On-line solid-phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers to selectively extract substituted 4-chlorophenols and 4-nitrophenol from water

Three polymers have been synthesised using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as the template, following different protocols (non-covalent and semi-covalent) and using different functional co-monomers, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and methacrylic acid (MAA). The polymers were evaluated to check their selectivity as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled on-line to liquid chromatography. The solid-phase extraction procedure using MIPs (MISPE), including the clean-up step to remove any interferences, was optimised. The 4-VP non-covalent polymer was the only one which showed a clear imprint effect. This MIP also showed cross-reactivity for the 4-chloro-substituted phenols and for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from a mixture containing the 11 priority EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) phenolic compounds and 4-chlorophenol. The MIP was applied to selectively extract the 4-chloro-substituted compounds and 4-NP from river water samples.     

Molecularly imprinted polymers for bisphenol A for HPLC and SPE from water and milk

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for bisphenol A (BPA) were prepared by two synthetic routes: semi-covalent and noncovalent methodology. The molecular imprinting effect was evaluated using the polymers in HPLC and SPE. Polymers prepared with noncovalent mode were proven more effective. These polymers were applied in SPE facilitating selective retention of BPA from bottled water and milk. The developed sample preparation was simple and efficient comprising only dilution of milk and MISPE prior to LC-MS analysis. Overall MISPE enhanced sample clean-up. Compared with control nonimprinted polymers and conventional C18 SPE cartridges, the MIPs exhibited selective analyte recognition. The method provided quantitative BPA recoveries, very good reproducibility (% RSDs lower than 7%), and low LOD (0.2 ng/g). MIP interacts similarly with deuterated BPA allowing its use as internal standard in LC-MS. The most critical parameters of MISPE were the organic content in loading-washing medium and the washing volume. Low flow rates in the elution step enhanced extraction recovery. Important advantages of the MIP were: the high breakthrough volumes (> 500 mL of water), high mass capacity (> 10 ng/mg of MIP sorbent), good linearity, and good stability in performance for over 35 cycles of use.     

Molecularly imprinted polymers: An analytical tool for the determination of benzimidazole compounds in water samples

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for benzimidazole compounds have been synthesized by precipitation polymerization using thiabendazole (TBZ) as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) as cross-linkers and a mixture of acetonitrile and toluene as porogen. The experiments carried out by molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) in cartridges demonstrated the imprint effect in both imprinted polymers. MIP–DVB enabled a much higher breakthrough volume than MIP–EDMA, and thus was selected for further experiments. The ability of this MIP for the selective recognition of other benzimidazole compounds (albendazole, benomyl, carbendazim, fenbendazole, flubendazole and fuberidazole) was evaluated. The obtained results revealed the high selectivity of the imprinted polymer towards all the selected benzimidazole compounds.An off-line analytical methodology based on a MISPE procedure has been developed for the determination of benzimidazole compounds in tap, river and well water samples at concentration levels below the legislated maximum concentration levels (MCLs) with quantitative recoveries. Additionally, an on-line preconcentration procedure based on the use of a molecularly imprinted polymer as selective stationary phase in HPLC is proposed as a fast screening method for the evaluation of the presence of benzimidazole compounds in water samples.     

Development of a broad selective molecularly imprinted polymers-based solid phase extraction of contraceptive drug levonorgestrel from water samples

A broad selective molecularly imprinted polymers-based solid phase extraction (MISPE) for levonorgestrel (LNG) from water samples was developed. Using LNG as a template molecule, acrylamide (AA) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as linking agent and bulk polymerisation as a synthetic method, the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesised and characterised. The MIPs displayed a high specific rebinding for LNG with the imprinting factor of 3.71. The Scatchard analysis showed that there was at least one class of binding site for LNG formed in the MIPs with the dissociation constant of 8.046?µg?mL^?1. The results of selectivity testing indicated that the MIPs also exhibited high cross-reactivity with structurally related compounds (estrone, methylprednisolone and ethinyl estradiol), but no recognition with non-structurally related compound (indomethacin), suggesting that the MIPs could be used as a broad recognition absorbent. MISPE column was prepared by packing MIPs particles into a common SPE cartridge. The MISPE extraction conditions including loading, washing and eluting solutions were carefully optimised. Water samples spiked with LNG were extracted by MISPE column and detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries were found to be 79.97?～?132.79% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.92?～?10.43%, indicating the feasibility of the prepared MIPs for LNG extraction.     

