三能级固体激光介质对抽运光吸收的理论研究

从激光介质中光能量的传输方程和描述脉冲激光的能级跃迁速率方程出发，研究了激光介质对抽运光的吸收特性.理论分析表明，固体激光介质对抽运光的吸收不仅是指数函数吸收方式，当抽运光的能量密度增大到一定程度时激光介质对抽运光的吸收变为非指数函数吸收，吸收深度增加.以红宝石晶体为例进行了具体的理论计算，结果显示出了随抽运光能量密度增大介质吸收的变化规律. 关键词： 抽运 激光介质 光传输方程 光吸收     

高功率激光多程放大系统光束传输的计算分析

 报道了高功率激光多程放大系统光束传输的模拟程序, 该程序考虑了放大介质的增益分布、增益饱和、增益恢复系数、介质吸收损耗、B积分以及光阑和空间滤波器等光学元件对激光传输和放大的影响, 并给出了典型的计算实例。     

光脉冲在激光放大介质中的非线性传播

 在考虑了激光放大介质中基质的克尔非线性效应和群速度色散以及活性粒子的增益分布后，导出了光脉冲在激光放大介质中传播的基本方程。并在光脉冲中心频率与介质增益峰值频率时重合时，对皮秒超高斯光脉冲在钕玻璃激光放大介质中传播的脉冲形状进行了分析讨论。     

激光通信原理和技术

激光,是20世纪人类科学最伟大的成就之一。激光一词,来源于英文laser,意即受激辐射光放大。借助于“光泵”,使激活介质的粒子吸收能量后跃迁到高能态,以实现粒子数分布的     

激光介质的多次吸收不均匀内热源模型

针对激光介质的内热源,以多次吸收作用为基础提出了适用于侧面双向泵浦板状激光介质的不均匀内热源模型,即多次吸收不均匀内热源模型,并与均匀内热源和一次吸收内热源模型进行了对比分析。研究表明,介质厚度及光吸收系数组成的无量纲参数不同时,三种内热源模型得到的内热源分布也有所不同。最后给出了内热源不均匀度及多次吸收模型与一次吸收模型之间的差异在不同目标值下的内热源模型适用准则。     

本征态的局域化与增益介质中局域态的放大

用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)模拟了二维增益、非增益随机介质中的光学现象。在非增益介质中，观察到了局域态空间分布及其频率特征。在增益介质中，观察到局域态的放大过程。模拟结果显示非增益介质中的局域态相当于传统激光腔的腔模，随机激光是由局域态谐振产生的。     

飞秒激光离焦抽运熔融石英产生超连续白光的实验研究

利用飞秒激光在熔融石英介质中传输产生能量达数毫焦、波长范围覆盖400-900 nm 且光谱分布较为均匀的超连续白光,实验过程中将熔融石英介质离焦放置以避免被击穿. 研究了入射激光能量以及介质离焦距离对超连续白光特性的影响. 结果表明采用高能量的入射激光脉冲离焦抽运介质的方法能够有效避免介质 击穿损伤并提高超连续白光脉冲的能量输出.     

激光辐照下固体材料的温度分布理论研究

 考虑到有限厚介质的表面热对流，利用格林函数方法理论计算了强激光作用下介质材料的3维温度分布，给出了温升与材料尺寸的关系式及其关系曲线。以单晶硅材料为例进行了模拟计算，结果表明：温升不仅与材料本身的性质（热容，热导率，密度）密切相关，而且还与材料的吸收系数，激光加热参数（功率密度，能量分布，光斑大小，作用时间），以及对流换热系数有关。在激光照射的初始阶段，材料表面温度迅速增加；其后，随着激光照射时间的增加，温度增加量逐步变缓。     

