利用导向滤波的宽动态范围图像增强技术

随着现代CCD和CMOS相机阵列尺寸的增大,越来越多的像素被集成到焦平面阵列上。基于该项技术可以获取更高分辨率和更宽动态范围的图像,该图像包含了更多真实的细节信息。然而,在处理这种图像的时候,尽管图像具有宽动态范围,但是却无法显示图像的所有有用信息。一些技术已经被用于先进的相机以解决上述问题,但它们还是存在或多或少的缺点。因此,提出了一种新的宽动态范围图像增强算法。该算法使用导向图像滤波器对图像进行分割,然后同时处理被分割的基频层以及细节层。通过增强高频信号来突出细节层中图像的细节,同时使用策略处理基频层以控制灰度对比度。颜色饱和度可以通过两个层一起控制。通过细节层和基频层来增强原始宽动态范围图像,提高数字细节、灰度自适应以及颜色对比度。对算法进行了详细的分析。图像仿真示例显示该算法性能可靠。     

自适应平台直方图高动态范围红外图像显示方法

针对不同场景高动态范围红外图像的自适应显示方法问题,提出了一种基于图像分割的自适应平台直方图显示方法,首先进行图像分割,再根据分割结果讨论平台阈值的选取,并分析了平台阈值的选取依据。试验结果表明本文方法对不同场景均获得了良好显示效果,具备实用性。     

High dynamic range image reconstruction for multi-bit quanta image sensor

An adaptive thresholds algorithm is proposed in this letter, which is used to determine the global optimal thresholds for multi-bit quanta image sensor(MB-QIS). Firstly, the senor model of MB-QIS is set up. Then global optimal thresholds theory is analyzed and a thresholds optimization algorithm based on the binary search is designed to determine the optimal global thresholds. Finally, the high dynamic range(HDR) images are reconstructed by the noniterative maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) ima...     

高动态范围图像算法的高校管理研究

尽管iCAM06算法适合处理动态范围较大的图像;但却损耗了一定的准确性。文中采用小波变换的方式对图像进行分层处理。经实验对比,设计算法针对性地解决了iCAM06算法中的问题,对动态范围小的图像同样具有良好的处理效果,并且成果避免了光晕现象,取得了令人满意的效果。算法在iCAM06算法的基础上实现改进,用以显示高动态图像。这一研究对于实现高校管理的高动态范围监控具有一定的意义。     

基于引导滤波分层的宽动态范围红外图像细节增强算法

针对宽动态范围红外图像在视觉效果方面出现的对比度低、细节信息不凸显及整体清晰度较差问题,本文提出了一种基于引导滤波分层的宽动态范围红外图像细节增强算法。该算法采用方差决策加权引导滤波对原图作分层,得到了更接近原图的基础层和更精细的细节层。为提高基础层的对比度,首先改进CLAHE的全局剪切点提升增强效果,然后基于AC视觉显著模型指导全局和改进局部直方图的融合,合理兼顾了图像背景和目标;为有效加强细节信息,基于多尺度加权引导滤波得到了信息更全面的新细节层,接着采用梯度域导向滤波对其消噪,再由Sigmoid函数压缩强边缘并突显细微目标,最后将两层信息融合并输出。实验结果表明,该算法在主观视觉和定量指标上均强于对比算法,且自适应强,鲁棒性好。     

DMD结合图像传感器的高动态场景成像探测

微镜阵列DMD空间光调制器结合图像传感器能够解决高动态场景中强弱目标同时探测的问题,获得高动态图像数据,能使光电成像设备动态范围扩展到130 dB以上。为了实现快速的像素级光强控制以及获得高质量的实际场景高动态图像数据,根据实际场景成像其非边缘区域的相邻像素值变化缓慢的特点,提出了一种适合DMD驱动方式的像素级调光算法-自适应空间区域法,它具有较快的收敛速度,最坏的情况下,经过N/I次即可完成调光权值的搜索;在以FPGA为驱动核心的高动态场景成像探测实验系统平台上,对DMD的驱动时序进行了分析研究。并通过此实验平台验证了自适应空间区域法的有效性,该方法能够实现对高动态场景中强弱目标的同时探测,具有很好的光强控制质量,对场景光强局部变化的适应性较强。     

An adaptive morphological filter for image processing

Novel types of opening operator (NOP) and closing operator (NCP) are proposed. An adaptive morphological filter is then constructed on the basis of the NOP and NCP. The filter can remove any details consisting of fewer pixels than a given number N, while preserving the other details. Efficient algorithms are also developed for the implementation of the NOP and NCP.     

