Contour line construction for a new rectangular facility in an existing layout with rectangular departments

In a recent paper, Savas et al. [S. Savas, R. Batta, R. Nagi, Finite-size facility placement in the presence of barriers to rectilinear travel, Operations Research 50 (6) (2002) 1018–1031] consider the optimal placement of a finite-sized facility in the presence of arbitrarily shaped barriers under rectilinear travel. Their model applies to a layout context, since barriers can be thought to be existing departments and the finite-sized facility can be viewed as the new department to be placed. In a layout situation, the existing and new departments are typically rectangular in shape. This is a special case of the Savas et al. paper. However the resultant optimal placement may be infeasible due to practical constraints like aisle locations, electrical connections, etc. Hence there is a need for the development of contour lines, i.e. lines of equal objective function value. With these contour lines constructed, one can place the new facility in the best manner. This paper deals with the problem of constructing contour lines in this context. This contribution can also be viewed as the finite-size extension of the contour line result of Francis [R.L. Francis, Note on the optimum location of new machines in existing plant layouts, Journal of Industrial Engineering 14 (2) (1963) 57–59].     

Parabolic and hyperbolic contours for computing the Bromwich integral

Some of the most effective methods for the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform are based on the approximation of the Bromwich contour integral. The accuracy of these methods often hinges on a good choice of contour, and several such contours have been proposed in the literature. Here we analyze two recently proposed contours, namely a parabola and a hyperbola. Using a representative model problem, we determine estimates for the optimal parameters that define these contours. An application to a fractional diffusion equation is presented.

     

基于改进轮廓系数法的航空公司客户分群研究

鉴于航空公司在客户聚类分群中对聚类效果进行评价并确定最佳k值的轮廓系数法存在时间复杂度过高O(n2)以及准确率较低问题,文章首先采用对象与同簇或不同簇中心间距离计算来替换同类或异类对象间的距离计算,并通过聚类效果变化率确定轮廓系数调节位置及调节权重,提出一种改进的轮廓系数法;其次,基于预处理且特征选择后真实航空公司客户数据构建聚类模型,借助改进轮廓系数法确定最优客户分群,并构建用户画像;最后,针对不同航空公司分群客户进行特征描述并提出相应个性化服务措施,辅助航空公司为客户提供个性化产品与服务。实证研究结果表明:不同样本量下改进轮廓系数法的精确率和运行效率均有所提升;基于改进轮廓系数法的航空公司客户分群结果符合客观实际,所提服务措施为航空公司最大化客户需求、提高客户满意度提供借鉴。     

Segments,rectangles, contours

Two sets H and V of horizontal and vertical segments, respectively, determine a subdivision M of the plane into regions. A nontrivial region is one whose boundary contains an end-portion of nonzero length of at least one segment, and the nontrivial contour of M is the collection of boundaries of nontrivial regions. In this paper we consider several problems pertaining to H and V, such as the construction of the nontrivial contour of M, of the external contour of M, and of a path between two points in the plane avoiding the segments (route-in-a-maze). We show that, if |H| + |V| = n, all of these problems are solved in time O(n log n), by making use of a static data structure, called the adjacency map, which can be searched in time O(log n) and can be constructed in time O(n log n). The algorithms for the nontrivial and external contour are shown to be optimal.     

Isoepiphanic shapes of high-pressure vessels

We consider the generalized statements of the problems of optimization of geometric shapes for simple and complex domains under given constraints. Along with the condition of minimization of the domain boundary, some additional constraints are introduced on the pointwise or contour “fastening” of the domain. The obtained results can be used for optimal design of high-pressure tanks and vessels, including the multisection ones.     

Contour integral method for European options with jumps

We develop an efficient method for pricing European options with jump on a single asset. Our approach is based on the combination of two powerful numerical methods, the spectral domain decomposition method and the Laplace transform method. The domain decomposition method divides the original domain into sub-domains where the solution is approximated by using piecewise high order rational interpolants on a Chebyshev grid points. This set of points are suitable for the approximation of the convolution integral using Gauss–Legendre quadrature method. The resulting discrete problem is solved by the numerical inverse Laplace transform using the Bromwich contour integral approach. Through rigorous error analysis, we determine the optimal contour on which the integral is evaluated. The numerical results obtained are compared with those obtained from conventional methods such as Crank–Nicholson and finite difference. The new approach exhibits spectrally accurate results for the evaluation of options and associated Greeks. The proposed method is very efficient in the sense that we can achieve higher order accuracy on a coarse grid, whereas traditional methods would required significantly more time-steps and large number of grid points.     

