The Silk Textile Embedded in Silk Fibroin Composite: Preparation and Properties

Silk reinforced silk-fibroin-based composites were prepared by embedding of silk textile into regenerated silk fibroin(RSF)matrix. The breaking stress and breaking strain of the composites were found 37.7 MPa and 71.1% respectively at(95 ± 5)% RH.Morphological analysis was carried out to observe fracture behavior of the samples. The in vitro biodegradation test showed that the composite degraded slowly and lost 70% weight at the end of 168 h. Moreover, compared with RSF pure film, the composite kept strength and toughness much longer time. In conclusion, this composite has the potential for more accurate cytology research and biomedical tests in the future.     

“宠物毒粮”中的假冒蛋白质——三聚氰胺

详细介绍了三聚氰胺的结构、制备和性质;从各个角度分析了它的毒性,分析了它对人和动物的危害。     

Blue Rayon人造纤维对多环芳烃的富集作用

1　前　　言ＢｌｕｅＲａｙｏｎ是一种被酞青蓝所染色的人造纤维 ,被许多科学工作者用作多种媒体中微量物质富集的手段。本文主要考察ＢｌｕｅＲａｙｏｎ在大量有机烃类杂质存在的情况下对芘、苯并 (ａ)芘等多环芳烃的富集作用。2　实验部分2 1　气相色谱操作条件　色谱仪 :ＨＰ 5 890Ａ色谱仪 ;ＦＩＤ检测器 ;ＨＰ 5 890Ａ色谱仪 ;ＨＰ 5 971Ａ质谱检测器。色谱柱 :固定相 :ＰＴＥ 5 ,长度 :3 0ｍ ,液膜厚度 :0 .2 5 μｍ ,熔融硅毛细管柱 (Ｓｕｐｅｌｃｏ,Ｉｎｃ.)。柱温 :初始温度 :4 0℃ ;保持时间 :4ｍｉｎ ;升温速率 :8℃ ｍｉｎ;终…     

Reactivity of Dissolving Pulp for Processing Viscose

Summary : Pulp reactivity is a kinetic term and is always connected with a certain derivatization process. The quality and hence the market value of the pulp is determined by such characteristics as α- cellulose content, solubility, brightness, ash content, as well as the amount of soluble material in dichloromethane. However, solubility data, especially S₁₈ and S₁₀ values do not characterise dissolving pulp reactivity. These are indicative of pulp solubility and provide some information regarding losses of material during pulp processing. One way by which the pulp reactivity for viscose making can be characterised is the investigation of the mercerisation step. Following the mercerisation kinetics by help of the molecular weight distribution of cellulose II the behaviour especially of the high molecular weight cellulose gives information regarding the accessibility and therefore, about the reactivity of the pulp aside from losses in low molecular weight cellulose. This behaviour will be shown on different pulps and the physicochemical background will be discussed in relation to results obtained from wide angle X-ray scattering and Raman investigations. The influence of the behaviour of the pulp during mercerising on the viscose process, and the molecular weight distribution of the viscose including the distribution of the xanthogenate groups along the chain was investigated and will also be discussed.     

蚕丝蛋白的结构和功能

较为全面地综述了最近几十年国内外关于蚕丝蛋白的组成，结构，性能及其应用的研究和作者课题组十几年在蚕丝蛋白方面的工作。     

新型粘胶短纤维滤嘴的研制

为改善滤嘴对卷烟焦油的过滤效果,提高吸食品质,降低卷烟成本,本文选用粘胶短纤维作为卷烟过滤材料,开发了粘胶短纤维卷烟滤棒的成型工艺路线,制备了符合国家标准的新型卷烟滤棒。对不同规格纤维和成型工艺条件对滤棒性能的影响进行了较系统的研究。     

Silk Sericin Retards the Crystallization of Silk Fibroin

Summary: The thermal and structural analysis of silk fibroin (SF) and silk sericin (SS) blend films reveals that the crystallization of SF is retarded in the presence of SS. Although a phase separation was observed, there might be a strong interaction at the boundary of the SF and SS through intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which restricts the conformational transition of SF.