Design of an imprinted clean-up method for mycophenolic acid in maize

In the present work, the development of imprinted polymers selective towards mycophenolic acid and their application in food analysis are reported for the first time. To synthesize the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) 4-vinylpyridine and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate were applied as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. Besides the toxin itself, the implementation of structural analogues as templates was evaluated. A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedure was designed for the selective clean-up of maize extracts. Binding experiments and Scatchard analysis indicated the presence of specific binding sites in the imprinted polymers. The imprinting effect varied along with the selected template. The dissociation constant (K(D)) of the higher affinity binding sites ranged from 0.8 μmol/l to 15.6 μmol/l, while the K(D) of the lower affinity binding sites was in the range of 138.5-519.3 μmol/l. The performance of the MIPs throughout the clean-up of spiked maize sample extracts was evaluated and compared with the results obtained when applying a non-imprinted polymer. Depending on the polymers and the spiked concentration, recoveries after MISPE and non-imprinted solid-phase extraction varied respectively from 49% to 84% and from 28% to 31%. The imprinted polymers were superior regarding matrix effect, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). LOD ranged from 0.17 μg/kg to 0.25 μg/kg and LOQ varied from 0.57 μg/kg to 0.82 μg/kg. Analysis of 15 maize samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the MIPs could be excellent sorbents for clean-up of contaminated food samples.     

吲哚美辛纳米胶体金分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在固相萃取中的应用

以吲哚美辛(IDM)为模板分子,丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,本体聚合法制备过程中加入纳米胶体金,合成了吲哚美辛胶体金分子印迹聚合物(MIPs/Au),利用MIPs/Au表面胶体金对蛋白吸附作用,将抗吲哚美辛的多克隆抗体固定在MIPs/Au上,得到表面固定有抗体的新型聚合物(MIPs/Au-Ab)并对其进行了表征。制备了填充材料为MIPs/Au-Ab的固相萃取柱并对其上样、淋洗和洗脱条件进行了优化,并将所制备的新型萃取柱用于水样中IDM的分离富集。抗吲哚美辛抗体交联在聚合物表面,不仅增加了萃取柱的特异性吸附容量,而且有效地降低了MIP的非特异性吸附。     

Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization for solid-phase extraction of bisphenol A

The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for bisphenol A (BPA) was reported in this article. The resulting MIPs have high imprinting and adsorption capacities, and can be used for separation and determination of BPA in environmental water samples. The successful application of ROMP in the molecular imprinting field is described here. For the first time, two cross-linkers (dicyclopentadiene and 2,5-norbornadiene) and two Grubbs catalysts (first and second generation) were investigated to compare their effects on the binding performance of MIPs. The ROMP technique is able to create the imprinted polymers within 1 h under mild conditions. Furthermore, it can provide MIPs with obvious imprinting effects towards the template, very fast template rebinding kinetics, high binding capacity and appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. The adsorption process for MIPs in this study can be completed within 45 min, which is much faster than that of bulk MIPs synthesized by traditional free-radical polymerization. The resulting imprinting polymer was evaluated for its use as a sorbent support in an off-line solid-phase extraction approach to recover BPA from diluted aqueous samples. The optimized extraction protocol resulted in a reliable MISPE method suitable for selective extraction and preconcentration of BPA from tap water, human urine and liquid milk samples. This article demonstrates the practical feasibility of the MIPs prepared via ROMP as solid-phase extraction materials.     

Synthetic approaches to parabens molecularly imprinted polymers and their applications to the solid-phase extraction of river water samples

In this paper we describe the synthesis, characterisation and use of two distinct molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared using esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) as templates: one MIP was synthesised by precipitation polymerisation using a semi-covalent molecularly imprinting strategy with methyl paraben as the template/target (MIP 1); the second MIP was prepared in monolithic form through a conventional non-covalent molecular imprinting strategy, with butyl paraben as the template (MIP 2). MIP 1 recognized methyl paraben, showed cross-selectivity for other parabens analytes used in the study and higher affinity towards these compounds than did a non-imprinted control polymer. Similarly, MIP 2 demonstrated higher affinity towards paraben analytes than a non-imprinted control polymer.For the analysis of environmental water samples, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol was developed using MIP 2 as sorbent, and results were compared to a SPE using a commercial sorbent (Oasis HLB). With MIP 2 as sorbent and butyl paraben as target, when percolating 500 mL of river water spiked at 1 μg L⁻¹ through the SPE cartridge, and using 1 mL of isopropanol as cleaning solvent, a higher recovery of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (butyl paraben) and a cleaner chromatogram where achievable when using the MIP compared to the commercial sorbent.     

