金纳米管力学性能的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法, 研究了金纳米管沿不同晶向拉伸与压缩载荷下的力学性能, 并分析了金纳米管的半径对其力学行为的影响. 在模拟计算中, 采用镶嵌原子势描述金原子之间的相互作用. 模拟结果表明, 在拉伸及压缩过程中, 不同晶向的金纳米管力学性能相差较大, 在拉伸和压缩载荷下金纳米管<110>向的屈服强度最大; 在三个晶向<100>, <110>, <111>的金纳米管中, <100>晶向的金纳米管其屈服强度和杨氏模量都远远小于其他晶向. 研究结果还发现, 当纳米管的半径小于3.0 nm时, 金纳米管的屈服强度没有大的变化, 而当半径大于3.0 nm后, 随着半径的增大, 其屈服强度明显降低. 关键词： 分子动力学模拟 金纳米管 力学性能     

单空位缺陷对载能氢原子与石墨层间碰撞的能量交换的影响的分子动力学研究

本文采用分子动力学方法研究空位缺陷对石墨层中碳氢粒子碰撞的影响.将氢原子以不同能量分别向单空位缺陷边缘的两个碳原子轰击,分析了入射氢原子的能量损失、发生吸附反应的能量范围和靶原子的能量传递过程.研究发现,单空位缺陷边缘的碳氢粒子更易发生吸附反应;在碳氢粒子正碰过程中,氢原子随入射能量变化出现了双反射区域;碳氢粒子在空位缺陷边缘吸附后,形成了高结合能的sp²结构,并出现悬挂键,其临近的碳碳键能未降低;单空位缺陷边缘的碳原子吸附氢原子能量的能力强而传递能量的能力弱.这些结果对理解聚变反应 关键词： 面向等离子体材料 分子动力学方法 单空位缺陷     

Molecular dynamics simulation study on mechanical responses of nanoindented monolayer-graphene-nanoribbon

We investigated the mechanical responses of the nanoindented graphene-nanoribbon (GNR)-resonator using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The nanoindented force in this work was applied to the GNR's local point and then, GNR-resonator's frequency could be tuned by a nanoindented depth. We found the hardening or the softening of the GNR during its nanoindented-deflections, and such properties were recognized by the shift of the resonance frequency. The linear elastic regime in low applied force is explicitly separated with the non-linear elastic regime in high applied force. In particular, at the threshold point, a very small change of the nanoindented depth can cause great change in the resonance frequency, and this property can enable the GNR to be applied to electromechanical relay switching devices and the quantum-computer in quantum-mechanical coupling as well as mass detectors, pressure sensors, accelerometers, and alarms.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of mechanical properties of nanocrystalline platinum: Grain-size and temperature effects

A series of molecular dynamics simulations has been carried out to study the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline platinum. The effects of average grain size and temperature on mechanical behaviors are discussed. The simulated uniaxial tensile results indicate the presence of a critical average grain size about 14.1 nm, for which there is an inversion of the conventional Hall-Petch relation at temperature of 300 K. The transition can be explained by a change of dominant deformation mechanism from dislocation motion for average grain size above 14.1 nm to grain boundary sliding for smaller grain size. The Young's modulus shows a linear relationship with the reciprocal of grain size, and the modulus of the grain boundary is about 42% of that of the grain core at 300 K. The parameters of mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, ultimate strength, yield stress and flow stress, decrease with the increase of temperature. It is noteworthy that the critical average grain size for the inversion of the Hall-Petch relation is sensitive to temperature and the Young's modulus has an approximate linear relation with the temperature. The results will accelerate its functional applications of nanocrystalline materials.     

Study of mechanical properties of amorphous copper with molecular dynamics simulation

The formation and mechanical properties of amorphous copper are studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The simulations of tension and shearing show that more pronounced plasticity is found under shearing, compared to tension. Apparent strain hardening and strain rate effect are observed. Interestingly, the variations of number density of atoms during deformation indicate free volume creation, especially under higher strain rate. In particular, it is found that shear induced dilatation does appear in the amorphous metal.     

Study of mechanical properties of amorphous copper with molecular dynamics simulation

The formation and mechanical properties of amorphous copper are studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The simulations of tension and shearing show that more pronounced plasticity is found under shearing, compared to tension. Apparent strain hardening and strain rate effect are observed. Interestingly, the variations of number density of atoms during deformation indicate free volume creation, especially under higher strain rate. In particular, it is found that shear induced dilatation does appear in the amorphous metal.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of thermodynamic properties of YAG

In this paper we study the thermodynamic properties of Y分子动力学;热力学;扩散;热学YAG, diffusion, elastic constant, molecular dynamicsProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No~10744002).2/2/2007 12:00:00 AMIn this paper we study the thermodynamic properties of Y3Al5O12 （YAG） by using molecular dynamic method combined with two- and three-body potentials. The dependences of melting process, elastic constant and diffusion coefficient on temperature of crystal YAG are simulated and compared with the experimental results. Our results show that anion O has the biggest self-diffusivity and cation Y has the smallest self-diffusivity in a crystal YAG. The calculated diffusion activation energies of ions O, Al and Y are 282.55, 439.46, 469.71kJ/mol, respectively. Comparing with experimental creep activation energy of YAG confirms that cation Y can restrict the diffusional creep rate of crystal YAG.     