TEM image of the cross‐section of the SF/SS blend (75:25) film (magnification: ×15 000).     

吸湿发热型黏胶纤维的性能

通过盐酸肼交联羧甲基化黏胶纤维制得具有吸湿发热功能的黏胶纤维,讨论了纤维在吸湿发热量、断裂强度、热性能及微观结构等方面的特性.结果表明:当纤维中氮的质量分数为2%～4%,回潮率为25%～26%(相对湿度90%)时,纤维吸湿发热效果明显,发热量最高可达7.67J/g;交联使纤维的湿断裂强度明显提高,湿干强度比可提高16....     

基于动物丝蛋白的人工纺丝

动物丝,特别是蜘蛛丝近年来由于其优异的综合力学性能而备受关注。但是天然动物丝的应用由于种种原因而受到各种限制,因此人们期望通过人工纺丝获得性能与天然动物丝相近的人工丝纤维。本文就采用动物丝蛋白进行人工纺丝的历史和现状,从再生蜘蛛丝蛋白、重组蜘蛛丝蛋白和再生蚕丝蛋白等方面进行综述,比较了天然动物丝和人工丝纤维的力学性能,并且探讨了人工生物模拟纺丝制备高性能人工丝纤维(超级纤维)的前景。     

The Chemistry of Spider Toxins and Spider Silk

Spiders have a bad reputation because of their predacious and hidden way of life. Nevertheless, they developed a finely tuned system, based on the use of venom and silk, which enabled them to compete successfully in evolution. Only recently has the mystery of the chemistry of their silk and venom begun to unravel, although the first investigations were performed at the beginning of this century and in the fifties. The silk and toxins are made of proteins, but low molecular weight compounds are also present, too. Among these small molecules are compounds not known from any other natural source. For this reason the following article will focus on the structure and function of the low molecular weight components of the silk and the venom.     

基于动物丝蛋白的人工纺丝

动物丝,特别是蜘蛛丝近年来由于其优异的综合力学性能而备受关注。但是天然动物丝的应用由于种种原因而受到各种限制,因此人们期望通过人工纺丝获得性能与天然动物丝相近的人工丝纤维。本文就采用动物丝蛋白进行人工纺丝的历史和现状,从再生蜘蛛丝蛋白、重组蜘蛛丝蛋白和再生蚕丝蛋白等方面进行综述,比较了天然动物丝和人工丝纤维的力学性能,并且探讨了人工生物模拟纺丝制备高性能人工丝纤维（超级纤维）的前景。     

粘胶纤维的研制和新技术

本文概述了国内外粘胶纤维的研制、新产品、新工艺匆存在的间题,对超微细粘胶纤维的性能、用途和经济效益作了介绍。新溶剂NMMO纤维素纤维的研究和开发比粘胶纤维工艺大为简化,解决了环境污染的难题,提高了纤维物理性能,实现了粘胶法的根本性改革。     

Synthesis of Silicon Carbide Whiskers from Substituted Silicon Alkoxides and Rayon Fibres

Silicon carbide whiskers (SiC_W) were synthesized through sol-gel process by impregnating the rayon fibres with sols of methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PTEOS) and dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDEOS) and pyrolyzing the impregnated rayon fibres at 1400°C in argon atmosphere. The SiC_W synthesized through this method were needle like, straight and their aspect ratio was found to be greater than 100 except in the case where DMDEOS was used as silica source.     

锡的过往

锡存在于人类生活的各个角落,微量而不可或缺。本文以拟人的手法展现锡的发现史、典型性质、生活中的应用,以及微量锡在人体内的作用。     

桑蚕丝素蛋白的结构、形态及其化学改性

通过对桑蚕吐丝机构的描述,着重从高分子科学的角度介绍桑蚕丝和蚕丝素蛋白大分子的组成、形态及各种化学、物理性质,讨论了蚕丝素蛋白的纤维化机理,并简述了丝索蛋白纤维的化学接枝改性及其应用。