Molecular imprinting-based separation methods for selective analysis of fluoroquinolones in soils

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) have been synthesised in one single preparative step by precipitation polymerisation using ciprofloxacin (CIP) as template. Combinations of methacrylic acid (MAA) or 4-vinylpyridine (VP) as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker and dichloromethane, methanol, acetonitrile or toluene as porogens were tested. The experiments carried out by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) in cartridges did not allow to detect any imprint effect in the VP-based polymers whereas it was clearly observed in the MAA-based polymers. Among them, the MIP prepared in methanol using MAA as monomer showed the best performance and was chosen for further experiments. The ability of the selected MIP for the selective recognition of other widely used FQs (enoxacin, norfloxacin, danofloxacin and enrofloxacin) and quinolones (Qs) (cinoxacin, flumequine, nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid) was evaluated. The obtained results revealed the high selectivity of the obtained polymer, which was able to distinguish between FQs, that were recognised and retained onto the MIP cartridge, and Qs, which were washed out during loading and washing steps. The MIP was then packed into a stainless steel column (50mmx4.6mm i.d.) and evaluated as chromatography column for screening of FQs in soil samples. The mobile phase composition, flow rate, and the elution profile were then optimised in order to improve peak shape without sacrifying imprinting factor. Finally, under optimised conditions, soil samples spiked with CIP or with a mixture of fluoroquinolones in concentration of 0.5microgg(-1) were successfully analysed by the developed MIP-based procedures.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer for solid-phase extraction of rutin in complicated traditional Chinese medicines

In the present work, an improved and direct approach for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was proposed. The MIPs were prepared based on bulk polymerization by water-bath heating and ultrasonic elution of the template, using rutin as the template, acrylamide (AM) as the functional monomer and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the cross linker. Molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by other elution methods, including microwave-assisted extraction and conventional Soxhlet extraction, were used for comparison and the results showed that the ultrasonic elution method is the best. The synthesized MIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the adsorption properties and recognition mechanism of the MIPs. Structurally similar compounds including quercetin and genistein were utilized for verifying the molecular selectivity and characterizing the recognition capability of the MIPs. The MIPs were used as a sorbent for the solid phase extraction of rutin, and the resultant cartridge showed a good extraction performance. Thus, a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedure for selective pre-concentration of rutin from complicated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) samples was proposed. Various elution parameters that affect the adsorption capacity of the polymer were evaluated to optimize the selective pre-concentration of rutin. The characteristics of the MISPE method were validated by HPLC. The recoveries ranged from 85% to 91% for TCMs, which demonstrated that this MISPE-HPLC method could be applied to pre-concentrate and determinate rutin directly from complicated TCM samples in the presence of other interfering substances.     

Development of a selective molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase extraction for indomethacin from water samples

A selective molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) for indomethacin (IDM) from water samples was developed. Using IDM as template molecule, acrylamide (AM) or methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as crosslinker, and bulk or suspension polymerization as the synthetic method, three molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and characterized with a rebinding experiment. It was found that the MIP of AM-EDMA produced by bulk polymerization showed the highest binding capacity for IDM, and so it was chosen for subsequent experiments, such as those testing the selectivity and recognition binding sites. Scatchard analysis revealed that at least two kinds of binding sites formed in the MIP, with the dissociation constants of 7.8 μmol L⁻¹ and 127.2 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. Besides IDM, three structurally related compounds — acemetacin, oxaprozin and ibuprofen — were employed for selectivity tests. It was observed that the MIP exhibited the highest selective rebinding to IDM. Accordingly, the MIP was used as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of IDM in water samples. The extraction conditions of the MISPE column for IDM were optimized to be: chloroform or water as loading solvent, chloroform with 20% acetonitrile as washing solution, and methanol as eluting solvent. Water samples with or without spiking were extracted by the MISPE column and analyzed by HPLC. No detectable IDM was observed in tap water and the content of IDM in a river water sample was found to be 1.8 ng mL⁻¹. The extraction efficiencies of the MISPE column for IDM in spiked tap and river water were acceptable (87.2% and 83.5%, respectively), demonstrating the feasibility of the prepared MIP for IDM extraction. Figure Molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase extraction for indomethacin     

Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers for selective solid-phase extraction of pseudoephedrine

Molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) is a well known technique for the selective extraction and pre-concentration of analytes, are present at low levels in chemically complex materials. Herein, water-soluble, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were prepared for solid-phase extraction of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSE), which was monitored at 256 nm by the UV spectroscopy. MISPE conditions were optimized to allow the selective and determination of PSE in aqueous samples and composite materials, such as biological fluids and human urine. MIP was prepared by precipitation polymerization method, using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linking agent in either acetonitrile or chloroform. The results suggest that the obtained MISPE exhibits high affinity for PSE, and the imprinted polymer demonstrates much higher efficiency than a non-imprinted polymer (NIP). The imprinting-induced extraction was confirmed by the determination of recovery values for NIP (4%) and MIP (80%) polymers, respectively. The binding capacity of the MIP for PSE was found of 47.6 mg g⁻¹.     

