Focusing of dispersive phonons in GaAs

The ballistic propagation of highly dispersive phonons in GaAs in analyzed with both a bond-charge model (BCM) and a shell model, and compared to imaging experiments. When scattering is neglected, both models predict dispersive focusing pattern which depend strongly on the selected group velocities. In contrast, velocity-selected phonon images obtained with a PbBi tunnel-junction detector on a 0.7-mm thick crystal, display well-defined caustic lines whose angular positions do not shift at longer delay times. When isotope scattering is considered in the calculation, however, the shell model reproduces the experimental focusing structures remarkably well.For highly dispersive phonons, the bond-charge and shell models predict markedly different phonon-focusing patterns. In particular, a concentration of heat flux along [100] is predicted by BCM forv=1.7–2.0 THz slow-transverse (ST) phonons., but this effect is absent in the shell model. Both models predict new focusing structures in the fasttransverse (FT) mode at high frequencies. Our calculations which include isotope scattering indicate that to observe these new structures considerable technical advances are required in the phonon-imaging experiments.     

Real-time imaging using a 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and uncooled infrared microbolometer camera

Real-time imaging in the terahertz (THz) spectral range was achieved using a milliwatt-scale, 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and an uncooled, 160 x 120 pixel microbolometer camera modified with Picarin optics. Noise equivalent temperature difference of the camera in the 1-5 THz frequency range was estimated to be at least 3 K, confirming the need for external THz illumination when imaging in this frequency regime. Despite the appearance of fringe patterns produced by multiple diffraction effects, single-frame and extended video imaging of obscured objects show high-contrast differentiation between metallic and plastic materials, supporting the viability of this imaging approach for use in future security screening applications.     

基于Kramers-Kronig关系建立金属太赫兹色散模型

提出了一种基于测量反射率谱、使用Kramers-Kronig(KK)关系建立金属太赫兹色散模型的方法.结合合金铝和合金铜4—40 THz的测量反射率谱,通过反射系数振幅和相位的KK关系,采用高频端指数外推,低频端常数外推的方法,反演金属复折射率.以KK反演的复折射率作为实验值,以拟合复折射率和实验值误差最小为准则,使用遗传优化算法,拟合了合金铝和合金铜的Drude色散参数(等离子频率和碰撞频率).基于优化的Drude模型计算了0.1—40 THz材料的复折射率,与椭偏仪的实测结果符合,验证了模型的准确性.该方法理论与实验相互验证,以测量的复折射率作为实验定标,将远红外频段的色散信息拓展到太赫兹频域,确定了太赫兹频段金属的微观物理参数,提供了太赫兹频段色散和散射机理的研究依据.     

Frequency measurements of 3 to 11 THz laser lines of CH3OH

We measured the frequencies of 12 far-infrared laser lines generated in a high- frequency Fabry-Perot laser cavity containing methanol, pumped by a CO₂ laser. The frequencies are in the range 2.8 to 11.4 THz (105.4 to 26.2 µm). Ten of the measured frequencies are higher than 7 THz, and help to fill the laser frequency gaps in this region. Five of the measured lines are new. The 11.4 THz line has the highest frequency of an optically pumped laser ever measured with the CO₂ laser heterodyne technique.This work has been financed by the Brazilian Government - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and by the United States Government - NASA Grant W-18, 623.Contribution of NIST, not subject to U.S. Copyright.     

利用Far-IR和THz-TDS光谱法测定大米中西维因

利用太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）和傅里叶变换远红外光谱（FT-Far-IR）技术研究了大米中西维因在太赫兹频段的吸收光谱特征,并结合化学计量学方法对大米中西维因进行了测定。样品的制备采取待测农药西维因与大米粉末混合压片的方法模拟真实检测情景,无需样品的分离富集。分别将样品在1.8～6.3 THz特征波段内的Far-IR吸收光谱数据和在0.5～1.5 THz特征波段内的THz-TDS吸收光谱数据随机划分为训练集和验证集。采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）方法建立定量分析模型,将校正均方根误差（RMSECV）、预测均方根误差（RMSEP）、预测相关系数（R_v）作为模型性能评判的依据,RMSECV,RMSEP越小,R_v越大,则所建立的模型越好。两种检测技术均得到较好的结果。其中,运用Far-IR技术所得数据建立的定量分析模型预测相关系数(R_v)为0.99,校正均方根误差（RMSECV）为0.007 7, 预测均方根误差（RMSEP）为0.008 6; 运用THz-TDS技术所得数据建立的定量分析模型预测相关系数为0.98,校正均方根误差（RMSECV）为0.002 5、预测均方根误差（RMSEP）为0.004 4。该研究为定量检测粮食中的农残提供了一种新方法。     

