两类折反射望远镜的研究

本文研究了两类折反射望远镜.第一类是由一块非球面反射镜和分别放置在它的前面和焦点前的两块非球面薄板组成的.第二类是由一块球面反射镜和一块非球面弯月形透镜组成的,这块弯月形透镜相当于一块球面的马克苏托夫(Maksutov)弯月形透镜加上一块施密特(Schmidt)非球面薄板.本文通过优化,得到了这两类折反射望远镜的一系列较佳结构,然后对大量的光线进行追迹,从追迹的结果研究了其性能.文中列出了这两类望远镜的像质和点图.     

用能劝光学技术控制激光焦线形态的方法研究与仿真计算

用一块能动反射镜、一块柱面透镜和一块非球面透镜可组成新原理的焦线形态控制系统。随时改变能动反射镜形状以调制波面位相，能钭入射激光束变换成辐射照均匀、长度在一定范围内连续可调的焦线。针对高斯型人射光强，探讨了用该系统控制激光焦线形态的可行性。     

用能动光学技术控制激光焦线形态的方法研究与仿真计算

 用一块能动反射镜、一块柱面透镜和一块非球面透镜可组成新原理的焦线形态控制系统。随时改变能动反射镜形状以调制波面位相,能将入射激光束变换成幅照均匀、长度在一定范围内连续可调的焦线。针对高斯型入射光强,探讨了用该系统控制激光焦线形态的可行性。     

特凸球面分划镜的制造

我国新设计的一种新式高射机枪配的光学瞄准镜,有一块特凸的双胶合球面分划镜,这种胶合球面分划镜是由一块在凸面刻有分划线条并着锌白的分划镜和一块在凹面上由照相复印所得银线条的分划镜胶合而成,两块球面分划镜的几何尺寸及主要技术要求如图1所示:     

凹凸桥实验演示器

一、实验装置 (1)木架如图1所示。用长90厘米、宽9厘米的木板一块作为底板。另用长65厘米、宽9厘米的木板一块,把它固定在底板的一端,并与底板成120°的角。再在距角的顶点28厘米、62厘米处的底板上分别竖直固定长为13厘米、24厘米,宽都是9厘米的木板各一块。     

初中“按装电动机模型”的分组实验

一、所用器材蹄形永久磁铁一块;直径0.59毫米漆包线4米;直径3.5厘米、长4厘米的圆木柱;废钢锯条一根;直径1.2厘米、长1.5厘米软木塞一个;铜片一块;直径3毫米铁丝一根。     

折反式大视场星敏感器光学系统设计

讨论了由逆卡塞格林结构和补偿器构成的折反式星敏感器光学系统。该光学系统由一块球面反射镜、一块非球面反射镜以及由同种光学玻璃做成的两块球面透镜和一块非球面透镜组成。具有视场大、相对孔径大和易实现等优点。给出了该光学系统的设计指标和设计思想,并给出了由其初级像差公式确定初始结构参数的方法。经优化设计,得到了全视场为20°、入瞳直径为36.3mm、相对孔径为1∶1.2的光学系统。给出了它的成像质量评价。     

基于等厚干涉原理的液体折射率测定装置

设计了由一块等腰梯形玻璃棱镜和一块平玻璃板组成的"积木式"劈形膜构件,借助于常规的读数显微镜和单色平行光源,就可以方便地利用等厚干涉原理测量透明液体的折射率.结果表明这种测量装置物理思路清晰、操作简便、重复性好、测量精度高,适合在高校的光学实验室推广.     

用激光观测牛顿环

用激光观测牛顿环刘凤玲，王宝林（石家庄陆军学院０５００８３）采用稳频的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器的激光产生于涉的最大光程差可达１８０ｋｍ，用它作为光源，观察牛顿环可只用一块平凸透镜或一块凹凸透镜就可以了．Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器发射出３毫弧度发散角的激光束，射向平凸透...     

巧用指针式多用表

指针式多用表内一般有一块1.5V低电压池和一块9V或15V高电压池.其黑表笔接内部电源的正极,红表笔接负极,指针表读取精度较差,但指针摆动过程较直观,其摆动速度幅度也能比较客观地反映被测量的大小.指针表较适用于相对来说大电流高电压的模拟电路的测量.     

