杰出的长寿化学家──舍夫勒尔

法国伟大的化学家米歇尔·欧仁·舍夫勒尔(Michel Eugene Chevreul)1786年8月31日生于曼思一卢瓦尔省昂热。     

比凯库勒更早发表苯结构的化学家──约翰·约瑟夫·洛希米特小传

比凯库勒更早发表苯结构的化学家──约翰·约瑟夫·洛希米特小传苏敏（重庆大学化工学院６３００４４）１９世纪中期，最使化学家困惑的问题之一便是苯及其衍生物的结构。现在你若随便问哪一个化学家：是谁第一个提出苯的正确结构？得到的回答几乎是一个：奥古斯特·凯库...     

大环聚醚化学——化学的新领域——1987年诺贝尔化学奖获得者介绍

举世瞩目的1987年诺贝尔化学奖被授予两位美国化学家唐纳德·J·克拉姆、查尔斯·J·彼德森和一位法国化学家让-玛利·莱恩。这三位科学家“相互发展了对方的经验”,在实现人们长期寻求的合成与天然蛋白质功能一样的有机化合物这一目标方面取得了     

化学研究与应用 1993年总目录

评论与综述化学家怎样创制新药·……烯烃氢甲酞化反应研究进展配合物光化学回顾与展望一祛法运(1.3)李贤均(1.14)朱龙根(2.3)周宗华(2 .8)胡文浩(3 .1)田安民(3.12)秦圣英(4 .1)喇︸︸碱﹃︸哪︸︸︸..............................……陈华刘海超聚硅烷一一类崭新的非线性光学材料手性催化剂与不对称有反应······……热动力学重建及其应用···········……ECTA二醉及其衍生物·······..·……刘劲松 研究论文5一(L一盖氧基)一2(5一H)一吠喃酮与硝酮体系环加成反应的理论研究……几种分子间拚键络合物体系的振动…     

新世纪的第一个诺贝尔化学奖

瑞典皇家科学院在 1 0月 1 0日宣布 ,本世纪的第一个 (2 0 0 1年度 )诺贝尔化学奖授予不对称催化合成的三位先驱化学家 :美国孟山都生物技术公司的威廉·Ｓ·诺尔斯 (ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＳ .Ｋｎｏｗｌｅｓ)博士 (84岁 ,已在 1 987年退休 ) ,日本名古屋大学的野依良治教授 (6 3岁 )和美国ＴｈｅＳｃｒｉｐｐｓ研究所 (ＴＳＲＩ)的Ｋ·巴里·夏普莱斯 (Ｋ .ＢａｒｒｙＳｈａｒｐｌｅｓｓ)教授 (6 0岁 )。他们的研究成果使化学家们能够有效地操纵化学反应 ,使之只生成两种可能的“孪生”对映体产物中的一种。奖金的一半用于奖励夏普莱斯教授在手性…     

化学教育1985年1-6期总目录

庆祝教师节贡献着自己的人—记华东模范中学吕大道老师”…(4一1)遵循学生认识规律,探索化学教改途径“··“…王绍宗(4一2)祝贺与敬告...”...·“·“·”·..·”·”...……本刊编辑部(4一62)辛曲桥耘六+载—记著名化学家、教育家程有庆教授“.~张绳祖执笔(2一1)论迷从全国青年化学竞赛谈谈申学化学教学中的一些问题”....................·..·.……“·…中国化学会科普委员会(1一1)也论电子为什么不坠落到原子核上?”·“一~肖和国(卜的在化学教学中加强思想政治教育,适应“三个面向””........·……”一“.“.......“·”·”…     

查尔斯·马丁·霍尔和铝冶金的大变革

查尔斯·马丁·霍尔和铝冶金的大变革呼延思成编译（西北大学化学系西安７１００６９）铝在１８２５年由丹麦人厄斯泰德首次分离出。两年后，德国化学家维勒提出更好的制备方法。两人都是用金属钾作用于氯化铝来分离铝。１８５４年法国化学家德维尔用钠代替钾作为还原剂，...     

加速伤口愈合

用含锌药物炉甘石医治外伤始于三千多年前的埃及,后来,又制成了多种含锌外用药物。１９５１年,美国生物化学家威廉·Ｊ·斯特兰和沃尔特·Ｊ·波里斯通过动物实验发现,用大剂量氨基酸饲喂有实验伤口的大鼠后,加速了伤口愈合;后来,他们仍然用与上面种类相同的但来源...     

近代化学元素学说的奠立——纪念拉瓦锡《化学纲要》出版二百周年

法国杰出化学家安东尼·罗朗·拉瓦锡(AntoineLaurent Lavoisier,1743—1794)的划时代名著《化学纲要》(Traite Elementaire de Chimie)于1789年出版,到今年整整二百周年。这部辉煌的著作为使化学确立为一门真正的独立学科奠定了基础,它对化学的贡献完全可以和牛顿的《自然哲学的数学原理》对物理     

高分子通讯第3卷总目录

生.专偏 中国化学家对于高分子化学的直献··”···”·····“·”·”·”·············”·“······,·一川·徐家舞徐立木(1,l) 高分子化合物镇域中的成就,·..·“·,.·”······“·”··········”·”·········”·”····“····”·”·…B.B.KoP二aK(!,1功 烷基硼—不鲍和化合物聚合反应的催化剂·····”·”····..················……”一r .C.勒肚cH二oB(l碑0) 合成杂缝聚酚胺方面的成就··“...···“···“····”·····…     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。