KH_2PO_4晶体的太赫兹-紫外光谱

实验测量了室温下磷酸二氢钾KH2PO4(KDP)晶体0.2～1.6THz的时域光谱,以及50～4000cm-1范围内的远红外光谱,200～2000nm的紫外-可见-红外光谱。KDP晶体的禁带宽度是5.91eV。在测量范围内有一个很宽的声子吸收带。从0.2～205.5THz吸收系数在35～80cm-1,声子吸收的低频端小于0.2THz。最高的纵光学模声子的频率νLO大约是205.5THz,由此求出这支声子的H—O键的力常数为13.13N·cm-1。     

激光在大气中驱动的强太赫兹辐射的理论和实验研究

两束双色激光脉冲能在大气中产生MV/cm的强太赫兹波.本文主要介绍了我们最近的三项理论和实验工作,澄清了双色激光方案的物理机制这个长期存在的问题,并对该方案进行了推广.为了在气体中有效地产生太赫兹波,在广泛研究的双色激光方案中两束激光的频率比ω_2/ω_1总是被取为1:2.首先从理论上预测采用其他频率比时,此方案仍能有效地工作,并通过实验进行证实.实验上观察到在新的频率比ω_2/ω_1=1:4,2:3下,也能有效地产生太赫兹波;观察到通过旋转较长波长的激光脉冲的偏振方向,能够有效地调节太赫兹波的偏振,但是旋转波长较短的激光脉冲的偏振方向,太赫兹波的偏振几乎没有变化,这违背了多波混频理论中极化率张量对称性的要求;采用不同的频率比时,太赫兹能量定标率并没有显示出明显的区别,这与多波混频理论预测的能量定标率不符.这些实验结果与等离子体电流模型及粒子模拟结果符合得很好.因此,该研究不仅对双色激光方案进行了推广,而且证实了其物理机制应该归结为等离子体电流模型.     

Effect of spherical aberration and surface waves on propagation of lens-coupled terahertz pulses

Spatiotemporal measurements of a near-single-cycle terahertz pulse emitted from a photoconductive switch terahertz (THz) source show the effects of spherical aberration and surface waves on the pulse shape. The measured phase front has a swallow-tail shape described by catastrophe theory that contributes to the concentric ring structure of THz beam profiles. A time-of-flight model shows that the pulse shape is due to propagation along a cusp caustic and enhancement of the wings of the swallow-tail pulse is caused by surface waves.     

Experimental study on terahertz radiation

In this letter, we describe a coherent subpicosecond terahertz (THz) spectroscopy system based on nonresonant optical rectification for the generation of THz radiation. We studied the two-photon absorption (TPA) of ZnTe induced by femtosecond laser pulses via THz generation, and its influence on the generation of THz radiation. Experimental results demonstrated that the intensity of pump beam against TPA must be traded off to get an optimum generation of THz radiation. As an example, we measured absorption spectrum of water vapor by time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) in the frequency range from 0.5 to 2.5 THzwith a high overall accuracy.     

KDP晶体的太赫兹光谱研究

实验测量了室温下磷酸二氢钾（KDP）晶体0．2～1．6THz的时域光谱,以及50～4000cm叫范围内的远红外光谱,200～2000nm的紫外一可见一红外光谱。KDP晶体的禁带宽度是5．91eV,在测量范围内有一个很宽的声子吸收带,从0．2～205．5THz吸收系数在35～80cm-1,声子吸收的低频端小于0．2THz。最高的纵光学模声子的频率大约是205．5THz,由此求出这支声子的H—O键的力常数为13．13N·cm-1。     

Propagation of THz plasmon pulse on corrugated and flat metal surface

We report here experiments on surface plasmon excitation and propagation along corrugated and smooth aluminum surface in the terahertz frequency range. Narrowband plasmon excitation by a subpicosecond terahertz pulse is shown to be a transient process and plasmon propagation sufficiently changes its measured time profile. Plasmon propagation during its excitation and detection changes measured signal. We suggest to use parameters T (plasmon duration) and τ (plasmon lifetime) to describe the narrowband THz plasmon pulse. Plasmon duration and lifetime were defined and plasmon propagation lengths on smooth and corrugated surface were measured. Plasmon propagation length on flat surface turned out to be much smaller than it is predicted by the Drude model.     