Feedback coupling loss in single mode fiber lasers

Based on the expansion of the fundamental mode LP₀₁ in single mode fiber in terms of Laguerre-Gaussian free space modes, the feedback coupling losses for two different types of cavity mirror, i.e., a curvature mirror and a combing mirror of a lens and a plane mirror, are numerically calculated for the first time. The results show that, for the curvature mirror, the lowest coupling loss is obtained when its curvature radius matches the wavefront curvature. In particular, if a plane mirror is used as the cavity mirror, it has to be placed close to the fiber end to obtain the low coupling loss. For the combing mirror, the lowest coupling loss can be obtained when the plane mirror is placed at the back focal plane of the lens, and the variation of the coupling loss is insensitive to the mirror positions for the lens with longer focal length. Finally, the plane mirror and the combing mirror of a lens and a plane mirror are suggested to be the cavity mirror in the practical construction of the high power fiber lasers.     

Comparison of different types of secondary mirrors for solar application

Two-stage solar concentrators make solar beams downwards providing flexible choices for energy utilization. Five types of secondary mirrors (a flat mirror, an ellipsoidal mirror, a hyperboloidal mirror with upper/lower sheet and a paraboloidal mirror) are compared. Effects of geometry parameters and concentrator precisions on the optical performance are analyzed using Advanced System Analysis Program. The results indicate that concentrators with a flat mirror or hyperboloidal mirror with lower sheet are more sensitive to rim angle or relative location. The secondary mirror is better a convex surface especially when rim angle is more than 90°. A flat mirror or hyperboloidal mirror with lower sheet performs better with higher redirect focal points. A hyperboloidal mirror with upper sheet is the best however numerical aperture changing. The intercept factors decreased with the increase of random errors or optical errors. Both the fabrication and assemblage requirements for a concentrator with a hyperboloidal mirror with lower sheet are the strictest. Experiments are carried out based on a hyperboloidal mirror with upper sheet. The experiments results are in accordance with the ray-tracing results. Therefore, further studies on optimization of the two-stage concentrators using the ray-tracing model can be conducted.     

Two-Dimensionally Deflecting Mirror Using Electromagnetic Actuation

This paper describes the structure and characteristics of a deflecting mirror using electromagnetic actuation. We used a moving magnet structure for mirror actuation and focused on designing a mirror structure with effective magnetic force (for low-power operation) and a simple fabrication process (to achieve low manufacturing cost). In this design, the magnetic forces of attraction and repulsion are simultaneously used for mirror deflection, allowing the mirror to be operated with low current. Moreover, the structures of the yoke core and magnet bar have been designed to further reduce the operating current. Such a mirror structure is simple and can be easily fabricated with a small number of components. This structure can be used not only for a one-dimensionally deflecting mirror but also for a two-dimensionally deflecting mirror by attaching a second yoke core.     

快反系统中平面反射镜的轻量化设计

根据快速控制反射镜系统(快反系统)对平面反射镜的设计要求,对快反镜的轻量化结构进行了优化设计。选择比刚度大、热变形系数小的碳化硅为镜坯材料,采用背部开槽式结构减重,背部3点式支撑,对不同筋宽和镜面厚度等多种轻量化方案进行了有限元分析。结果表明:筋宽越大,镜体刚度越好,但筋宽增大到一定程度时,反射镜刚度的改善程度减缓;镜面越厚,镜体内应力、自重变形越大。结合反射镜设计要求和有限元分析结果,加工制备了筋宽为4 mm,镜面厚度为4 mm的碳化硅反射镜,镜体轻量化率达55%。实测反射镜的面形精度,其RMS值不超过λ/30,与分析结果相符,满足系统的使用要求。     

强激光热管冷却镜的数值研究

 为消除强激光微沟道水冷镜冷却水压力和扰动对激光输出稳定性的影响和冷却水道对冷却水流量的限制,提出并设计了热管冷却镜。采用ANSYS有限元软件,模拟计算了相同结构下镜面热吸收为12 W/cm²,实心镜、微沟道水冷镜与热管冷却镜连续工作60 s下镜体温升和镜面变形量。计算结果表明：热管冷却镜镜面轴向位移最大峰谷值为0.109 4 μm,微沟道水冷镜最大峰谷值为0.845 μm,实心镜镜面最大峰谷值为1.33 μm,热管冷却镜对镜面变形改善显著。     

