Effect of chemical composition of PM2.5 on visibility in Guangzhou,China, 2007 spring

The object of this study was to investigate the correlation of visibility with chemical composition of PM2.5 in Guangzhou. In April 2007, 28 PM2.5 samples were collected daily at the monitoring station of the South China Institute of Environmental Sciences （SCIES）, in urban Guangzhou. Water-soluble ionic species （CI^-, NO3^-, SO4^2-, NH4^＋, K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, and Mg^2＋） and carbonaceous contents （OC and EC） of the PM2.5 samples were determined to characterize their impact on visibility impairment. The results showed that sulfate was the dominant species that affected both light scattering and visibility. The average percentage contributions of the visibility-degrading species to light scattering coefficient were 40% for sulfate, 16% for nitrate, 22% for organics, and 22% for elemental carbon. Because of its foremost effect on visibility, sulfate reduction in PM2.5 would effectively improve the visibility of Guangzhou.     

Effect of chemical composition of PM_(2.5) on visibility in Guangzhou,China,2007 spring

The object of this study was to investigate the correlation of visibility with chemical composition of PM2.5 in Guangzhou. In April 2007, 28 PM2.5 samples were collected daily at the monitoring station of the South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), in urban Guangzhou. Water-soluble ionic species (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and carbonaceous contents (OC and EC) of the PM2.5 samples were determined to characterize their impact on visibility impairment. The results showed that sulfate was the dominant species that affected both light scattering and visibility. The average percentage contributions of the visibility-degrading species to light scattering coefficient were 40% for sulfate, 16% for nitrate, 22% for organics, and 22% for elemental carbon. Because of its foremost effect on visibility, sulfate reduction in PM2.5 would effectively improve the visibility of Guangzhou.     

Chemical composition of PM_(2.5) during winter in Tianjin,China

PM2.5 samples for 24 h were collected during winter in Tianjin,China. The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the PM2.5 were determined. Ionic species were analyzed by ion chromatog-raphy,while carbonaceous species were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reectance(TOR) method,and inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spec-trometer. The daily PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 48.2 to 319.2 g/m3 with an arithmetic average of 144.6 g/m3. ...     

Preparation and functionalization of mesoporous silica spheres as packing materials for HPLC

This paper presents the integrated results of a series of new methods for preparing mesoporous silica spheres as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) packing materials. The separation performance of the mesoporous spheres materials has also been determined. Micrometersized silica spheres with uniform spherical morphologies and ordered mesostructures were first successfully synthesized by the method employing a water-soluble polymer-assisted assembly. Then the templates for getting ordered mesoporous materials with high-density silanol groups were removed by using hydrothermal oxidation. Finally the silica spheres were functionalized with C8 alkyl groups by surface modification under hydrothermal conditions. The resultant functionalized silica spheres were demonstrated to be excellent packing materials for HPLC.     

Laslett算法和广义H-H算法在不同迹长层次下的适用性讨论

结构面平均迹长估算的Laslett算法和广义H-H算法虽然在理论上具有严密的推导过程,但实际应用时,由于迹长层次不同,两种算法估值精度不同。在利用开挖边坡所揭露的全迹长资料对不同迹长层次下两种算法的估值精度进行检验的基础上,讨论了两种算法的适用性,并针对工程中所采用的测量窗口高度通常较小这一实际情况,对广义H-H算法在小窗口长迹长层次下的迹长估计值进行适当修正。综合研究结果,建议:(1)小窗口短小迹长层次情况下采用Laslett算法进行迹长估计; (2)小窗口长大迹长层次情况下采用乘以修正系数x=2的广义H-H算法。     

Preparation and functionalization of mesoporous silica spheres as packing materials for HPLC

This paper presents the integrated results of a series of new methods for preparing mesoporous silica spheres as high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） packing materials. The separation performance of the mesoporous spheres materials has also been determined. Micrometer- sized silica spheres with uniform spherical morphologies and ordered mesostructures were first successfully synthesized by the method employing a water-soluble polymer-assisted assembly. Then the templates for getting ordered mesoporous materials with high-density silanol groups were removed by using hydrothermal oxidation. Finally the silica spheres were functionalized with C8 alkyl groups by surface modification under hydrothermal conditions. The resultant functionalized silica spheres were demonstrated to be excellent oacking materials for HPLC.     