FeCrNiCoCu纳米压痕性能的分子动力学研究

纳米压痕是研究金属特性最广泛的方法之一.因此,本文采用分子动力学方法研究了晶粒数、压痕半径和压痕速度对FeCrNiCoCu压痕性能的影响.结果表明,晶粒数从4增加到16,杨氏模量和硬度值逐渐减小,呈现反Hall-Petch现象;随着压头半径的增加,杨氏模量增大,硬度受接触面积的影响较大而减小,较大的压头半径有利于模型内部位错的产生和扩展;压入速度对杨氏模量和硬度的影响微弱,压入速度越快,位错密度越低,位错传播速度越慢.本工作以期为FeCrNiCoCu的研究提供理论指导.     

聚酰亚胺/功能化石墨烯复合材料力学性能及玻璃化转变温度的分子动力学模拟

应用分子模拟方法,建立了聚酰亚胺(polyimide,PI),石墨烯及羧基、氨基、羟基功能化石墨烯模型,探究了聚酰亚胺和石墨烯,聚酰亚胺和功能化石墨烯共混后复合材料的力学性能和玻璃化转变温度(T_g).研究结果表明,羧基修饰的石墨烯与PI复合后材料力学性能增加显著,其杨氏模量和剪切模量分别为4.946 GPa和1.816 GPa.不同官能团修饰的石墨烯引入PI后材料的T_g均有不同程度下降;未修饰的石墨烯与PI复合后,其T_g(559.30 K)较纯PI的T_g(663.57 K)降幅最大;而羧基修饰的石墨烯与PI复合后T_g(601.61 K)降幅最小.计算比较了PI/石墨烯复合材料体系密度、溶解度参数、相互作用能、弹性系数和氢键平均密度,研究发现羧基修饰石墨烯/PI复合材料的密度为1.396 g·cm~(-3),溶解度参数为23.51 J~(1/2)·cm~(-3/2),其相互作用能与氢键平均密度最大,弹性系数显示羧基修饰石墨烯与PI组成的复合材料内部最均匀.计算结果表明,羧基功能化石墨烯可以大幅度提高PI的力学性能,增强石墨烯与PI之间的相互作用可以减少复合材料T_g的降幅程度.此基体间相互作用的研究方法可以作为预测聚合物基纳米复合材料结构与性能的有效工具,以期为材料的设计与应用提供理论指导.     

空位缺陷对单层硅烯薄膜力学性能的影响

采用基于分子动力学理论的Forcite模拟软件包对含不同浓度的单、双空位缺陷硅烯薄膜的超晶胞体系进行优化,并对其力学性能进行了计算和分析.结果表明:随着空位缺陷浓度的增加,硅烯薄膜的拉梅常数、泊松比、体弹模量和剪切模量呈线性递减趋势,而由于空位缺陷附近键长的缩减导致硅烯薄膜"硬化"与空位缺陷浓度的增加导致硅烯晶格中硅原子密度降低,两种体制的竞争使得硅烯杨氏模量表现出先升高在降低的趋势.     

Magnetic properties of Ni doped gallium nitride with vacancy induced defect

Investigations have been carried out to study the ferromagnetic properties of transition metal (TM) doped wurtzite GaN from first principle calculations using tight binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TBLMTO) method within the density functional theory. The present calculation reveals ferromagnetism in nickel doped GaN with a magnetic moment of 1.13 μ_B for 6.25% of Ni doping and 1.32 μ_B for 12.5% of nickel doping, there is a decrease of magnetic moment when two Ni atoms are bonded via nitrogen atom. The Ga vacancy (V_Ga) induced defect shows ferromagnetic state. Here the magnetic moment arises due to the tetrahedral bonding of three N atoms with the vacancy which is at a distance of 3.689 Å and the other N atom which is at a distance of 3.678 Å .On the other hand the defect induced by N vacancy (V_N) has no effect on magnetic moment and the system shows metallic character. When Ni is introduced into a Ga vacancy (V_Ga) site, charge transfer occur from the Ni ‘d’ like band to acceptor level of V_Ga and formed a strong Ni–N bond. In this Ni–V_Ga complex with an Ni ion and a Ga defect, the magnetic moment due to N atom is 0.299 μ_B .In case of Ni substitution in Ga site with N vacancy, the system is ferromagnetic with a magnetic moment of 1 μ_B.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of thermodynamical properties of copper clusters

The melting and freezing processes of Cu_N (N=180, 256, 360, 408, 500, 628 and 736) nanoclusters are simulated by using micro-canonical molecular dynamics simulation technique. The potential energies and the heat capacities as a function of temperature are obtained. The results reveal that the melting and freezing points increase almost linearly with the atom number in the cluster increasing. All copper nanoclusters have negative heat capacity around the melting and freezing points, and hysteresis effect in the melting/freezing transition is derived in Cu_N nanoclusters for the first time.     

