海底混输管道停输和再启动瞬态流动规律研究

本文采用大型实验环道模拟和OLGA软件结合探索海底混输管道在停输和再启动过程中的瞬态流动规律.实验模拟表明气液同时停输过程中没有出现过减现象;在保持气量不变的情况下,将液量突然增加,会出现压力过增现象.OLGA软件模拟表明在停输过程中,管线沿线温度下降,可能出现水合物;再启动过程中,平台终端的液量波动幅度很大;停输过程中,整条海底管线的总持液量不断减小,但幅度不大,再启动过程中,总持液量急剧增大,之后又重新达到稳定.     

三维有序排列多孔介质对流换热的数值研究

利用CFD软件数值研究了颗粒三维有序堆积多孔介质的对流换热问题. 采用颗粒直径分别为14 mm,9.4 mm和7 mm的球形颗粒有序排列构成多孔介质骨架,在多孔骨架的上方有一恒热流密度的铜板. 采用流固耦合的方法研究了槽通道内温度分布和局部对流换热系数的分布以及对流换热的影响因素. 研究结果表明:热渗透的厚度和温度边界层的厚度在流动方向上逐渐增大,并且随流量的增加而减小;当骨架的导热系数比较高时,对流换热随颗粒直径的减小而略有增大;对流换热系数随聚丙烯酰胺溶液浓度的增大而减小,黏性耗散减弱了对流换热. 关键词： 多孔介质 温度场 局部对流换热系数 数值模拟     

含内热源可燃多孔介质热量传递及影响因素分析

本文模拟了自然对流及恒壁温边界条件下含内热源可燃填充床内最高温度随时间的变化;计算了侧面和端面取不同换热系数时填充床内的温度分布;分析了对流换热系数、堆积状态等对床内最高温度的影响。计算结果表明:各边界取不同换热系数时对最高温度的影响不大;在环境温度低于383．15 K,或壁面温度低于381．15 K的条件下,多孔床不会发生自燃。对流换热系数较大、堆积密度较小时多孔床也不易自燃。     

管外包覆多孔介质强化换热的数值研究

本文对管外包覆多孔介质的无限长圆管绕流的流场和温度场进行数值模拟,研究了多孔介质层的无量纲厚度ep,达西数D_a以及雷诺数Re对流动和强制对流换热特性的影响。研究结果表明,管外包覆多孔介质后的强制对流换热效果明显强于光管条件下的效果,换热增强了2.8~5.4倍;壁面平均努塞尔数Nu随e_p和Re的增大而增大,随Da的增大而减小;管壁处的流动阻力系数C_D随ep的增大而增大,随D_a的减小,先增大后减小,当Da小于1×10~(-5)时,阻力系数保持不变。     

液晶电视无风扇冷却的数值建模

本文使用Flotherm商业软件对无风扇冷却的超薄液晶电视进行了数值建模,通过与红外测试以及恒温恒湿箱测试的对比,验证了数值计算的可靠性,获得了对超薄液晶电视内部器件布置、通风口结构以及器件参数等热设计优化问题的有力工具.     

基于原油最高温度点变化规律分析停输相变传热

采用分区法数学模型,利用等价比热容法处理析蜡潜热问题,追踪停输相变过程中管道内原油最高温度点位置的变化轨迹,确定管道内原油最终凝固位置,提出管道内原油全凝的判断依据。基于最高温度点位置的变化规律将传热过程分为四个阶段,重点讨论了各阶段中自然对流、潜热释放、传热方式转化对最高温度位置点变化的影响,结合Ra数变化分析了自然对流换热影响从强到弱的变化过程。深入探讨了停输相变过程中管道内固相率的变化及不同位置处原油温降曲线的特点。     

竖直管道内湍流混合对流换热研究

本文对空气在竖直圆管中的湍流混合对流换热进行了实验研究和数值模拟,并对异种气体(氦气)对混合对流换热的影响进行了初步的实验研究。研究发现,空气在竖直圆管中向上流动时,随着热流密度的不断增大,出现换热恶化现象。如果浮升力足够大,则换热效果在降到最低点后又好转。在实验过程中,由于实验条件所限没有发现异种气体对混合对流换热有显著的影响。     

