流体力学中的强迫孤立波

简要讨论了８０年代发现的以先驱孤立波和非传播孤立波为代表的流体力学中的强迫孤立波．介绍了这些孤立波产生的方法、力学模型、控制方程、研究现状及有待解决的问题．      

非传播孤立波和表面张力

讨论关于表面张力的实验与理论分析之间的矛盾．把表面张力的能量当作高阶小量、导出了非传播孤立波的基本方程，得到的解与实验结果相符．     

非传播孤立波和表面张力

本文讨论了关于表面张力的实验与理论分析之间的矛盾把表面张力的能量当作高阶小量、导出了非传播孤立波的基本方程，得到的解与实验结果相符。     

细观结构固体层中孤立波的传播及相互作用特性

利用直接微扰方法.确定了孤立波的放大或衰减与孤立波的初始幅度以及介质的结构参数之间的关系.然后利用线性化技术构造出一种二阶精度的稳定差分格式,并对孤立波在细观结构固体层中传播特性进行了数值模拟,特别对细观结构固体层中传播的不同幅度的孤立波的相互作用进行了详细的数值模拟,从而得到在适当条件下细观结构固体层中孤立波传播时即可以衰减、放大又可以稳定传播,且相互作用不影响这种传播特性.     

孤立波和同宿轨道

本文分析了孤立波与同宿轨道的关系,同时分析了冲击波与异宿轨道的关系。分析指出:非线性演化方程(偏微分方程)的孤立波解相当于该方程对应动力系统(常微分方程)的同宿轨道,这是动力系统联结同一鞍点的轨道;而非线性演化方程的冲击波解相当于该方程对应动力系统的异宿轨道.这是动力系统联结不同鞍点,或联结鞍点和结点,或联结鞍点和焦点的轨道;本文还用行波传播的观点分析了物理现象的波粒二重性,指出用同宿或异宿轨道与行波的关系,特别是利用 KdV—Burgers 方程鞍一焦异宿轨道来研究湍流运动是大有希望的.     

分层流体中gKdV型孤立波的迎撞

本文采用约化摄动法和PLK方法并通过双参数摄动展开,讨论了分层流体中以推广的Korteweg-de vries方程(gKdV方程)描述的孤立波的迎撞问题,求得了二阶近似解。分析结果表明,gKdV型孤立波碰撞后保持原来的形状不变,在碰撞时最大波幅为两个来碰孤立波的最大波幅的线性叠加。     

非均匀损伤介质中波传播的数值解

对弹性波在非均匀损伤介质中的传播理论进行了研究。通过将非均匀损伤区域离散成分层均匀的区域,结合相邻区域交界面处的连续条件,推导出了以右行波、左行波为状态向量的波动方程和传递矩阵。对几种非均匀损伤介质中波的传播进行了实例数值计算,并和其解析解的结果进行了比较,讨论了弹性波在非均匀损伤介质中传播的一般性质。     

孤立波与多孔介质结构物的非线性相互作用

基于精确至Ｏ（εμ＾２,μ＾４）的多孔介质无压渗流模型方程和均匀流体质波动的Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程,本文对孤立波与多孔介质结构物的相互作用了较系统的数值实验。控制方程采用基于有限差分方程离散,在时域上采用了预估－校正方法进行了时间积分。在求解演化方程的过程中,引入“内迭代”过程实现流体域和多孔介质交界面的连接条件。结果表明孤立波在多孔介质上的反射与在不可渗透的界面上的反射类似,形成反向的孤立波但     

梁中非线性弯曲波传播特性的研究

研究了梁中的非线性弯曲波的传播特性,同时考虑了梁的大挠度引起的几何非线性效应和 梁的转动惯性导致的弥散效应,利用Hamilton变分法建立了梁中非线性弯曲波的波动方程. 对该方程进行了定性分析,在不同的条件下,该方程在相平面上存在同宿轨道或异宿轨道, 分别对应于方程的孤波解或冲击波解. 利用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法,对该非线性方程进行 求解,得到了非线性波动方程的准确周期解及相对应的孤波解和冲击波解,讨论了这些解存 在的必要条件,这与定性分析的结果完全相同. 利用约化摄动法从非线性弯曲波动方程中导 出了非线性Schr\"{o}dinger方程,从理论上证明了考虑梁的大挠度和转动惯性时梁中存在 包络孤立波.     

表面张力、黏性和驱动对非传播表面孤立波的影响

从理论上研究了表面张力、黏性和驱动对非传播表面孤立波的影响。指出表面张力使孤波高度增大、宽度减小．作出了孤波的等波响应曲线（ｅｑｕａｌ－ｗａｖｅ－ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ－ｃｕｒｖｅｓ）并与实验结果进行了比较。     

Non-propagating solitary waves with the consideration of surface tension

In this paper, the governing equation for the non-propagating solitary waves, similar to the cubic Schrödinger equation, is derived by the multiple scales with the consideration of surface tension. The non-propagating solitary wave solution is given. It is explained by the capillary-gravity wave theory that the crests are sharpened and the troughs are flattened in the transversal harmonic of the non-propagating solitary waves. On σ～kh plane, two parameter regions are obtained in which the non-propagating solitary wave can occur, but all existing experimental parameters are in region 1 (Fig. 1).     

