中国北方高肌虫研究的新进展

继我国南部寒武纪高肌虫研究之后,我们先后在北方的河南淅川,新疆乌什,陕西洛南、柞水、陇县,辽宁金县、复县及青海大通等地找到了丰富的高肌虫化石,通过对这些化石的研究,我们得出如下结论:1.中国北方高肌虫无论在生活区域还是在层位上均较南方分布广。2.中国北方的高肌虫在属种形态及古地理上都与西南地区的高肌虫有一定联系。     

四川秀山早寒武世高肌虫新材料

本文记述了早寒武世沧浪铺阶一高肌虫新属Tanguangbiella(gen.nov.),标本产于川东南秀山溶溪剖面下寒武统天河板组中部。新属以壳体巨大,具纺缍形前腹瘤、准生长线及缘膜构造为特征,其主要特征接近于高肌虫类,而部分特征也和介形类相似,加之标本稀少,故暂置于高肌虫目。     

陕南镇巴早寒武世高肌虫新属种

本文记述了陕南镇已早寒武世高肌虫,计有18个属29个种及3个未定种,其中包括9个新属、1个新亚属及22个新种。这些化石均产于该地区下寒武统水井沱组下部,相当于三叶虫Eoredlichia带至Zhenbaspis带下部。     

我国发现世界上最古老的放射虫化石

当前,地质古生物学界普遍认为,地球生物史上最早出现的后生动物是澳大利亚680Ma前的伊迪卡拉动物群,保存为印痕化石;此后直到距今590Ma的寒武系底界上才有硬壳生物的“爆发式”演化。但是随着材料的积累,这一框架性的结论日益从多方面受到质疑,成了既具重要意义又使人至感兴趣的问题。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系清虚洞组拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899的发现

剑河八郎松山寒武系黔东统都匀阶清虚洞组主要由泥岩、灰岩组成,下部以灰岩为主,上部为泥岩、灰岩互层,顶部为中层白云岩.上部含有大量的莱德利基虫类、耸棒头虫类和褶颊虫类三叶虫及带软躯体动物多门类化石.本文报道的拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899产于清虚洞组中部及中上部,分异度低,仅1属1相似种,即原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata Liu,1986.原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata化石保存较好,管壁保存有横脊.剑河八郎松山清虚洞组的拜如尼亚虫是贵州杷榔组和凯里组之后另一个产出层位,它的发现不仅丰富了清虚洞组生物群的组成,同时亦为贵州乃至全球寒武系拜如尼亚虫Byronia的演化、埋藏特征等研究提供了新的素材.     

Oryctocephalops和Ovatoryctocara在我国台江的发现及意义

台江八郎、丹寨岩英等地的中-下寒武统凯里组下部地层中，发现了广泛分布于西伯利亚中寒武统下部的Oryctocephalops Lermontova，1940和Ovatoryctocara Techernysheva 1962.这一发现使Oryctocephalops及Ovatoryctocara分布的时代下限延伸至下寒武统顶部，分布范围扩大至亚洲南部；根据这一发现及原有Oryctocephalops和Ovatoryctocara的报导，推测该两属可能在早寒武世晚期起源于我国西南地区；它们的发现还使早寒武世亚太生物大区和西伯利亚过渡生物大区的差异减小，具有古生物学及古地理意义。     

贵州台江早寒武世台江动物群的发现及意义

贵州台江八郎凯里组剖面中下部中、下寒武统界线之下厚达１５米左右的粉砂质泥岩、页岩中存在着一个类似凯里动物群的台江动物群,由８个门类３９个属组成,核心为蠕形动物,三叶虫数量很多。形成于内陆棚浅海环境。时代为早寒武世末期,介于著名的早寒武世早期澄江动物群和中寒武世早期凯里动物群之间,对于早期后生动物的演化研究具有重要的意义。     

Sponge fossil assemblage from the Early Cambrian Hetang Formation in southern Anhui

Abundant well-preserved large articulated sponge fossils and isolated spicules have been reported from the Early Cambrian Hetang Formation, southern Anhui Province. This unique epifaunal fossil assemblage dominated by articulated sponge fossils is called the Xidi Sponge Fauna. The sponge fauna lived in a quiet oxygenic environment below the storm wave base. Bloom of phytoplankton and rapid sedimentation rate resulted in the deposition of the black shales. Sufficient food supply, lack of other competitors, abundant ecological niches, and demand for oxygen during early Cambrian were in favor of the diversification and evolution of large sponges in the Early Cambrian.     