Clean up of phenylurea herbicides in plant sample extracts using molecularly imprinted polymers

Two different molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization using linuron or isoproturon (phenylurea herbicides) as templates and trifluormethacrylic acid as functional monomer. These materials were used as selective sorbents in the development of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedures for the determination of several phenylurea herbicides (fenuron, metoxuron, chlortoluron, isoproturon, metobromuron, and linuron) in plant samples extracts. The MISPE procedures were fully optimized and applied to the clean up of selected phenylurea herbicides in carrot, potato, corn, and pea sample extracts and finally determined by HPLC-UV at 244 nm. Although a high degree of clean up was obtained, a decrease of the MIP recognition capabilities was observed in subsequent runs. Thus, a previous clean up protocol based on the use of a non-imprinted polymer was used to prevent the loss of MIP performance and to ease the removal of interferences. Following this procedure, namely two-step MISPE, matrix compounds were almost completely removed by the non-imprinted polymer retaining the ability of MIPs to selectively rebind target analytes unaltered. The developed MISPE procedures allowed the screening of phenylurea herbicides in plant samples at concentration levels required by established European maximum residue limits.     

Preparation and application of molecularly imprinted polymer for isolation of chicoric acid from Chicorium intybus L. medicinal plant

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and applied for the extraction of chicoric acid from Chicory herb (Chicorium intybus L.). A computational study was developed to find a suitable template to functional monomer molar ratio for MIP preparations. The molar ratio was chosen based on the comparison of the binding energy of the complexes between the template and functional monomers. Based on the computational results, eight different polymers were prepared using chicoric acid as the template. The MIPs were synthesized in a non-covalent approach via thermal free-radical polymerization, using two different polymerization methods, bulk and suspension. Batch rebinding experiments were performed to evaluate the binding properties of the imprinted polymers. The best results were obtained with a MIP prepared using bulk polymerization with 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker with a molar ratio of 1:4:20. The best MIP showed selective binding ability toward chicoric acid in the presence of the template’s structural analogues, caffeic acid, caftaric acid and chlorogenic acid.     

Selective solid-phase extraction of amoxicillin and cephalexin from urine samples using a molecularly imprinted polymer

In this paper we describe, for the first time, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX), synthesised by a noncovalent molecular imprinting approach and used to extract AMX selectively from urine samples. The MIP was applied as a molecularly selective sorbent in molecularly imprinted SPE (MISPE) in an off-line mode, where it showed useful cross-selectivity for a structurally related antibiotic, cephalexin (CPX). By using a MISPE protocol, the MIP was able to selectively extract both AMX and CFX from 5 mL of water spiked with 10 mg/L with recoveries of 75 and 78% for AMX and CFX, respectively. When applied to real samples (urine) at clinically relevant concentrations, recoveries from 2 mL of human urine spiked with 20 mg/L decreased slightly to 65 and 63% for AMX and CFX, respectively. To demonstrate further the selectivity of the MIP obtained, a comparison with commercially available SPE cartridges was performed. Improvements in the retention of both AMX and CFX on the MIP were obtained relative to the commercially available cartridges, and the MISPE extracts were considerably cleaner, due to molecularly selective analyte binding by the MIP.     

Development of a group selective molecularly imprinted polymers based solid phase extraction of malachite green from fish water and fish feed samples