LD波长啁啾效应与二极管抽运固体激光器性能优化

给出了光谱、时间、空间分辨的激光二极管(LD)抽运动力学模型，包括LD阵列输出的波长啁啾效应、输出功率随时间的瞬态变化，重点研究了不同吸收带宽的激光介质对大功率LD阵列输出的光谱选择吸收特性. 基于该模型，分析了三种典型激光增益介质Yb:YAG，Yb:S-FAP，Nd:YAG在脉冲储能运转方式下的抽运激发性能. 优化了不同增益介质所需的LD阵列的初始中心波长，并对三种介质对LD波长啁啾效应的敏感性进行了详细研究. 关键词： 激光二极管阵列 波长啁啾 抽运动力学 激光材料     

激光诱导介质击穿中的脉冲截断问题

强激光与介质相互促进作用过程中,当自由电子的密度达到介质的损伤阈值时,介质将被击穿,脉冲的后续能量被激光等离子体强烈吸收而引发截断,这个时间点定义为截断时间点.脉冲的截断时间点对激光脉冲能量的传输有很大的影响.理论研究了入射激光脉冲能量对脉冲截断时间点分布的影响.定量分析和模拟了截断时间点对脉冲能量透过率的影响.模拟结果和实验结果符合很好.研究发现:激光脉冲能量透过率由脉冲截断时间点的位置决定.当脉冲截断时间点分布在脉冲前沿、峰值和后沿时,激光脉冲能垦的透过率分别对应小于50%,等于50%和大于50%.在线测量激光脉冲能量的透过率也可作为一种在线检测光学元件是否发生破坏的方法.     

LD阵列侧面泵浦棒状激光介质内的光场研究

建立了LD侧面泵浦激光介质内的光场分布数值模型。通过光线追迹方法,简化了介质对泵浦光折射的计算方式。利用Matlab软件数值模拟了泵浦光在介质内的归一化分布。提出获得高质量、高能量的激光输出参数的选取原则。当LD的束腰半径为1μm、LD的数量为40个、介质的半径为1.5mm、发光面到介质的泵浦距离为0.5mm、介质吸收系数在2cm-1～6cm-1之间时,泵浦光在激光介质内的增益分布较好。     

Formation of solitons and realization of the superluminality effect upon femtosecond pulse propagation in a medium containing gold nanoparticles

Based on computer simulation, we demonstrate the possibility of formation of solitons upon propagation of a femtosecond laser pulse in a medium containing gold nanoparticles in the presence of two-photon light absorption. The solitons are formed when the laser pulse induces a positive phase grating. The speed of solitons substantially exceeds the speed of laser radiation propagating in a linear medium.     

Extraordinary variation of pump light intensity inside a four-level solid-state laser medium

A theoretical investigation of the absorption of the pump light at different intensities through a four-level solid-state laser medium is presented. It is found that the variation of the pump intensity inside the laser medium cannot always simply be dominated by Beer's law. Transmission of the pump light through this laser medium is closely related to the pump intensity itself. In fact, when the pump intensity is relatively low, whose values depend on the characteristics of the medium, the variation of the pump light through the laser medium is consistent with Beer's law. However, while the pump intensity is high enough, the relationship between the transmission of the pump light and its propagation distance is demonstrated to be linear. These theoretical results have been confirmed by the experiment with a medium of YAG:Nd.     

Laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy

Emission spectra of multimode lasers are very sensitive to spectrally selective extinction in their cavity. This phenomenon allows the quantitative measurement of absorption. The sensitivity of measurements of intracavity absorption grows with the laser pulse duration. The ultimate sensitivity obtained with a cw laser is set by various perturbations of the light coherence, such as quantum noise, Rayleigh scattering, four-wave mixing by population pulsations, and stimulated Brillouin scattering. It depends on the particular laser type used, and on its operative parameters, for example pump power, cavity loss, cavity length, and length of the gain medium. Nonlinear mode-coupling dominates the dynamics of lasers that feature a thin gain medium, such as dye lasers, whereas Rayleigh scattering is more important in lasers with a long gain medium, such as doped fibre lasers, or the Ti:sapphire laser. The highest sensitivity so far has been obtained with a cw dye laser. It corresponds to 70000 km effective length of the absorption path. The ultimate spectral resolution is determined by the spectral width of mode emission, which is 0.7 Hz in this dye laser. High sensitivity and high temporal and spectral resolution allow various practical applications of laser intracavity spectroscopy, such as measurements and simulations of atmospheric absorption, molecular and atomic spectroscopy, process control, isotope separation, study of free radicals and chemical reactions, combustion diagnostics, spectroscopy of excited states and nonlinear processes, measurements of gain and of spectrally narrow light emission. Intracavity absorption in single-mode lasers shows enhanced sensitivity as well, although not as high as in multimode lasers. Received: 10 May 1999 / Published online: 29 July 1999     

