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1.
粘度法预测聚乙二醇/壳聚糖体系的相容性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
甲壳素在自然界的含量很大,仅次于纤维素,是一种颇具应用潜力的天然高分子.可由甲壳素经脱酸基化制得壳聚糖.由于其分子中存在氨基,因此能溶解干酸性水溶液中,并以聚电解质的形式存在,近来用壳聚糖制得的纤维膜应用于药物、食品等的分离和纯化、污水的处理,分离效果好,且不带入任何化学杂质.在壳聚糖纤维膜制作及与纤维的混纺过程中,都要探讨它与其它相应高聚物的相容性[1].我们以相容的壳聚糖(chitosan)/聚乙二醇(PEG)体系为例,采用粘度法讨论其分子间的相互作用,并预测它们的相容性.壳聚糖的基本结构为1实验部分1.1…  相似文献   

2.
<正> 近年来,有关高性能树脂聚酰亚胺共混物的研究日益引起人们的关注。已经发现许多种分子结构不同的聚酰亚胺之间,聚酰亚胺与聚苯并咪唑,或聚醚醚酮能形成完全相容的共混体系,从而扩大了高性能树脂聚酰亚胺的应用范围。 酚酞型聚醚醚酮(PEK-C)是由我所研究开发出的一种新型的聚醚醚酮类高性能树脂,它具有良好的可溶性,优异的机械强度和加工流动性,已广泛应用于结构材料及复合材料的制备。为进一步扩大该树脂的应用范围,本实验室在PEK-C共混物的研究做了大量的工作。本工作研究了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)/PEK-C共混体系的相容性。PEI和PEK-C的分子结构如下:  相似文献   

3.
高分子稀溶液粘度的浓度依赖性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
潘雁  程镕时 《高分子通报》2000,(2):10-17,26
综述了高分子稀溶液粘度浓度依赖性的物理起源问题。对原有理论的不足作了分析,并论述了新近出现的团簇理论对理解此问题所作出的贡献。  相似文献   

4.
稀溶液粘度法研究聚合物之间混溶性   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
介绍了几种粘度法判据,并对溶液中高分子-高分子,高分子-溶剂分子间的相互作用对混合物溶液粘度的影响进行了较为深入的讨论。  相似文献   

5.
依据最近提出的关于单分散高分子的稀溶液粘度的团簇理论,对多分散高分子的稀溶液粘度的浓度依赖性进行了更新的理论分析。最后得到一个新的多分散高分子的稀溶液粘度与浓度的关系式。实验研究表明,该关系式是与实验数据相一致的。  相似文献   

6.
潘雁  程镕时 《应用化学》1999,16(6):102-0
自缔合平衡常数;支化高分子稀溶液粘度的浓度依赖性  相似文献   

7.
范忠雷  刘大壮 《应用化学》2017,34(11):1273-1278
用稀溶液粘度法研究了氯化聚丙烯与石油树脂、丙烯酸树脂和醇酸树脂间的相容性,并用α判据对相容性结果进行判别。结果显示,石油树脂/氯化聚丙烯的共混体系是相容的;丙烯酸树脂/氯化聚丙烯的共混体系是不相容的。而醇酸树脂与氯化聚丙烯的相容性情况复杂,由二者的组成决定。当m(醇酸树脂)∶m(氯化聚丙烯)1∶1时,体系是相容的;当m(醇酸树脂)∶m(氯化聚丙烯)1∶1时,体系是不相容的。通过共溶剂法和涂膜宏观特性对上述体系的相容性进行测定,所得结果与α判据的结果相符合,印证了稀溶液粘度法研究溶液中高分子间的相互作用来预测涂料树脂的相容性具有一定可行性。  相似文献   

8.
关于高分子极稀溶液粘度测定问题的探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对聚苯乙烯(PS)/甲苯稀及极稀溶液的粘度用常规的乌氏粘度法进行了测定.发现高分子在毛细管壁上无稳固吸附.在极稀浓度区,粘数(ηsp/c)值波动较大,在时间测量精度不变的条件下,粘数测量误差与浓度成反比,以致ηsp/c-c曲线的线性及重现性变差,并推导出了粘数测量误差与浓度及时间测量误差间的关系式.在此基础上,讨论了确定浓度测量下限的原则及计算公式,认为常规的乌氏粘度测定方法对极稀溶液的应用值得商榷.  相似文献   

9.
研究对强电解质溶液粘度的影响因素,18种强电解溶液在不同温度和不同浓度下的粘度测定结果显示,强电解质溶液的粘度和离子强度、温度倒数分别成指数关系,符合经验公式:lnη=lna+b/T+kl,且粘度和电解质的电荷强度、离子半径等相关.  相似文献   

