碳纳米管负载的Co-Mo催化剂的HDS性能研究

应用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)技术对等体积浸渍法制备的Co—Mo／CNT催化剂进行了表征，采用高压微反装置、以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物，对催化剂进行了HDS活性评价，XRD结果表明：260℃条件下处理催化剂，催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO3，表面物种高度分散；500℃焙烧处理的催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO2，同时在Co—Mo／CNT催化体系中出现了CoMoO3和Co2Mo3O03物种的强衍射峰，高温焙烧时催化剂活性组分在碳纳米管的表面容易聚集形成MoO2等晶体，TPR结果表明：在Co-Mo／CNT催化剂中，表面物种的还原温度低于Co—Mo／γ—Al2O3中物种的还原温度，活性评价表明：催化剂的TPR特性和加氢脱硫活性有很好的对应关系，Co—Mo／CNT具有很高的加氢脱硫选择性，并且活性明显高于Co—Mo／γ—Al2O3催化剂。     

Study of Dibenzothiophene Adsorption Over Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo HDS Catalysts

Adsorption properties of dibenzothiophene (DBT) on a CNT (carbon nanotube) support as well as on CoMoS/CNT and CoMoO/CNT catalysts have been studied. Consecutive desorption of adsorbates was measured by TGA. The commonly used carriers AC (activated carbon), γ-Al2O3, and their supported catalysts (CoMoO/AC, CoMoS/AC, CoMoO/γ-Al2O3, CoMoS/γ-Al2O3) were also subjected to analysis for comparison. The acidic properties of the samples were characterized using the NH3-TPD technique.Correlation between the adsorption of DBT and the acidic properties of the catalysts has been established.It was found that the Co-Mo catalysts in the sulfide state adsorbed much more DBT molecules than the corresponding Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state. The CoMoS/CNT catalyst exhibited very high HDS activity and selectivity, as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Based on the BET data and the high hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the CoMoS/CNT, it was deduced that more than 90% of the DBT molecules adsorbed on the CoMoS/CNT with an end-on mode, and the surface of the CoMoS/CNT catalyst was almost fully covered with DBT molecules. Although the AC support had very high surface area and high loading ability, the AC supported CoMoS catalyst showed lower HDS activity,as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.     

XPS Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

In this paper, the effect of catalytic support and sulfiding method on the chemical state of supported Co-Mo catalysts is studied by XPS. After sulfidation with in-situ method, the majority of molybdenum in CNT supported CoMo catalyst is transferred to a species with a formal chemical state Mo(Ⅳ) in MoS2 phase, and the rest to Mo(Ⅴ) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-. In case of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst sulfided with in-situ method, a fraction of molybdenum is transferred to formal state Mo(Ⅳ) in the form of MoS2, but there is still a mount of unreduced Mo(VI) phase which is difficult to be sulfided. In CoMo/CNT catalyric system sulfided with ex-situ method, Mo(IV) in the form of MoS2 is detected along with a portion of unreduced Mo(VI) phase, suggesting that not all the Mo phases are reduced and sulfided by ex-situ method. As for CoMo/γ-Al2O3, a portion of molybdenum is sulfided to intermediate reduced state Mo(V) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-, in addition, there is still a fraction of unreduced Mo(Ⅵ)phase. XPS analyses results suggest that CNT support facilitates the reduction and sulfidation of active species to a large extent, and that alumina support strongly interacts with active species, hereby producing a fraction of phase which resists complete sulfiding. Catalytic measurements of catalysts in the HDS of dibenzothiophene (DBT) show that CoMo/CNT catalysts are of higher HDS activity and selectivity than CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which is in good relation with the sulfiding behavior of the corresponding catalyst.     

FT-IR Study of Carbon Nanotube Supported Co-Mo Catalysts

In this paper, adsorption properties of dibenzothiophene (DBT) on carbon nanotube, carbonnanotube supported oxide state and sulfide state CoMo catalysts are studied by using thermal gravi-metric analysis (TGA) technique and FT-IR spectroscopy. Activated carbon support, 7-A1203 supportand supported CoMo catalysts are also subjected to studies for comparison. It was found that sulfidestate CoMoS/MWCNT, CoMoS/AC and CoMoS/γ-A12O3 catalysts adsorbed much more DBT moleculesthan their corresponding oxide state catalysts, as well as their corresponding supports. The chemicallyadsorbed DBT aromatic molecules did not undergo decomposition on the surface of supports, supportedoxide state CoMo catalysts and sulfide state CoMo catalysts when out-gassing at 373 K. FT-IR results indicated that DBT molecules mainly stand upright on the active sites (acid sites and/or transition active phases) of CoMoS/MWCNT catalyst. However, DBT aromatic molecules mainly lie flat on MWCNT and CoMoO/MWCNT.     