A group selective molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) for malachite green (MG) from fish water and fish feed samples was developed. Using MG as template molecule, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycoldimethacrylate as linking agent and bulk polymerization as synthetic method, the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and characterized with rebinding experiment. The Scatchard polt's analysis revealed that the template-polymer system showed the two-site binding behavior with dissociation constants of 0.3194 μmol L⁻¹ and 15.70 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. MG and two structurally related compounds, leucomalachite green (LMG) and crystal violet (CV) were employed for selectivity test. The MIPs exhibited the highest selective rebinding to MG, but also displayed 83.0% and 87.5% of cross-reactivity with LMG and CV, demonstrating that MIPs could be used as group recognition sorbents in solid phase extraction. The extraction conditions of MISPE column for MG were optimized. Tap water samples spiked with MG at concentration of 0.5-10 ng mL⁻¹ were extracted by MISPE column and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries of MISPE column for MG extraction were found to be 76.8-93.7% with the relative standard deviations of 2.12-10.09%, indicating the feasibility of the prepared MIPs for MG extraction. No detectable MG was observed in one fish farming water sample and two fish feed samples; while the MG concentrations in two pet fishpond water samples were found at 1.50 ng mL⁻¹ and 0.67 ng mL⁻¹, respectively.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Sorbents for Selective Extraction of Coumarins

Coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and dicoumarol molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were synthesized by bulk polymerization. Methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine were tested as functional monomers and methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene and chloroform were tested as porogens. The binding capabilities of the imprinted polymers were assessed by equilibrium binding analysis. Highest binding capacity was obtained for MIP prepared for the template 7-hydroxycoumarin synthesized in methacrylic acid as functional monomer, chloroform as porogen and methanol/water as analyte solvent. Scanning electron microscopy analysis documented its appropriate morphology. ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed successful polymerization of MIP. Coumarin structural analogues were employed to evaluate the polymer selectivity and it was found that polymer prepared for 7-hydroxycoumarin was selective for its template molecule. Kinetic studies showed relatively fast adsorption of analytes to MIPs (1 h). Rebinding properties of MIPs were evaluated by adsorption isotherms. The calculated data fitted well with experimental data showing that Freundlich isotherm is suitable for modelling the adsorption of tested coumarins on prepared MIPs. Applicability of polymer prepared for 7-hydroxycoumarin was tested for the selective extraction of coumarins from the sample of chicory.     

Selective solid phase extraction of propranolol on multiwell membrane filter plates modified with molecularly imprinted polymer

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized in 24-well glass fiber membrane filter plates to obtain a novel type of solid phase extraction device for the cleanup of propranolol. Sample processing parameters like residence time during sample loading, sample volume, pH, sample solvent, type and amount of washing and elution solvents were investigated and optimized. Important differences from the traditional molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) cartridges have been identified. The MIP modified composite membrane suits well for the sample preparation of low volume biological samples. A protocol has been elaborated for the quantitation of propranolol from urine and plasma samples in the clinically relevant concentration ranges. Preliminary validation results indicate that the composite MIP membrane filter plates offer a viable alternative to existing MISPE cartridges and at the same time have advantages like much easier and faster synthesis method and high-throughput analysis.     

Preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the solid-phase extraction of scopolamine with hyoscyamine as a dummy template molecule

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) selective for scopolamine were produced using hyoscyamine (a close structural analogue) as template molecule. The produced polymers were used as media for solid-phase extraction, exhibiting selective binding properties for the analyte from biological samples. Human and calf urine and serum were processed on the MIP under various extraction protocols. The best performance was observed after loading the analyte in aqueous environment facilitating retention on the MIP by non-selective hydrophobic interactions. The MIPs were subsequently washed using an optimised solvent system to enable selective desorption of the analyte. Other related and non-related compounds were accessed to evaluate molecular recognition properties. Recoveries of up to 79% were achieved for the analyte of interest from biological samples.     

Pseudo-template molecularly imprinted polymer for selective screening of trace β-lactam antibiotics in river and tap water

To assess the potential risks associated with the environmental exposure of β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs), the monitoring of the occurrence, distribution, and fate of these emerging contaminants in the environment is required. Herein, we demonstrate a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method for selective and reliable screening of trace BLAs in river and tap water. By developing a low-temperature photopolymerization, highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for five BLAs (penicillin G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin and mezlocillin) were synthesized. Nafcillin was chosen as a pseudo template to make the MIP sorbent (Nafc-MIP), which was used in pseudo-template MISPE for preconcentration of the other four BLAs from river and tap water. The application of pseudo-template MISPE overcomes the template bleeding, which significantly elevates the sample background and restricts the application of MIP for detection of the target BLA below 2 μg/L. The average recoveries of BLAs are in the range of 60–90% when Nafc-MIP was adopted as the selective MISPE sorbent. The developed method was validated, and applied to the screening of trace β-lactam antibiotics in river and tap water. The linearity of the calibration curve for each BLA was observed over the range of 0.1–20 μg/L (r > 0.998). The β-lactam antibiotics were found within the range of 0–9.56 μg/L in river water at the downstream of antibiotics manufacturers, and none were detected in the tap water.