石墨烯弛豫性能的分子动力学模拟

分别采用REBO势和AIREBO势对单层和多层石墨烯的弛豫性能进行了分子动力学模拟,模拟了石墨烯在弛豫过程中的动态平衡演化过程.模拟结果表明,理想的自由状态下,单层石墨烯薄膜并非完美的平面结构,表面不完全平整,在薄膜边缘处出现明显的波纹状褶皱,而在薄膜内部褶皱并不明显,多层石墨烯边缘处的起伏幅度要比单层石墨烯的稍小.     

Thermoelectric properties of CoSb3 with maize‐like structure

Maize‐like CoSb₃ powders were obtained via the chemical alloying method. After the consolidation of the nanopowder using hot press, the CoSb₃ compact shows a higher Seebeck coefficient and lower thermal conductivity. For the investigated CoSb₃, a ZT of 0.15 at 673 K is shown. Though the achieved ZT does not reach the optimal value (0.17 to 0.18) for pure CoSb₃, due to its lower electrical conductivity, the novel structure fabrication provides an interesting and promising approach to enhancing the thermoelectric performance. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Molecular dynamics study of the mechanical properties of palladium nanocontacts

The mechanical properties of extended palladium nanocontacts have been investigated by the molecular dynamics method. The characteristic interatomic distances in the contacts have been determined and the process of the formation of palladium atomic contacts undergoing breaking has been studied for the (100), (110), and (111) orientations of the contact-surface interfaces.     

PYX基高聚物粘结炸药界面相互作用及力学性能的分子动力学模拟

本文采用分子动力学(MD)方法,模拟计算了聚氨酯(Estane 5703),三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM),氟聚物(F2311)三种高聚物分子分别与2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(PYX)(011)晶面构建的高聚物粘结炸药(PBXs)体系的结合能,内聚能密度,径向分布函数以及力学性能.结果表明,Estane 5703与PYX(011)晶面之间相互作用最强;不同粘结剂与晶体之间的内聚能密度大小顺序为PYX/F2311> PYX/Estane 5703> PYX/EPDM;径向分布函数分析可知PYX(011)晶面与高聚物分子间的相互作用主要为静电相互作用;添加3种粘结剂后PBX体系的拉伸强度和断裂强度都得到了改善,而除了F2311外,加入另外两种粘结剂后,提高了PBX体系的抗剪切应变能力.     

纳米多孔银力学性能表征分子动力学模拟

纳米多孔金属拥有优异的物理、化学性能,在众多领域中极具应用前景.相关力学性能的认知是实现其功能化应用的重要基础之一.基于分子动力学模拟,以三种拓扑结构(立方体结构、金刚石结构、螺旋体结构)的纳米多孔银为对象,研究了单轴拉伸下的力学响应,探讨了拓扑结构和相对密度与其力学性能的内在联系.仿真结果表明,纳米多孔银的极限强度和杨氏模量随相对密度增大而增大的同时,还紧密地依赖于拓扑结构.其中,金刚石结构与螺旋体结构的模量随相对密度的变化趋势较为相近,而螺旋体结构中螺旋形式的孔棱在受力拉直的过程中抵抗变形,表现出相对较好的塑性.立方体结构中,孔棱分布形式单一,抵抗变形的能力较弱,模量值较低.同一相对密度下,金刚石结构的强度最大,立方体结构次之,螺旋体结构最小.金刚石结构中,交错的孔棱间形成三角骨架结构,具有一定的稳定性,表现出相对较高的强度.     

碳纳米锥力学特性的分子动力学研究

结合原子间短程作用势(Brenner势)和长程作用势(Lennard-Jones势),利用分子动力学方法对各种锥角的碳纳米锥进行拉伸和压缩实验,获得其载荷-应变关系曲线、受拉/压载荷极限、应变极限和构形演变等力学特性,并与等量原子组成的碳纳米管进行比较研究.研究结果表明,等量碳原子组成的碳纳米锥的受拉/压载荷极限随着锥角的增大先是增大后减小,受拉/压应变极限则随着锥角的增大而增大.与碳纳米锥相比,等量碳原子组成的碳纳米管的受拉/压载荷极限和应变极限显得既不突出也不逊色.在受压构形演化方面,与碳纳米管丰富的径向屈曲/扭转/侧向屈曲组合形变不同,112.88°和83.62°锥角的碳纳米锥受压沿轴向完美内陷,而60.0°和38.94°锥角的碳纳米锥受压发生侧向屈曲.     

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Cd-filled CoSb3

Cd-filled CoSb₃ samples have been synthesized by the high pressure method, and the temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties of Cd_xCo₄Sb₁₂ have been investigated from 300 to 600 K. X-ray diffraction results show that near single-phase CoSb₃ could be obtained by the high pressure method in a short time (20 min). The lattice constant increases with the increase in the Cd content. The power factor is improved and the thermal conductivity is depressed drastically by filling CoSb₃ with Cd. The maximum figure of merit reaches 0.54 at 600 K for the sample of Cd_0.38Co₄Sb₁₂, which is about four times higher than that of unfilled CoSb₃.