关于广义等参有限单元的讨论

研究了新近提出的广义等参单元,讨论了这一新方法与现有方法的关系,提出了一个建立广义有限单元的一般性方法。     

弹性接触过程分析的有限元数值模拟

本文针对机械行业中的弹性接触问题，在有限元分析中，引主接触面单元和预留单元。以滚针轴承为例，对接触问题进行了深入的探讨，为准确地描述两接触体之间相互作用及变形协调的接触过程，提供了一种新方法。     

非线性多类变量有限元的进展

本文介绍了非线性多类变量有限元,即非线性的杂交元和拟协调元近几年来的发展及其变分基础.     

非线性多类变量有限元的进展

本文介绍了非线性多类变量有限元,即非线性的杂交元和拟协调元近几年来的发展及其变分基础.     

A monotone streamline upwind method for quadratic finite elements

A direct streamline upwind method has been developed for convection-dominated flow problems utilizing quadratic elements. The approach presented retains the curve-sidedness feature offered by these elements. This facilitates the use of boundary conforming elements in domains that possess extreme curvature such as turbomachinery bladed components, for which the method is particularly suited. Three test cases are solved to evaluate the stability and diffusive characteristics of the numerical solution. The results presented clearly demonstrate that the proposed method does not exhibit any non-physical spatial oscillations, nor does it suffer from the traditional problem of excessive numerical diffusion.     

A multiblock Navier–Stokes algorithm using equal-order quadratic finite elements

A new multiblock pressure-based finite element algorithm has been developed. This methodology implements quadratic interpolation for both the elemental velocity and pressure fields. A direct streamline upwinding scheme previously developedby the authors is used to model the non-linear inertia effects. Details of the algorithm and its multiblock foundation are provided along with validating test cases. The results presented clearly demonstrate the accuracy of this new approach and the differences in the pressure field for an element using quadratic versus the traditional bi linear approximation of the pressure field.     

Atmospheric Pb levels over Mount Qomolangma region

The Pb spectral concentration of atmospheric aerosol samples observed over Mount Qomolangma site (28°11'33"N, 86°49'59"E, 4950 m ASL) in 2002 was 13.3 ng/m3, about 4.5 times higher than that in 2000. The Pb spectral distribution showed three peaks, located at <0.25 μm, 0.5-1 μm, and 4-8 μm in diameters. The peaks for <0.25 μm and 0.25-0.5 μm may be due to long-distant transport, while that for 4-8 μm probably results from local floating dust. The atmospheric Pb concentration over Mount Qomolangma was lower than that of South Pole, most of the urban areas, and desert areas in the northem hemisphere. The enrichment factors for fine and coarse particles of atmospheric Pb in 2002 over Mount Qomolangma were 413.2 and 62.6, respectively, in support of the slight atmospheric pollution with Pb over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

汽车覆盖件工具曲面有限元网格自适应转换方法

提出一种适用于汽车覆盖件曲面有限元网格转化和在单元水平上提高模拟精度的方法,将平面下通过合并三角形单元成四边形单元的有限元网格转换方法的应用范围扩展到曲面,并且降低了对初始网格形状的要求。算法的关键在于增加了对曲面相邻单元不同夹角情况下的处理和优化规则,以使其能够更好地拟合原始CAD曲面。     

大瑶山隧道岩溶涌水系统分析

本文以系统论和控制论为指导分析了大瑶山燧道岩溶涌水系统。通过利用地质结构特征、水化学场和同位素场的综合信息分析,详细阐述了岩溶涌水的补给来源和范围以及水动力的补排关系。建立了较逼真的岩溶涌水水文地质模型和数学模型,并对涌水过程进行了数值模拟分析。最后分析了涌水所造成的地面塌陷机理并给出其整治方案。     

二维任意多边形有限单元

目前常用于单晶体材料的计算细观力学分析方法是将晶体细分成许多三角形或四边形有限元,对于多晶体材料,这方法的计算量之大将难于承受,实验观测表明,多晶体材料中除角点附近局部区域外每个晶体内部的变形、滑移基本上是绶慢变化的,因此可以将每个晶体简化为一个多边形有限单元,晶界简化为界面单元,使计算量大大减少,本文导出一类任意多边形等参有限元格式,并证明这类多边形单元中的任意两个都是相互协调的,无论其边数是否相等,算例表明任意多边形单元是有效可行的．     

Electric Charging of Soot Particles in Aircraft Engine Exhaust Plumes

A physico-mathematical model is developed and the variation of the charge on soot particles interacting with positive and negative ions in the exhaust of modern subsonic aircraft is simulated numerically. The calculations are based the gas dynamic system of equations for an axisymmetric turbulent isobaric jet. The system is supplemented with the thermodynamic relations, kinetic equations, and equations for the turbulent viscosity. Ion and neutral and charged soot particle concentration distributions over the exhaust jet on the ground and under cruising flight conditions are obtained.