表面张力、黏性和驱动对非传播表面孤立波的影响

从理论上研究了表面张力、黏性和驱动对非传播表面孤立波的影响。指出表面张力使孤波高度增大、宽度减小．作出了孤波的等波响应曲线（ｅｑｕａｌ－ｗａｖｅ－ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ－ｃｕｒｖｅｓ）并与实验结果进行了比较。     

Nonlinear travelling waves in a hyperelastic rod composed of a compressible Mooney-Rivlin material

In this paper, we study strongly nonlinear axisymmetric waves in a circular cylindrical rod composed of a compressible Mooney-Rivlin material. To consider the travelling wave solutions for the governing partial differential system, we first reduce it to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. By using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems, we show that the reduced system has seven periodic annuluses with different boundaries which depend on four parameters. We further consider the bifurcation behavior of the phase portraits for the reduced one-parameter vector fields when other three parameters are fixed. Corresponding to seven different periodic annuluses, we obtain seven types of travelling wave solutions, including solitary waves of radial contraction, solitary waves of radial expansion, solitary shock waves of radial contraction, solitary shock waves of radial expansion, periodic waves and two types of periodic shock waves. These are physically acceptable solutions by the governing partial differential system. The rigorous parameter conditions for the existence of these waves are given.     

Generation of stable solitary waves by a piston-type wave maker

The focus of present study is on how to generate solitary waves as pure as possible by using a piston type wave maker. A meshless numerical model, which can simulate the trajectories of fluid particles in a wave motion exerted by the wave paddle, is established for the purpose of present study. The present numerical model is verified by the comparison with experimental data before it is employed to the focused problem. Various wave paddle motions are considered. The results show that solitary waves generated by applying Fenton’s solitary solution to the paddle motion proposed by Goring are purer than those generated by other paddle motions.     

非线性弹性杆中的应变孤波

本文对非线性弹性杆中的应变孤波进行了分析,着重讨论了杆的物理参数和几何参数对于波动的影响,阐明了孤波传播过程的主要特征。     

INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVE LOADS EXPERIMENTS AND ITS THEORETICAL MODEL FOR A CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURE

在大型重力式密度分层水槽中, 对内孤立波与圆柱型结构的相互作用特性开展了系列实验. 基于两层流体中 内孤立波的KdV,eKdV和MCC理论, 建立了圆柱型结构内孤立波载荷的理论预报模型, 给出了该载荷理论预报模型中3类内孤立波理论的适用性条件.研究表明, 圆柱型结构内孤立波水平载荷包括水平Froude-Krylov力、附加质量力和拖曳力3个部分, 可以由Morison公式计算, 而内孤立波垂向载荷主要为垂向Froude-Krylov力, 可以由内孤立波诱导动压力计算.系列实验结果表明, 附加质量系数可以取为常数1.0, 拖曳力系数与内孤立波诱导速度场的雷诺数之间为指数函数关系, 而且基于理论预报模型的数值结果与系列实验结果吻合.     

弦的非线性振动摄动法及其K—dV方程的孤波解

本文用摄动法导出了弦的非线性振动的Ｋ－ｄＶ方程，讨论了只有耗散和色散的特殊情况，然后详细讨论了Ｋ－ｄＶ方程的孤波解的性态，并给出了弦的非线性振动孤波的主要特征。     

Nonlinear steady states of hyperelastic membrane tubes conveying a viscous non-Newtonian fluid

We study possible steady states of an infinitely long tube made of a hyperelastic membrane and conveying either an inviscid, or a viscous fluid with power-law rheology. The tube model is geometrically and physically nonlinear; the fluid model is limited to smooth changes in the tube’s radius. For the inviscid case, we analyse the tube’s stretch and flow velocity range at which standing solitary waves of both the swelling and the necking type exist. For the viscous case, we first analyse the tube’s upstream and downstream limit states that are balanced by infinitely growing upstream (and decreasing downstream) fluid pressure and axial stress caused by fluid viscosity. Then we investigate conditions that can connect these limit states by a single solution. We show that such a solution exists only for sufficiently small flow speeds and that it has a form of a kink wave; solitary waves do not exist. For the case of a semi-infinite tube (infinite either upstream or downstream), there exist both kink and solitary wave solutions. For finite-length tubes, there exist solutions of any kind, i.e. in the form of pieces of kink waves, solitary waves, and periodic waves.     

The strain solitary waves in a nonlinear elastic rod

Solitary strain waves in a nonlinear elastic rod are analysed in this paper; influence of the physical and geometrical parameters of the rod on the waves are discussed; some main properties of the solitary waves are pointed out.