Influence of Raman susceptibility on optical parametric amplification in optical fibers

The real part of the Raman susceptibility is shown to have a strong influence on the peak parametric gain of single-pump parametric amplifiers. This results in a 35% variation in the peak parametric gain over the frequency range 0-30 THz. We are able to experimentally demonstrate this effect in a photonic crystal fiber and obtain good agreement between the experimentally measured and theoretically predicted gains.     

宽频段太赫兹光谱技术的抗坏血酸和硫胺素研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),测量了L-抗坏血酸与硫胺素在0.10~3.50 THz的光谱特性。给出了两种维生素的分子模型,详细分析比较了抗坏血酸与硫胺素在两种方法测量下吸收光谱的异同。结果表明：利用太赫兹时域光谱和傅里叶红外光谱测得的特征吸收谱在0.70~3.00 THz完全吻合,而在较低频段0.30~0.50 THz,两种样品的傅里叶红外光谱展现了太赫兹时域光谱所没有的特征峰,同时硫胺素样品在8.00~12.00 THz范围内,8.75,8.85,9.00,9.30和10.30 THz出现指纹峰;研究了样品掺杂不同比例聚乙烯粉末时THz吸收光谱的差异,抗坏血酸对太赫兹吸收较弱,总结了两种维生素的折射率曲线与其吸收峰的对应关系;结果对抗坏血酸和硫胺素的分析识别以及维生素太赫兹光谱数据库的建立具有重要参考意义。     

Polarization modulation instability in photonic crystal fibers

Polarization modulation instability (PMI) in birefringent photonic crystal fibers has been observed in the normal dispersion regime with a frequency shift of 64 THz between the generated frequencies and the pump frequency. The generated sidebands are orthogonally polarized to the pump. From the observed PMI frequency shift and the measured dispersion, we determined the phase birefringence to be 5.3 x 10(-5) at a pump wavelength of 647.1 nm. This birefringence was used to estimate the PMI gain as a function of pump wavelength. Four-wave mixing experiments in both the normal and the anomalous dispersion regimes generated PMI frequency shifts that show good agreement with the predicted values over a 70 THz range. These results could lead to amplifiers and oscillators based on PMI.     

用短谐振腔结构优化THz电磁波参量振荡器的输出特性

以MgO：LiNbO₃为非线性光学介质，通过采用一种高性能腔反射镜实现了一种85mm短腔长的法布里-珀罗式的光学参量振荡器，产生THz电磁波的实验结果.这种短腔长THz参量振荡器比传统的160mm腔长的振荡阈值降低了22.3％；峰值能量提高了170％；频率调谐范围从0.5—2.4THz提高到0.8—3.1THz.还报道了一种基于平面金属丝网的法布里-珀罗干涉仪测量THz波线宽的实验结果. 关键词： THz电磁波 OPO 非线性光学 3')" href="#">LiNbO₃     

利用非锁定飞秒激光实现太赫兹频率的精密测量

频率是电磁波最重要的一个基本物理量,随着THz技术的发展,在光源研制、宽带通信、超精细光谱测量等领域都对THz频率的高精度侧量提出了要求.传统的Fabry-Perot干涉法与外差探测法难以实现THz频率的高精度测量,频率梳方法虽然测量精度很高,但测量系统复杂.本文提出一种利用重复频率自由漂移的飞秒激光器实现太赫兹频率精密测量的新方法.通过对非锁定的飞秒激光器的重复频率和THz拍频频率进行同时连续采集与计算,得到被测THz频率,测量精度可以达到10~(-10)量级无需对飞秒激光重复频率进行复杂的锁定控制,测量系统大大简化.     