堇青石负载La-Mn-O复合氧化物催化剂的甲苯催化燃烧性能

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,以La2O3,Mn(NO3)2为基本原料,掺杂一些稀土等非贵重金属元素,采用浸渍法制备了系列负载La-Mn-O复合氧化物催化剂.考察了焙烧温度等对甲苯催化燃烧性能的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD,TPR表征.结果表明,800 ℃焙烧的LaMn/Cord催化剂具有较高的甲苯催化燃烧性能;Ce取代催化剂中部分La后能改善催化剂的氧化活性,当Ce∶La=1∶1(摩尔比)时催化性能最佳,在260 ℃的反应温度下甲苯转化率达到90%以上.     

Study of Carbon Nanotube Supported Co-Mo Selective Hydrodesulphurization Catalysts for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline

In this paper, carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts for selective hydrodesulphurization （HDS） of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied, using di-isobutylene, cyclohexene, 1-octene and thiophene as model compounds to simulate FCC gasoline. The results show that the Co-Mo/CNT has very high HDS activity and HDS/hydrogenation selectivity comparing with the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo/AC catalyst systems. The saturation ratio of cyclohexene was lower than 50%, and the saturation ratio of 1,3-di-isobutylene lower than 60% for the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts. Co/Mo atomic ratio was found to be one of the most important key factors in influencing the hydrogenation selectivity and HDS activity, and the most suitable Co/Mo atomic ratio was 0.4. Co/CNT and Mo/CNT mono-metallic catalysts showed lower HDS activity and selectivity than the Co-Mo/CNT bi-metallic catalysts.     

MCM-41分子筛负载钼钴系催化剂的噻吩HDS研究

通过氧吸附量、噻吩吸附热及反应速率常数的测定，研究了MoO3/MCM-41、MoO3-CoO(NiO)/MCM-41系列催化剂，发现，对于MoO3/MCM-41催化剂，当MoO3的质量分数（以MCM－41为底数，即MCM－41＝1g时，MoO3含量为0．15g，下同）从15％增加到20％时，其噻吩的加氢硫（HDS）活性增大，至25％时活性下降，所对应的氧吸附量（mL/g催化剂）也是先增大后减少，并且两者有很好的线性对应关系，而且噻吩吸附热则基本保持不变，采用不同的MoO3-CoO(NiO)浸渍顺序制备的MoO3-CoO(NiO)/MCM-41催化剂中，先浸渍CoO(NiO）再浸渍MoO3的催化剂，其噻吩HDS活性明显优于对其它浸渍顺序制备的催化剂，同时催化剂的氧吸附量和噻吩吸附热也最大。     

Production of Carbon Nanotubes on Different Metal Supported Catalysts

Multiwall carbon nanotubes have been prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method in high yield using various metals supported on different supports. Measurements by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of high quality nanotubes on each catalyst, however, comparing the different catalysts in nanotube production it can be stated that beyond metals, the support also affects both the quality and the quantity of nanotubes.     

加氢脱硫催化剂各组分的相互作用与催化性能

石油化工生产中广泛使用的加氢脱硫催化剂往往是以v－A120。作为载体,Moo或WOs为主要活性组分,少量Nio或Coo为助剂的多组分负载型催化剂．由于它在生产中所起的重要作用,此类催化剂的研究一直受到科学工作者的关注．本文分别考察了几种不同组分的催化剂,研究了催化剂组分间的相互作用对活性组分的分散状态、还原性能以及加氢脱硫活性的影响,旨在为进一步改进催化剂的性能提供有益的信息．且实验部分Ni－MO体系催化剂样品是以银酸钦和硝酸镍及v－AI。0。为原料,采用浸渍方法制备．C。M。／AJ。0。和W－Ni／AJ。0。分别用硝酸钻…     

How a Zigzag Carbon Nanotube Grows

Owing to the unique structure of zigzag (ZZ) carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their ring‐by‐ring growth behavior is different from that of chiral or armchair (AC) CNTs, on the rims of which kinks serve as active sites for carbon attachment. Through first‐principle calculations, we found that, because of the high energy barrier of initiating a new carbon ring at the rim of a ZZ CNT, the growth rate of a ZZ CNT is proportional to its diameter and significantly (10–1000 times) slower than that of other CNTs. This study successfully explained the broad experimental observation of the lacking of ZZ CNTs in CNT samples and completed the theory of CNT growth.     