10.
液体粘度测试在食品和石油产品的生产质量控制方面具有十分重要的意义。从高分子稀溶液的粘度还可以估计高聚物的分子量和高分子结构的信息 [1]。玻璃毛细管粘度计 (乌氏和奥氏粘度计 )是传统测试液体粘度的手段 ,其结构简单、价廉 ,但分析时间长、结果精度不高、清洗粘度计操作较繁琐。用玻璃粘度计自动化测试 ,仍需人工操作的紧密配合。二醋酸纤维素片在生产工艺的控制中 ,必须严格控制其丙酮溶液的粘度 ,以控制木浆粕与醋酐反应的聚合度[2 ] 。以前一直采用玻璃毛细管法测试二醋酸纤维素片 6%丙酮浆液的粘度。美国 VISCOTEK公司产的…  相似文献   

11.
Based on a simple cluster theory recently proposed for the viscosity of polymer dilute solution, a new viscometrical criterion was suggested to probe the interaction between unlike polymers. The new criterion was applied into some polymer mixture solutions to study the polymer-polymer interactions. It was found the new criterion is more reasonable.  相似文献   

12.
聚甲醛与热塑性酚醛树脂相容性研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
考察了聚甲醛(POM)与热塑性酚醛树脂(Novolak)的相容性;浊点法研究结果表明,POM/Novolak共混物存在一个低位临界相转变温度.DSC测试表明,POM与Novolak共混后,共混物的熔点下降;通过DSC测试得到数据,采用Hoffman-Weeks平衡熔点外推法和Flory熔点下降方程推算出POM与Novolak的相互作用参数(χ)约为-0.032.FTIR研究表明,Novolak的羟基能够与POM的醚氧基形成氢键,导致共混物中Novolak的羟基峰向高频偏移.研究结果表明,POM与Novolak能够达到热力学相容.  相似文献   

13.
在聚 (丙烯腈-苯乙烯 ) [P(S-AN) ]中苯乙烯 (S)苯环的对位引入羟基基团获得聚 (丙烯腈 对羟基苯乙烯 ) [P(AN-VPh) ],P(AN-VPh)与聚碳酸酯(PC)体系及P(AN-VPh)与聚四甲基双酚-A碳酸酯 (TMPC)体系的相容性实验结果表明,由于对羟基苯乙烯 (VPh)的引入 ,使体系中同时存在“分子间特殊相互作用”和“分子内排斥性相互作用”两种效应 ,从而使体系的相容性获得改善 .P(AN-VPh)共聚物中AN的摩尔百分含量在 12.3%~49.5%范围内时 ,P(AN-VPh) PC共混物体系为热力学均相体系 ,采用TMPC替代PC与P(AN-VPh)共混时 ,共聚物中AN的摩尔百分含量在 0~58.9mol%范围内TMPC/P(AN-VPh)共混物体系为热力学相容体系 .通过Flory-Huggins平均场理论计算与拟合所获得的相容窗口相图与实验值较为吻合,同时获得相互作用参数χTMPC-VPh=- 0.19.  相似文献   

14.
    
The miscibility of polystyrene/brominated polystyrene blends (PS/PBrS) was investigated by using dilute-solution viscometry (DSV) method. The intrinsic viscosity and the viscometric parameters of this system have been determined at 20 ± 0.1 °C for prepared several PS/PBrS compositions (85/15, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 10/90). The binary systems were prepared in chloroform at five different concentrations; 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, 1.20 g 100 ml−1. The miscibility criteria on the basis of the sign of Δ[ηm, Δb and Δb′, which are based on the difference between experimental and ideal values of [η]m, and bm were calculated by applying the Garcia et al., Catsiff-Hewett and Krigbaum-Wall theoretical equations. The thermodynamic parameter, α, modified thermodynamic parameter, β, and interaction parameter, μ, were also estimated. The data obtained from the viscometry studies showed that the examined blends were immiscible in all the compositions range besides the composition (10/90). The results from the DSV method are correlated with the miscibility data obtained for the same blend by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) find.  相似文献   

15.
癸二酸-二苯并-18-冠-6共聚物在未络合时其溶液行为与通常聚合物无明显差异。无机盐加入后,金属离子在聚合物分子链上的分布改变着冠醚聚合物分子的空间构象,同时也影响聚合物的溶液粘度及其当量电导率。冠醚聚合物的溶液行为与小分子模型物有很大的不同。  相似文献   