梭形百叶窗结构内传热强化数值分析

提出一种新型百叶窗结构—梭形百叶窗,它与一般的矩形百叶窗结构相比,流道从翅片中间截面到管连接处逐渐变宽,有较多流体冲刷管壁表面,增加管壁附近流体温度梯度,从而使传热增强。同时降低了流体流动阻力。具有较好的流动和传热性能。应用FLUENT软件对两种百叶窗结构下空气的流场、温度场和压力场进行了CFD研究,分析不同Re数对换热和流动性能的影响。     

普朗特数对槽内热磁耦合流动换热影响

针对矩形槽内导电流体普朗特数分别为 0.01、1、100 时,进行了流动形态和换热的数值模拟研究.数值结果表明:普朗特数对流动、温度分布影响不同,从而影响到对流换热的强弱,低普朗特数流体热浮升力作用大,流动以热驱动为主,换热强度弱,发现在低普朗特数下,数值模拟得出的努赛尔数并不能收敛到某一定值,而是在一个区间范围内"来回振荡";高普朗特数流体,电磁力作用大,流动以电磁力驱动对流作用,换热随着哈特曼数的增加而得到很大提高.     

微细多孔介质中对流换热研究

本文对空气、氦气和二氧化碳流过微细多孔介质内部的对流换热进行了实验研究和数值模拟。实验段为烧结多孔介质,颗粒的平均直径为40～225μm,通过单吹法的实验方法进行瞬态实验,得到了多孔介质内部对流换热系数。数值模拟了气体流过微细多孔结构内部的对流换热的非稳态过程,得到多孔介质内部对流换热系数。数值结果与实验结果基本一致,并与已有结果基本吻合。     

Evaluation of Heat Transfer Coefficient During Drying of Typical Municipal Solid Waste Matrices with Significant Shrinkage at Medium Temperature

High-moisture municipal solid waste leads to lower heat value, lower combustion efficiency, and frequent and serious erosion during incinerating. Municipal solid waste should be dried before being efficiently incinerated. The purpose of this work is to carry out experimental study and simulation on characteristics of moisture migration of municipal solid waste matrices at medium temperature (100°C–200°C) in a muffle furnace. Obvious shrinkage during moisture migration of biological waste matrices with high initial moisture content was observed. The results showed the initial moisture content and framework mobility of waste matrices and the rate of moisture migration influence on shrinkage; and linear relationships between shrinkage and moisture content ratio of waste matrices during the first falling-rate period at certain drying temperature were established. Certain experimental results of drying characteristics of moisture migration of biological waste matrices, such as potato slices and watermelon peels, under medium temperature were simulated using the shrinkage model with introducing a shrinkage term in the governing equations. The model was numerically solved by applying the finite-differences method. The results show good agreement with experiment data. The shrinkage of biological waste matrices can enhance surface heat transfer of matrices. Thus, shrinkage plays an important role in the drying behavior of high-moisture biological municipal solid waste matrices.     

考虑热传递时有温度反馈的缓发超临界过程分析

对输入小阶跃反应性（ρ0〈β）、有热传递和温度反馈时反应堆缓发超临界过程进行了研究。提出了一个新的物理模型,由数值计算求出任意初始功率条件下反应堆反应性、功率随时间的变化规律,并进行分析讨论,给出了一些有益的新结果。The delayed supercritical process of nuclear reactor with temperature feedback and heat transfer while inserting small step reactivity（ρ0〈β）is analyzed. A new model is proposed. For an initial power, the variations of output power and reactivity with time are obtained by numerical method. The results are analyzed and discussed. Some useful new conclusions are drawn.     

温度及围护通风对独头巷道氡浓度分布的影响

根据计算流体力学以及氡的物理性质,建立具有硐室的独头巷道内氡的三维稳态传输模型,采用Fluent软件求解控制方程,使用UDF实现巷道内壁氡的析出和氡的衰变,得到独头巷道内的风场结构及氡的浓度分布.研究发现:通风量一定时,温度对氡的浓度影响显著,巷道内温度越高,巷道各处氡浓度越高.整个巷道硐室氡浓度最大,相比于修建防氡围...     