Electroreduction of Oxygen and Electrooxidation of Methanol at Carbon and Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Supported Platinum Electrodes

The present research aimed at investigating the electrocatalytic properties and the electrochemical deposition of Pt nanoparticles on carbon powder, carbon nanotube and preparation of carbon and single wall carbon nanotube supported platinum electrodes. The Pt nanoparticles were synthesized by electroreduction of hexachloroplatinic acid in aqueous solution at ?200 mV. Electrocatalytic properties of the modified electrodes for oxygen reduction were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in O₂ saturated solution containing 0.1 M HClO₄. Methanol electrooxidation at the modified surfaces in 0.5 M HCLO₄ was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The corresponding results showed that the Pt/SWCNT/GC electrode exhibits more improved catalytical activity than the Pt/C/GC electrode.     

Support effects on the chemical property and catalytic activity of Co-Mo HDS catalyst in sulfur recovery

Effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and alumina (γ-Al2O3) supports on the catalytic activities of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process over CoMo catalyst have been studied. XRD results indicated that the main active phases in CNT and γ-Al2O3 supported Co-Mo catalysts are MoO2 and MoO3, respectively. The TPR results reveal that the reduction peak temperatures of the active species on CNT supported Co-Mo catalyst is lower than those on alumina supported Co-Mo catalyst, indicating that the CNT supports favor the r...     

Growth Mechanism of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays

Vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays grown on quartz substrate are obtained by co-pyrolysis of xylene and ferrocene at 850 oC in a tube furnace. Raman spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements show that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are only present on top of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays. It has been revealed that isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes are only present in those floating catalyst generated materials. It thus suggests that the single-walled carbon nanotubes here are also generated by floating catalyst. Vertically alignedcarbon nanotube arrays on the quartz substrate have shown good orientation and good graphitization. Meanwhile, to investigate the growth mechanism, two bi-layers carbon nan-otube films with di erent thickness have been synthesized and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the two-layer vertically aligned carbon nanotube films grow “bottom-up”. There are distinguished Raman scattering signals for the second layer itself, surface of the first layer, interface between the first and second layer, side wall and bottom surface. It indicates that the obtained carbon nanotubes follow the base-growth mechanism, and the single-walled carbon nanotubes grow from their base at the growth beginning when iron catalyst particles have small size. Those carbon nanotubes with few walls (typically <5 walls) have similar properties, which also agree with the base-growth mechanism.     

Prediction of the Frontier Electronic States in a Finite Single-wall Carbon Nanotube

A theoretical model is summarized into the shorter vector principle. It is used to predict the topological structure of wave function and the oscillation rule of energy gap in various types of finite carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The theoretical model indicates that the characteristics of the electronic states only depend on the nanotube size and its symmetry along the shorter vector direction. In this direction, the wave functions of the original 3m (or 3m/2) periodicity are also suitable for armchair, chiral and zigzag finite CNTs with the C2 (Cs), C1 and Cn point groups, respectively. Energy gaps present the oscillation with 3m (or 3m/2) or odd-even n. The first principle calculations for some prototype systems are performed. The results are consistent with the theoretical model.     

改性碳纳米管气体传感器

碳纳米管气体传感器具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、尺寸小和能在室温下工作等诸多优点,是一种很有前景的气体传感器.然而本征碳纳米管气体传感器只对少数几种气体如NH3、O2、NO2和SO2敏感,检测范围有限;而且这类传感器的检测灵敏度和选择性也有待提高.研究表明对碳纳米管进行改性可以克服这些缺陷.目前已有的改性方法主要包括对碳纳米管表面有机修饰、对碳纳米管掺入无机杂原子以及径向力学变形等.本文对改性碳纳米管气体传感器研究的最新进展进行了综述,分析了上述改性方法在扩大碳纳米管气体传感器的检测范围、提高检测灵敏度和选择性方面的优势和不足,并对其研究前景进行了展望.     