16.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Careful measurements of the dilute solution viscosities of polyethylene glycol and polyvinylalcohol in water were carried out. The reduced viscosities of both polymer solutions plot upward curves atextremely dilute concentration levels similar to the phenomena observed for many polymer solutions in theearly 1950's. Upon observation of the changes of the flow times of pure water in and the wall surfacewettability of the viscometer after measuring solution viscosity, a view was formed that the observed viscosity abnormality at extremely dilute concentration regions is solely due to the effect of adsorption of polymer chains onto the wall surface of viscometer.A theory of adsorption effect based on the Langmuir isotherms was proposed and a mathematical analysis for data treatment was performed.The theory could adequately describe the existing viscosity data.It seems necessary to correct the viscosity result of dilute polymer solutions measured by glass capillary viscometer by taking into account the effect of adsorption in all cases.  相似文献   

17.
Densities of aqueous solutions of lithium 1-naphthylsulfonate (1-LiNSO)–lithium decylsulfonate (LiDeSO) and 2-LiNSO–LiDeSO mixtures were measured as a function of total molality and composition of the mixtures. The partial derivative of the solution with respect to the total molality was calculated for the monomer and micellar regions. It was found that the values of the partial derivative are larger for the 2-LiNSO–LiDeSO system than for the 1-LiNSO–LiDeSO system. This fact is attributable to the larger value of the partial molar volume of monomer of 2-LiNSO than that of 1-LiNSO. For the two systems, the micellar molar volume of the mixtures varied linearly with the composition from the partial molar volumes of 1- and 2-LiNSO in their single systems to the micellar molar volume in the single LiDeSO system. Miscibility of the solutes in the mixed micelles was examined by drawing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) vs composition diagrams. The diagrams for the 1- and 2-isomers coincided with each other and showed that molecules of 1- and 2-LiNSO are excluded from the micelles. The contribution of the micelle-unforming component to the volume of micelle formation is positive and large because of the exclusion from the micelles. On the other hand, the contribution of the micelle-forming component to the volume of micelle formation is unchanged. The dependence of the monomer molalities of LiNSO and LiDeSO on the total molality, evaluated by means of the CMC vs composition diagrams, substantiated the validity of the approximations used in the derivation of the equations in this study.  相似文献   

18.
The miscibility of styrene-hydrogenated butadiene copolymer (SHB) with different constituents of polymer additives for lubricating mineral oils was studied in dilute solution regime, using xylene as model solvent, at 30 °C, in a wide range of polymer blend compositions. The systems studied were SHB/poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (EPC), SHB/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), SHB/poly(dodecyl methacrylate) (PDDMA) and SHB/polystyrene (PS). The viscometric interaction parameters were calculated according to the Krigbaum–Wall and Catsiff–Hewett models of ideal viscometric behavior. Strong repulsive interactions were found in SHB/PMMA and SHB/PDDMA systems pointing to immiscibility. SHB/EPC and SHB/PS deviated much less from ideality. The results were compared to the theoretical estimation of interaction in polymer blends in the absence of solvent, using the Coleman–Graf–Painter approach. No correlation was observed between the interaction in the bulk and in solution.  相似文献   

19.
<正> The miscibility of poly (ethylene terephthalate (ET) -- caprolactone (CL) (TCL)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends were examined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter(DSC). In these blends, a miscibility limit specified by ET content in the TCL was found tobe about 70 (wt%). In the blends of TCL/TCL with different ET contents, a miscibilitywindow defined by ET content was also found to range from 82 to 58 (wt%). Based on theexperimental miscibility limits and the mean field binary interaction model, the interactionparameter between monomeric units of ET and CL was obtained.  相似文献   

20.
离分子混合物溶液在极稀浓度区的粘度异常行为   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
潘雁  程Rong时 《高分子学报》2000,35(4):518-520
上世纪50年代初人们就发现,高分子溶液的粘度在极稀浓度区往往表现出异常行为,即当浓度低于某一特定值后,比浓增比粘度浓度图偏离预计的线性关系,出现上弯或下弯的曲线.几十年来人们对此现象展开了大量研究,提出了一些互不协同的解释[1,2].最近,程时等[3,4]对该问题作了系统深入的研究,指出这种粘度异常是源于粘度测量中高分子溶液与毛细管内壁间的界面作用,并给出了消除界面作用干扰的理论改正公式.至此,单一高分子溶液粘度的异常问题得到了明确的解释.但是,关于高分子混合物在极稀浓度区的粘度行为的研究就比较稀少.80年代Dondos…  相似文献   

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