Trapping and cooling a mirror to its quantum mechanical ground state

We propose a technique aimed at cooling a harmonically oscillating mirror to its quantum mechanical ground state starting from room temperature. Our method, which involves the two-sided irradiation of the vibrating mirror inside an optical cavity, combines several advantages over the two-mirror arrangements being used currently. For comparable parameters the three-mirror configuration provides a stiffer trap for the oscillating mirror. Furthermore, it prevents bistability from limiting the use of higher laser powers for mirror trapping, and also partially does so for mirror cooling. Lastly, it improves the isolation of the mirror from classical noise so that the quantum mechanical dynamics of the mirror become easier to observe. These improvements are expected to bring the task of achieving and detecting ground state occupation for the mirror closer to completion.     

FTIR光谱仪中基于定镜调整的动镜运动控制研究

动镜是FTIR光谱仪中唯一不断运动的部件,动镜的匀速运动性能以及动镜与定镜的准直性好坏影响干涉效果和光谱图质量,直接制约着仪器的精度和分辨率,对仪器整体指标起着重要作用。文章围绕FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪动镜运动的匀速性以及其与定镜的准直性展开研究,使用相位检测技术对定镜的姿态作出动态调整以补偿动镜与定镜间的倾斜夹角,并且设计了具有磁悬浮特点的动镜支撑系统。文章采用改进的模糊PID控制算法实现动镜运动速度的精确调节,对该控制方案从硬件设计和算法上实现。结果表明所研发的动镜运动控制系统具有足够的精度和实时性,能够保证FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪所需的准直性及动镜匀速性的要求。     

分布式电极连续面型微变形反射镜力电耦合特性分析

 针对基于MEMS技术制造的连续面型薄膜微变形反射镜，从薄膜理论出发对其力电耦合变形特性进行理论分析，导出了镜面变形表达式。利用该式及响应频率表达式，定量分析了镜面相关尺寸参数对变形量的关系，为变形镜的结构设计提供了可靠的理论依据。结果表明，当镜面厚度为1 μm且与驱动电极间距20 μm时，对控制电压不超过120 V，响应频率大于50 kHz的应用场合，变形镜镜面半径应在2.1～13.8 mm之间进行选择。仿真结果显示，驱动电压较小时，镜面变形与驱动电压平方近似成线性关系。     

一种新型微小视频卫星光学系统设计

基于Ritchey-Chretien （R-C）光学系统,采用Zemax软件设计次镜为类曼金反射镜的折反射式光学系统。系统的焦距为3 000 mm,视场角为1,相对孔径为1/8,工作谱段为450 nm~900 nm。结果表明,截止频率为50 lp/mm处的MTF值为0.55,接近衍射极限,畸变小于0.022%。类曼金镜的非球面反射面与主镜构成R-C光学系统,消除了系统的球差和彗差,折射面分担次镜的光焦度,减小了非球面的非球面偏心率。类曼金反射镜的加入,将次镜非球面偏心率的平方由4.356减小到1.940,而且系统总长度由600 mm减小到550 mm。     

气动驱动变厚变曲率反射镜技术

以环形线负载驱动模型为基础,分析了环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜难以兼顾大中心形变与高精度面形保持的原因;从薄板弹性理论出发,得到了一种气动驱动变厚变曲率反射镜物理模型.理论分析表明,将反射镜的厚度分布从等厚改为变厚,并采用气压均匀驱动替代推力环环形驱动,反射镜不仅能产生大的中心形变,而且在形变过程中的面形精度也远高于环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜的.基于超硬铝反射镜样片的试验验证了对变厚变曲率反射镜的理论分析;试验中,反射镜初始面形精度接近λ/50(632.8nm),施加0.032 MPa驱动气压产生约22μm中心形变时,反射镜面形精度依然优于λ/20(632.8nm),证明该气动驱动结合变厚设计这一技术具有较大的应用潜力.