUSE. The developed numerical simulation procedure is useful for understanding a variety of experiments performed with the NMR-MOUSE and for improving its performance. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Radial magnetic field in magnetic confinement device

The intrinsic radial magnetic field(B r) in a tokamak is explored by the solution of the Grad–Shafranov equation in axisymmetric configurations through an expansion of the four terms of the magnetic surfaces. It can be inferred from the simulation results that at the core of the device, the tokamak should possess a three-dimensional magnetic field configuration, which could be reduced to a two-dimensional one when the radial position is greater than 0.6a. The radial magnetic field and the amzimuthal magnetic field have the same order of magnitude at the core of the device. These results can offer a reference for the analysis of the plasma instability, the property of the core plasma, and the magnetic field measurement.     

Giant magnetic moments in dilute magnetic semiconductors

The concentration dependence of the specific magnetic moment value at room temperature in dilute semiconductor titanium oxides doped with either Co or Fe has been investigated. This value was found to increase sharply at small concentrations of magnetic impurity. The magnetic moment of 22.9 μ_B per impurity atom has been revealed for TiO₂ doped with 0.15 at% Co, not yet reported in any semiconductor oxide systems. We conclude the observed giant magnetic moments are caused by the crystal lattice polarization at small impurity concentrations. The comparison with published data point to different types of the magnetization concentration dependence for various semiconductor matrixes that is probably related to the dielectric permittivity of the environment.     

Tunable magnetic relaxation mechanism in magnetic nanoparticles

We investigate theoretically the magnetization dynamics of a conducting magnetic nanoparticle weakly coupled to source and drain electrodes, under the assumption that all relaxation comes from exchange of electrons with the electrodes. In the regime of sequential tunneling, the magnetization dynamics is characterized by a relaxation time t(1), which strongly depends on temperature, bias voltage, and gate voltage. While a direct measure of a nanoparticle magnetization might be difficult, we find that t(1) can be determined through a time resolved transport measurement. For a suitable choice of gate voltage and bias voltage, the magnetization performs a bias-driven Brownian motion regardless of the presence of anisotropy.     

磁场及磁矩的测量实验

对地磁水平分量测量实验加以改进,将其扩充为能够测量亥姆霍兹线圈磁场分布和磁针的转动惯量以及磁针磁矩的实验.使其成为一个综合性较强,适用于开展研究性实验的项目.     

Enhancing magnetic dipole emission with magnetic metamaterials

Magnetic dipole(MD) transitions are important for a range of technologies from quantum light sources and displays to lasers and bio-probes. However, the typical MD transitions are much weaker than their electric counterparts and are usually neglected in practical applications. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate that the MD transitions can be significantly enhanced by the well-developed magnetic metamaterials in the visible optical range. The magnetic metamaterials consist of silver nanostrips and a thick silver film, which are separated with an Eu~(3+):polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) film. By controlling the thickness of the Eu~(3+):PMMA film, the magnetic resonance has been tuned to match the emission wavelength of MDs. Consequently,the intensity of MD emission has been significantly increased by around 30 times at the magnetic resonance wavelength, whereas the intensity of electric dipole emission is well-preserved. The corresponding numerical calculations reveal that the enhancement is directly generated by the magnetic resonance, which strongly increases the magnetic local density of states around the MD emitter and can efficiently radiate the MD emission into the far field. This is the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, that MD transitions can be improved by an additional degree of magnetic freedom, and we believe this research shall pave a new route towards bright magnetic emitters and their potential applications.