钾修饰的moo3/sio2催化剂的xrd和tpr表征

moo3/k2o/sio2催化剂;xrd;tpr;高硫合成气;甲硫醇     

Pt对Mo基催化剂还原-硫化过程的影响

采用脉冲硫化、连续硫化、程序升温还原、程序升温及程序降温电导及X射线衍射等方法研究了贵金属Pt对MoO3催化剂还原-流化过程的影响及Pt对MOS2配位不饱和活性中心形成的影响．结果表明，Pt担载或在MoO3上可以促进MoO3的还原-硫化，使MoO3的还原-硫化温度大大降低Pt担载在MoSw上可促进MoS2的部分还原形成配位不饱和的钼中心     

MoO＿3／（TiO＿2－SiO＿2）催化剂的表面分散状态及催化性能的研究

用气相流动吸附法（ｇｒａｆｔｉｎｇ）制备复合载体，用浸渍法（ｉｍｐｒｅｇｎａｔｉｏｎ）制备ＭｏＯ３／（ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２）催化剂．应用ＬＲＳ和ＴＰＲ技术研究ＭｏＯ３在复合载体ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２表面的分散状态，发现ＴｉＯ２在ＳｉＯ２表面的分散可增强ＭｏＯ３与载体之间的相互作用，提高ＭｏＯ３在载体表面的分散阈值．催化剂的活性评价在固定床中压反应装置中进行，以６９％（ｗｔ）环己烷、２０％（ｗｔ）的环己烯、１０％（ｗｔ）的苯、１％（ｗｔ）的噻吩混合液为反应液，以噻吩、环己烯和苯的转化率作为催化剂的ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ、ＢＨＤ活性指标．结果表明，经ＴｉＯ２调变后，其ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ、ＢＨＤ活性都较原来高，对于不同ＭｏＯ３含量的ＭｏＯ３／（ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２），ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ催化性能测试发现，当ＭｏＯ３含量低于分散阈值时，其ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ活性随ＭｏＯ３含量线性上升，但在高于分散阈值后，几乎保持不变．该催化剂对苯几乎没有加氢活性，显示出很高的环己烯加氢选择性．通过分散阈值与其ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ活性的关系可知，分散阈值可作为优化加氢精制催化剂配比的一个重要参数，具有较强的实际意义     

纳米碳管负载Co催化生长纳米碳管

In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) used as support and cobalt as catalyst to prepare new CNTs was studied. CNTs could grow well if the precursor CNTs were supported with Co on its surface. On the contrary, CNTs couldn’t grow at all if the precursor CNTs were not supported with Co. The TEM images showed that diameters of the obtained CNTs were different from those of the precursor CNTs. The pure CNTs could be prepared in this method without further purifying. The amount of Co on the precursor CNTs could affect the growth of CNTs greatly. When the content of metal on precursor CNTs was less than 16.2%, the amount of the obtained CNTs increased with the increasing amount of Co, and the maximum growth amount of 625% of CNTs could be obtained. But if the content of metal was more than 16.2%, the amount of Co had no influence on the growth of CNTs.     

碳纳米管负载纳米Fe2O3的研究

本文研究了用液相化学沉积法制备的碳纳米管负载Fe₂O₃。首先用浓HCl、浓HNO₃和浓HNO₃ / H₂SO₄(混酸)三种酸对碳纳米管进行改性处理，对样品进行了TEM形貌观察和FTIR光谱分析，FTIR分析表明浓HCl处理后不能在碳纳米管表面引入官能团，而浓HNO₃能在碳纳米管表面引入-OH和-C=O，浓HNOO₃ / H₂SO₄能在碳纳米管表面引入大量的-OH、-C=O、COOH。制备了以上三种碳纳米管分别负载Fe₂O₃。TEM分析表明，负载效果：混酸>浓HNO₃>浓HCl。经混酸处理后的碳纳米管所负载的Fe₂O₃的XRD分析，表明所负载的是α-Fe₂O₃。机理分析表明碳纳米管上的含氧基团能增强其在水溶液中的分散性，同时能增强其对Fe³⁺吸附和离子交换能力，使吸附在碳纳米管表面的Fe³⁺成为结晶成核中心，调节溶液pH值后，使Fe₂O₃沉积在碳纳米管表面。