Enhanced dynamic range analog filter topologies with a notch/all-pass circuit example

The signal handling capability of the filters is called dynamic range. In this paper, a topological form for the synthesis of filters with high dynamic range is proposed. A biquad notch/all-pass filter is shown in conformity with the given topological form. It is shown that there is a trade-off between dynamic range and high input impedance property. The presented circuit is compared with other notch filters in the literature. It has less number of components, better high-frequency response and dynamic range compared to others. Since the circuit includes a minimum number of resistors, it can easily provide electronically tunable circuits through resistor/controlled current conveyor replacement. Simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results. Routh-Hurwitz stability analyses are also given.     

Arrayed waveguide dynamic gain equalization filter with reducedinsertion loss and increased dynamic range

We present an arrayed waveguide dynamic gain equalization filter with less than 4.5-dB insertion loss and greater than 14-dB dynamic range over the C-band resulting from three improvements: a circulator and polarization splitter combined into one, used to make the device polarization insensitive; segmentation in the star coupler transition regions; and an exponential control wavelength distribution     

A fast image super-resolution algorithm using an adaptive Wiener filter.

A computationally simple super-resolution algorithm using a type of adaptive Wiener filter is proposed. The algorithm produces an improved resolution image from a sequence of low-resolution (LR) video frames with overlapping field of view. The algorithm uses subpixel registration to position each LR pixel value on a common spatial grid that is referenced to the average position of the input frames. The positions of the LR pixels are not quantized to a finite grid as with some previous techniques. The output high-resolution (HR) pixels are obtained using a weighted sum of LR pixels in a local moving window. Using a statistical model, the weights for each HR pixel are designed to minimize the mean squared error and they depend on the relative positions of the surrounding LR pixels. Thus, these weights adapt spatially and temporally to changing distributions of LR pixels due to varying motion. Both a global and spatially varying statistical model are considered here. Since the weights adapt with distribution of LR pixels, it is quite robust and will not become unstable when an unfavorable distribution of LR pixels is observed. For translational motion, the algorithm has a low computational complexity and may be readily suitable for real-time and/or near real-time processing applications. With other motion models, the computational complexity goes up significantly. However, regardless of the motion model, the algorithm lends itself to parallel implementation. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated here in a number of experimental results using simulated and real video sequences. A computational analysis is also presented.     

Polyphase adaptive filter banks for fingerprint image compression

A perfect reconstruction polyphase filter bank structure is presented in which the filters adapt to the changing input conditions. The use of such a filter bank leads to higher compression results for images containing sharp edges such as fingerprint images     

大动态范围下的热像显示

在热成像系统中,存在信号源动态范围大,而显示输出动态范围小的矛盾。解决此问题的办法：一是使用笮对立佃和偏移实现人机分离;二是使用信号压缩,保证最大限度地显示所需信息。在介绍了Ｉ类３２元和ＩＩ类ＳＰＲＩＴＥ组件热像仪的大动态范围下热像显示的基础上,提出了高位采样直方图压缩的方法。通过对这几种方法的分析比较,认为第一种方法面对图像且计算量大;而文中的方法面对目标且具有较宽的动态范围,如果需要对目标作进     

Wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with pixel level ADC

A new enhanced dynamic range (DR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) CMOS imaging system with a pixel level analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. The proposed reset technique and time-to-digital converter increases DR and peak SNR simultaneously. The circuit reuse concept is also proposed to increase the fill factor.     

红外焦平面成像系统动态范围自适应技术研究

针对目前一些红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)成像系统动态范围较小的问题,分析比较了国内外在系统动态范围扩展方面的研究及其优缺点,介绍了通过自适应调节系统积分时间的工作方式来调整动态范围的方法。包括3个方面的内容：采用对获得图像进行特征判断的方法获取调整依据;结合LMS自适应滤波技术给出了调整算法;由于积分时间的变化会对系统非均匀性产生影响,结合两点校正法提出了一种简单可行的非均匀性问题的解决方案。最后,对整体方案进行了实验验证,通过实验证明了自适应动态范围调整方法的可行性,并获得了较好的效果,成像质量有明显提高。     