基于频率选择表面的双层改进型互补结构太赫兹带通滤波器研究

通过仿真计算和实验研究了一种基于频率选择表面的双层改进型互补结构太赫兹带通滤波器.对四裂缝互补型电感电容式谐振单元结构进行了改进,可以在提高滤波性能的同时增加单晶石英介质衬底的厚度.利用电磁仿真技术设计并加工了中心频率为0.28 THz的带通滤波器,并利用太赫兹时域光谱仪测试了在0.1—0.6 THz范围内此滤波器的传输频谱特性,实验结果与仿真结果基本一致.结果表明,利用双层改进型互补结构可以设计出对于入射角度不敏感、带外抑制佳、边带陡峭度大、能有效抑制寄生谐振的宽带太赫兹带通滤波器,并降低了加工难度.     

氨基酸的太赫兹光谱温度相关性研究

采用可调温太赫兹时域光谱(TDS-THz)系统,测量了脂肪族L-天冬酰胺、L-半胱氨酸、L-丙氨酸和芳香族L-酪氨酸四种氨基酸在低温下的温度特性,实验中,分别在降温和升温过程中选取了以下温度节点：常温,250,200,150,100,70,40,10以及4.5 K等,观察样品对太赫兹吸收光谱的异同;结合傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对室温下上述四种氨基酸在低频段(0.5～2 THz)范围内的吸收峰进行了验证,同时采用拉曼光谱仪测试了高频段(3～6 THz)范围内的这四种氨基酸在常温下的拉曼强度,以此来验证了实验的准确性。结果表明：脂肪族和芳香族氨基酸太赫兹光谱对温度变化的响应存在差异,随着温度降低,两类氨基酸的吸收峰位置均发生蓝移现象, 同时部分氨基酸出现新的吸收峰,但是吸收峰线宽的变化略有不同。最后,采用量子化学Gaussian 09软件包,分别选取一种脂肪族氨基酸和一种芳香族氨基酸,通过密度泛函理论对其单分子和晶胞结构进行了计算,对比测试结果可以得出两种氨基酸的振动模式是由分子间作用力形成的。     

MgF2单晶的THz光谱研究

利用THz时域光谱技术对MgF₂晶体(样品1)和MgF₂：Co晶体(样品2)在0.5—2.5 THz的吸收特性进行了研究.在0.5—2.5 THz波段，样品1吸收系数α(ν)随频率ν增加而增大，最大值为24 cm^-1.样品2的吸收系数比样品1大得多，Co掺杂使晶格吸收带边向低频移动，而且样品2在1.9 THz有吸收峰，吸收系数达到70 cm^-1，由此求出F^--Co²⁺离子键伸缩振动的键力常数K为3.40×10^-2　N/cm.这一结果表明，THz光谱分析有可能成为研究晶体化学键的一种重要手段.利用光学常数之间的关系计算了两个样品在0.5—2.5 THz的介电函数的实部ε₁(ν)，得到样品1的ε₁(ν)值在4.67至4.73之间，样品2的ε₁(ν)值在4.62至5.01之间. 关键词： THz辐射 光谱 2晶体')" href="#">MgF₂晶体     

有机官能团的太赫兹光谱特征研究

采用傅里叶远红外光谱仪(FTIR),在室温条件下测量了多种饱和直链有机小分子的太赫兹光谱。测试结果显示,有机官能团的差异导致有机物的太赫兹光谱特征显著不同。其中,有机物的晶格振动吸收峰和分子间氢键的振动吸收峰分别位于太赫兹高频和低频波段。而且,饱和直链一元醇的—OH官能团产生的分子间氢键的特征峰位于57 cm-1,而三十烷酸的—COOH官能团产生的分子间氢键的特征峰则位于74 cm-1。分子间氢键使三十烷醇和三十烷酸对太赫兹辐射的吸收能力明显地强于三十烷烃。相比于三十烷醇,三十烷酸的太赫兹特征峰还发生有规律的红移和蓝移现象。此外,还采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)基组对饱和直链烷烃、烷醇和烷酸的太赫兹光谱进行了仿真计算,发现分子间氢键作用越强的有机物的单体分子的仿真结果与实测光谱的吻合程度越低。二聚体结构的仿真结果与实测光谱的吻合程度明显地高于单分子结构。研究结果对利用FTIR研究其他有机官能团的太赫兹光谱特征、探索有机分子内部的振动模式、探究有机物太赫兹响应的物理原理及器件应用等具有重要意义。