Modeling of light propagation in turbid medium using Monte Carlo simulation technique

The aim of the current study is to simulate the laser photon through biological tissue during PDT therapy using Monte Carlo simulation technique. The model is coded using MATLAB. Interaction of laser light with turbid medium e.g. human tissue depends on the optical properties of the medium i.e. refractive index n, absorption coefficient μ _a , scattering coefficient μ _s and anisotropy factor g. Laser light transport through tissue is governed by the radiative transport equations based on absorption and scattering. Direct sampling is used for step-size generation before interaction via absorption or scattering with the transmitting medium, for deflection and azimuthal angle (θ and ϕ) when the scattering even occurs. The tissue medium considered is divided into radial, axial and angular grid elements and an infinite narrow beam with normal incidence on the tissue is considered. The laser light absorbance inside the tissue, reflectance at the top boundary of the tissue and transmittance at the bottom are estimated and these quantities are shown varying radially and angularly. Results of reflectance, transmittance and fluence are compared with the already published results to confirm the authenticity of our coding and these results are found to lie at only 3–4% error.     

Attenuation and speckle modulation of laser light in dispersive dye-doped media: Competition of absorption and scattering processes

The effect of competition of laser light absorption and scattering in dispersive media (1 μm polystyrene microspheres in ethylene glycol) with added dye (rhodamine 6G) was studied under the condition of near-resonant absorption of probe light in the host medium (solution of rhodamine 6G in ethylene glycol). The parameters of speckle modulation of transmitted light (the average speckle intensity and the oscillation index) were applied for characterization of light transport in the probed scattering systems as a function of dye concentration. The increase in dye concentration does not cause the expected decay in the transmittance of the examined dispersive systems for 532 nm laser light, but results in the decrease of their turbidity. This effect is accompanied by the rise of the average intensity and the oscillation index of speckle-modulated light, and can be rationalized by partial matching of the real parts of refractive indices for the host medium and embedded scatterers. This interpretation was supported by statistical modeling of light transport through the examined scattering systems.     

Time-resolved laser optoacoustic tomography of inhomogeneous media

The methods of time-resolved laser optoacoustic tomography of inhomogeneous media and related problems are reviewed. Time-resolved laser optoacoustic tomography allows one to measure the distribution of light absorption in turbid media with depth resolution up to several microns in real time. The theory of laser excitation of acoustic waves by absorbing of light in particles, dispersed in transparent, light-absorbing or scattering media, is developed. The distribution of light absorption can be obtained from the temporal course of acoustic pressure. Two schemes of acoustic wave detection — in the medium under testing (direct detection) and in transparent medium, coupled to the investigated one (indirect detection) — are discussed. In both cases the reconstruction of light absorption can be made by simple calculations. Test experiments with homogeneous and layered media confirm the proposed theoretical models and the possibility of using the proposed experimental schemes. Light absorption in homogeneous, inhomogeneous media and in absorbing particles dispersed in turbid media was investigated. The experimental setup allows one to measure the absorption coefficients over the range 1-500 cm^–1 with the depth resolution 10–15 m over the depth 1–1.5 mm.     

Spin-flip Raman laser at magnetic fields up to 14 T

We extended the range of operation of the CO₂ laser pumped spin-flip Raman laser in n-InSb up to magnetic fields of 14 T. The laser at high fields is strongly influenced by optical phonons which interact resonantly with the electron spin system, and by intraband absorption of the Raman scattered light in the scattering medium.