澄江动物群中翻吻动物的埋葬学与生态学研究

目的探讨云南早寒武世澄江化石库中翻吻动物的运动和生态习性。方法依据大量蠕虫标本的观察,认为的确有一部分翻吻动物化石为异地埋葬,并列举了一些原地埋葬的证据。结果部分翻吻动物如Tylotites petiolaris,Paraselkirkia 可能为营底上生活而并非全部为底内钻孔生活;报道了部分翻吻动物的密集埋葬现象;发现一些Cricocosmia 虫体表面具有一种未知生物属性的附生物,可能代表了一种外寄生关系;翻吻动物在滇东地区的分布可能受水深控制。结论早寒武世翻吻动物的运动,以及生态习性发生了一定程度的分异。     

Eocrinoid echinoderms from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Fauna in Wuding, Yunnan, China

This is a brief report of a new occurrence of eocrinoids from the Early Cambrian Wulongqing Formation in Yunnan, China. The eocrinoids from the Guanshan fauna are among the earliest known eocrinoids. Different from many other Early and Middle Cambrian eocrinoids, the Guanshan eocrinoids are char-acterized by the absence of sutural pores and epispires, the long and spiral brachioles, the extremely long stalk, and the ratio of the length of the stalk versus that of the calyx. The discovery of the eocri-noids from the Guanshan fauna not only provides new information to the investigation of the early evolution of this animal group, but also shed new light on the occurrence and migration of early eocrinoids.     

寒武早期泥质基底腕足动物的生活策略——来自澄江动物群的证据

目的 系统分析滇东泥质基底澄江化石库腕足动物的生活方式.方法 依据澄江化石库丰富的腕足动物资料,论证寒武纪早期泥质基底腕足动物的生活策略.结果 寒武纪早期泥质基底上腕足动物的生活方式主要包括肉茎附着型(pedicle-anchoring or pedicle-attaching)、自由平躺型(free-lying)、假内栖型(qusi-infaunal)和表栖粘附型(cemented epifaunal),肉茎附着型是早寒武世腕足动物生活的最普遍的型式.结论 空间生态分析显示,早寒武世滇东海盆中,腕足动物的分布已经具有一定的空间层次性,不同的腕足类型占据了不同的生态位,形成了比较复杂的空间群落结构.     

New observations of the lobopod-like worm Facivermis from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagersttte

Facivermis yunnanicus （Hou ＆ Chen, 1989）, from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte, a worm-like fossil with 5 pairs of tentacles and a perceived shrunken end, has been regarded as related to polychaetes, later it has been variously interpreted as Iobopods, Pentastoma and Iophophorates. Newly discovered complete specimens by the ELI field team show that the taxon has, in addition to the 5 pairs of appendages, a pear-shaped trunk end bearing two or three circles of hooks. Accordingly based on these important morphological characters, reconsideration of its affinities is provided and the taxonomy is remedied herein. Because the five pairs of appendages of Facivermis yunnanicus resemble the appendages of the fore-trunk of Iobopod Miraluolishania （Liu ＆ Shu, 2004）, it seems that they are homologous structures. Therefore, the affinities of Facivermis are regarded here as being close to the Iobopods, in addition, the lobe-like appendages of Facivermis are very crucial to exploring the origin of the appendages of Iobopods and arthropods.     

Preliminary notes on softbodied fossil concentrations from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits

The Chengjiang fauna has played a pivotal role in our understanding of the origin and diversification of metazoans since its discovery in 1984. To date, this fauna has been documented as consisting of 121 genera with 140 species belonging to 24 phyla[1-27]. The geo- graphic distribution of the Chengjiang fauna has been expanded from Chengjiang County to eastern Yunnan Province including Haikou, Malong, Yiliang, Anning and elsewhere[25-33], with about 20 localities in to- tal[25,33]. Succes…     

On the Phylum Vetulicolia

1 The Chengjiang Fauna and the four greatest inno- vations in the evolutionary history of animals In 1837, i.e. 22 years before the formal publication of Origin of Species, by comprehending the finch story in the Galapagos, Charles Darwin understood that an animal species could be transformed into another species bygradual modifications and for the first time drew the fa- mous “branching tree”[1]. A century later, passing through two major revisions, i.e. the so-called Neo-Darwinism and …     

NEW OBSERVATIONS OF THE LOBOPOD-LIKE WORM FACIVERMIS FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG LAGERSTTTE

THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG LAGERST?TTE HAS BEEN CELEBRATED FOR ITS EXCELLENTLY PRESERVED SOFT-BODIED FOSSILS, WHICH ARE SIGNIFICANT FOR UNDER- STANDING THE EVOLUTION OF METAZOANS. ONE OF THE RARE WORM-LIKE FOSSILS, FACIVERMIS YUNNANICUS[1], WHICH HAS5 …     

Earliest Asian discoglossid frog from western Liaoning

Based on a superbly preserved skeleton, a new anuran taxon has been named and described from the Yixian Formation (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous), Liaoning Province, northeastern China. This discovery documents the first discoglossid fossil from China, the earliest record of the group in Asia, and the only second Mesozoic discoglossid known from fully articulated material in the world. The family Discoglossidae is widely perceived as a primitive anuran group, but has no definite fossils found in collaboration with their recent distribution in Asia. The new discovery from Liaoning extends the temporal range of the group in Asia back at least 120 million years, and provides valuable fossil material for study of anatomical details of early discoglossids, as well as of historical distribution of this primitive anuran group.