Parabolic Equations with Changing Direction of Time

Doklady Mathematics - A theorem about the behavior of Cauchy-type integrals at the endpoints of the integration contour and at discontinuity points of the density is stated, and its application to...     

Effective direct methods for aerodynamic shape optimization

A direct method for aerodynamic shape optimization based on the use of Bézier spline approximation is proposed. The method is tested as applied to the optimization of the supersonic part of an axisymmetric de Laval nozzle. The optimization results are compared with the exact solution obtained by the control contour method (variational nozzle) and with nozzles constructed using another direct method, namely, local linearization. It is shown that both direct optimization methods can be used on rather coarse grids without degrading the accuracy of the solution. The optimization procedure involves the isoperimetric condition that the surface area of the nozzle is given and fixed, which prevents the use of the control contour method. Optimization with allowance for viscosity is performed using the method. For fairly short maximum possible nozzle lengths in the range of Reynolds numbers under consideration, it is shown that allowance for viscosity does not improve the nozzle shape produced by optimization based on the Euler equations. The role of viscosity is reduced to the determination of an optimal length.     

Flexible isosurfaces: Simplifying and displaying scalar topology using the contour tree

The contour tree is an abstraction of a scalar field that encodes the nesting relationships of isosurfaces. We show how to use the contour tree to represent individual contours of a scalar field, how to simplify both the contour tree and the topology of the scalar field, how to compute and store geometric properties for all possible contours in the contour tree, and how to use the simplified contour tree as an interface for exploratory visualization.     

Application in Aerohydrodynamics of the Solution of an Inverse Boundary Value Problem for Analytic Functions

We consider a modified inverse boundary value problem of aerohydrodynamics in which it is required to find the shape of an airfoil streamlined by a potential flow of an incompressible nonviscous fluid, when the distribution of the velocity potential on one section of the airfoil is given as a function of the abscissa, while, on other sections of the airfoil, as a function of the ordinate of the point. The velocity of the undisturbed flow streamlining the sought-for airfoil is determined in the process of solving the problem. It is shown that, under rather general conditions on the initially set functions, the sought-for contour is closed unlike the inverse problem in the case when, on the unknown contour, the velocity distribution is given as a function of the arc abscissa of the contour point. We also consider the case when, on the entire desired contour, the distribution of the velocity potential is given as a function of one and the same Cartesian coordinate of the contour point.     

A block Arnoldi-type contour integral spectral projection method for solving generalized eigenvalue problems

For generalized eigenvalue problems, we consider computing all eigenvalues located in a certain region and their corresponding eigenvectors. Recently, contour integral spectral projection methods have been proposed for solving such problems. In this study, from the analysis of the relationship between the contour integral spectral projection and the Krylov subspace, we conclude that the Rayleigh–Ritz-type of the contour integral spectral projection method is mathematically equivalent to the Arnoldi method with the projected vectors obtained from the contour integration. By this Arnoldi-based interpretation, we then propose a block Arnoldi-type contour integral spectral projection method for solving the eigenvalue problem.     

Simple and optimal output-sensitive construction of contour trees using monotone paths

Contour trees are used when high-dimensional data are preprocessed for efficient extraction of isocontours for the purpose of visualization. So far, efficient algorithms for contour trees are based on processing the data in sorted order. We present a new algorithm that avoids sorting of the whole dataset, but sorts only a subset of so-called component-critical points. They form only a small fraction of the vertices in the dataset, for typical data that arise in practice. The algorithm is simple, achieves the optimal output-sensitive bound in running time, and works in any dimension. Our experiments show that the algorithm compares favorably with the previous best algorithm.     

Dynamics and self-propulsion of a spherical body shedding coaxial vortex rings in an ideal fluid

We describe a model for the dynamic interaction of a sphere with uniform density and a system of coaxial circular vortex rings in an ideal fluid of equal density. At regular intervals in time, a constraint is imposed that requires the velocity of the fluid relative to the sphere to have no component transverse to a particular circular contour on the sphere. In order to enforce this constraint, new vortex rings are introduced in a manner that conserves the total momentum in the system. This models the shedding of rings from a sharp physical ridge on the sphere coincident with the circular contour. If the position of the contour is fixed on the sphere, vortex shedding is a source of drag. If the position of the contour varies periodically, propulsive rings may be shed in a manner that mimics the locomotion of certain jellyfish. We present simulations representing both cases.     