粗糙热传导表面下激光介质温度场的计算分析

提出了一种计算温度场的面热源自适应调整算法,该方法通过在研究对象的封闭边界上引入虚拟面热源来求解稳态热传导方程的边值问题。建立了导热联结的具有粗糙表面介质的接触模型,在此基础上建立了随机分布的表面散热边界条件,并用面热源自适应调整算法计算了激光介质的温度场。结果表明,由于实际激光介质散热表面不能完全紧密接触,其温度场呈现一定程度的随机起伏,越靠近边界,随机起伏越明显,介质中心区域随机起伏则不明显;有效热接触面积越小,这种随机起伏越强烈。计算表明热接触面积占50%时,比接触面积占75%时温度场的随机性更明显。     

霜形成对翅片管换热器空气侧表面传热系数影响的实验研究

在空冷系统中,换热器空气侧的表面结霜问题是影响其应用和发展的主要问题。通过对结霜条件下翅片管换热器空气侧换热性能的实验研究,得出了空气湿度、翅片间距、风速等参数变化对空气侧当量表面传热系数的影响;结果表明在一定的范围内,结霜前期h0值随结霜时间τ急剧下降,在结霜后期,这些参数对h0值的影响大为削弱。     

Numerical Simulation Study on Flow Laws and Heat Transfer of Gas Hydrate in the Spiral Flow Pipeline with Long Twisted Band

The natural gas hydrate plugging problems in the mixed pipeline are becoming more and more serious. The hydrate plugging has gradually become an important problem to ensure the safety of pipeline operation. The deposition and heat transfer characteristics of natural gas hydrate particles in the spiral flow pipeline have been studied. The DPM model (discrete phase model) was used to simulate the motion of solid particles, which was used to simulate the complex spiral flow characteristics of hydrate in the pipeline with a long twisted band. The deposition and heat transfer characteristics of gas hydrate particles in the spiral flow pipeline were studied. The velocity distribution, pressure drop distribution, heat transfer characteristics, and particle settling characteristics in the pipeline were investigated. The numerical results showed that compared with the straight flow without a long twisted band, two obvious eddies are formed in the flow field with a long twisted band, and the velocities are maximum at the center of the vortices. Along the direction of the pipeline, the two vortices move toward the pipe wall from near the twisted band, which can effectively carry the hydrate particles deposited on the wall. With the same Reynolds number, the twisted rate was greater, the spiral strength was weaker, the tangential velocity was smaller, and the pressure drop was smaller. Therefore, the pressure loss can be reduced as much as possible with effect of the spiral flow. In a straight light flow, the Nusselt number is in a parabolic shape with the opening downwards. At the center of the pipe, the Nusselt number gradually decreased toward the pipe wall at the maximum, and at the near wall, the attenuation gradient of the Nu number was large. For spiral flow, the curve presented by the Nusselt number was a trough at the center of the pipe and a peak at 1/2 of the pipe diameter. With the reduction of twist rate, the Nusselt number becomes larger. Therefore, the spiral flow can make the temperature distribution more even and prevent the large temperature difference, resulting in the mass formation of hydrate particles in the pipeline wall. Spiral flow has a good carrying effect. Under the same condition, the spiral flow carried hydrate particles at a distance about 3–4 times farther than that of the straight flow.     

A molecular dynamics simulation on the convective heat transfer in nanochannels

The understanding of the flow and heat transfer processes for fluid through micro- and nanochannels becomes imperative due to its wide application in micro- and nano-fluidic devices. In this paper, the method to simulate the convective heat transfer process in molecular dynamics is improved based on a previous study. With this method, we simulate a warm dense fluid flowing through a cold parallel-plate nanochannel with constant wall temperature. The characteristics of the velocity and temperature fields are analysed. The temperature difference between the bulk average temperature of fluid and the wall temperature decreases in an exponential form along the flow direction. The Nusselt number for the laminar flow in parallel-plate nanochannel is smaller than its corresponding value at macroscale. It could be attributed to the temperature jump at the fluid–wall interface, which decreases the temperature gradient near the wall. The results also reveal that the heat transfer coefficient is related to the surface wettabilities, which differs from that in the macroscopic condition.