Lifting-based wavelet domain adaptive Wiener filter for image enhancement

A method of applying lifting-based wavelet domain Wiener filter (LBWDMF) in image enhancement is proposed. Lifting schemes have emerged as a powerful method for implementing biorthogonal wavelet filters. They exploit the similarity of the filter coefficients between the low-pass and high-pass filters to provide a higher speed of execution, compared to classical wavelet transforms. LBWDMF not only helps in reducing the number of computations but also achieves lossy to lossless performance with finite precision. The proposed method utilises the multi-scale characteristics of the wavelet transform and the local statistics of each subband. The proposed method transforms an image into the wavelet domain using lifting-based wavelet filters and then applies a Wiener filter in the wavelet domain and finally transforms the result into the spatial domain. When the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is low, transforming an image to the lifting-based wavelet domain and applying the Wiener filter in the wavelet domain produces better results than directly applying Wiener filter in spatial domain. In other words each subband is processed independently in the wavelet domain by a Wiener filter. Moreover, in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method the result obtained using the proposed method is compared to those using the spatial domain Wiener filter (SDWF) and classical wavelet domain Wiener filter (CWDWF). Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance over SDWF and CWDWF both visually and in terms of PSNR.     

Wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with in-pixel double-exposure and synthesis

A wide-dynamic-range CMOS image sensor (CIS) based on synthesis of a long-time and a short-time exposure signal in the floating diffusion (FD) of a five-transistor active pixel is proposed.With optimized pixel operation,the response curve is compressed and a wide dynamic range image is obtained.A prototype wide-dynamic-range CMOS image sensor was developed with a 0.18 μm CIS process.With the double exposure time 2.4 ms and 70 ns,the dynamic range of the proposed sensor is 80 dB with 30 frames per second (fps).The proposed CMOS image sensor meets the demands of applications in security surveillance systems.     

像素内两次曝光组合的宽动态范围CMOS图像传感器

提出了一种基于五管有源像素的宽动态范围CMOS图像传感器（CIS）,在像素内部的浮动节点处进行长曝光时间信号和短曝光时间信号的组合。通过优化像素操作,光电响应曲线得到了压缩,获得了宽动态范围图像。设计的CMOS图像传感器采用0.18μm CIS工艺进行了流片,测试结果表明在两次曝光时间分别为2.4ms和70ns,30帧每秒的帧频条件下,传感器的动态范围达到80dB,满足安防监视系统的应用需求。     

High dynamic range video reconstruction from a stereo camera setup

To overcome the dynamic range limitations in images taken with regular consumer cameras, several methods exist for creating high dynamic range (HDR) content. Current low-budget solutions apply a temporal exposure bracketing which is not applicable for dynamic scenes or HDR video. In this article, a framework is presented that utilizes two cameras to realize a spatial exposure bracketing, for which the different exposures are distributed among the cameras. Such a setup allows for HDR images of dynamic scenes and HDR video due to its frame by frame operating principle, but faces challenges in the stereo matching and HDR generation steps. Therefore, the modules in this framework are selected to alleviate these challenges and to properly handle under- and oversaturated regions. In comparison to existing work, the camera response calculation is shifted to an offline process and a masking with a saturation map before the actual HDR generation is proposed. The first aspect enables the use of more complex camera setups with different sensors and provides robust camera responses. The second one makes sure that only necessary pixel values are used from the additional camera view, and thus, reduces errors in the final HDR image. The resulting HDR images are compared with the quality metric HDR-VDP-2 and numerical results are given for the first time. For the Middlebury test images, an average gain of 52 points on a 0-100 mean opinion score is achieved in comparison to temporal exposure bracketing with camera motion. Finally, HDR video results are provided.     

A high dynamic range pixel using lateral overflow integration capacitor and adaptive feedback structure in CMOS image sensors

This letter proposes a novel high dynamic range(HDR) pixel using lateral overflow integration capacitor(LOFIC) and adaptive feedback structure. Through detailed analysis of the voltage feedback mechanism, the conversion gain(CG), full well capacity(FWC) and dynamic range(DR) performances of the feedback LOFIC pixel are analytically expressed. The verification results reveal that the equivalent FWC of the feedback LOFIC pixel is 1.89 times of conventional LOFIC pixel, and the DR extension is 5.5 ...     

改进自适应中值滤波的瓷砖图像降噪

瓷砖自动分类是机器视觉的一大应用,要求有较高的实时性和准确性。图像识别是关键,考虑到现场的实际情况,图像滤波很重要,既要去除噪声,又要保留图像细节。常用滤波方法破坏了图像细节,识别率低,文中在排序自适应中值滤波算法的基础上,引入了最小灰度差,避免将高频细节信号误判为噪声。实验结果对比表明,改进的自适应中值滤波算法在去除高密度噪声与保留细节上都有改善,较大地提高了瓷砖自动分类准确率。