The shape optimization of the arterial graft design by level set methods

The goal of the arterial graft design problem is to find an optimal graft built on an occluded artery, which can be mathematically modeled by a fluid based shape optimization problem. The smoothness of the graft is one of the important aspects in the arterial graft design problem since it affects the flow of the blood significantly. As an attractive design tool for this problem, level set methods are quite efficient for obtaining better shape of the graft. In this paper, a cubic spline level set method and a radial basis function level set method are designed to solve the arterial graft design problem. In both approaches, the shape of the arterial graft is implicitly tracked by the zero-level contour of a level set function and a high level of smoothness of the graft is achieved. Numerical results show the efficiency of the algorithms in the arterial graft design.     

Quantifying the Uncertainty of Contour Maps

Contour maps are widely used to display estimates of spatial fields. Instead of showing the estimated field, a contour map only shows a fixed number of contour lines for different levels. However, despite the ubiquitous use of these maps, the uncertainty associated with them has been given a surprisingly small amount of attention. We derive measures of the statistical uncertainty, or quality, of contour maps, and use these to decide an appropriate number of contour lines, which relates to the uncertainty in the estimated spatial field. For practical use in geostatistics and medical imaging, computational methods are constructed, that can be applied to Gaussian Markov random fields, and in particular be used in combination with integrated nested Laplace approximations for latent Gaussian models. The methods are demonstrated on simulated data and an application to temperature estimation is presented.     

The Evolution of Initial Small Disturbance in Discrete Computation of Contour Dynamics

In this paper, we mainly discuss the evolution of initial small disturbance in discrete computation of the contour dynamics method. For one class of smooth contour, we prove the stability of evolution of initial small disturbance based on the analysis of the convergence of the contour dynamics method with Euler's explicit method in time. Namely, at terminal time T, the evolving disturbance is going to zero as initial small disturbance goes to zero. The numerical experiment on the stability of contour dynamics has been given in [5,6].     

Continuous extension of maps between sequential cascades

The contour of a family of filters along a filter is a set-theoretic lower limit. Topologicity and regularity of convergences can be characterized with the aid of the contour operation. Contour inversion is studied, in particular, for iterated contours of sequential cascades. A related problem of continuous extension of maps between maximal elements of sequential cascades to full subcascades is solved in full generality.     

Dirichlet级数在偶数点计算公式的残数证明

根据Bernoulli数的发生函数为亚纯函数的特点,文章将复分析与组合数学结合起来,利用围道积分方法,得到在偶数点的Dirichlet级数∑ from k=1 to +∞ ((-1)k-1)/(k2n)(n≥1)的计算公式.     

Vortex design problem

In this investigation we propose a computational approach for the solution of optimal control problems for vortex systems with compactly supported vorticity. The problem is formulated as a PDE-constrained optimization in which the solutions are found using a gradient-based descent method. Recognizing such Euler flows as free-boundary problems, the proposed approach relies on shape differentiation combined with adjoint analysis to determine cost functional gradients. In explicit tracking of interfaces (vortex boundaries) this method offers an alternative to grid-based techniques, such as the level-set methods, and represents a natural optimization formulation for vortex problems computed using the contour dynamics technique. We develop and validate this approach using the design of 2D equilibrium Euler flows with finite-area vortices as a model problem. It is also discussed how the proposed methodology can be applied to Euler flows featuring other vorticity distributions, such as vortex sheets, and to time-dependent phenomena.     

Decreasing the Displacements of a Composite Saddle-Shaped Cable Roof

The structural possibilities of decreasing the compliance of a composite saddle-shaped cable roof having a compliant support contour are investigated. The use of a supporting contour consisting of cables joined together with tie-bars is considered as a structural method enabling one to decrease the compliance of the roof. Each cable of the support has its own initial flexure. The method is most efficient from the viewpoint of material consumption per unit of covered area relative to the increasing rigidity and prestress level of the cable net.The efficiency of the method was evaluated by a numerical experiment, which was carried out for a composite saddle-shaped cable roof 50 × 50 m in the plan. The roof was formed by two orthogonal cable groups joined with a compliant supporting contour. A hybrid composite cable based on a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, and steel was considered as a material for the cable net in combination with steel. The material consumption and the maximum vertical displacement of the cable net in relation to the initial geometrical characteristics of the supporting contour were obtained. A possibility of decreasing the maximum vertical displacements of the roof by 8% was established.