МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТ РОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИХ СИС ТЕМ С ОСЕВОЙ СИММЕТРИЕЙ П РИ ПОМОЩИ СЕТИ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЙ

The paper explains the theory of modelling electrostatic fields by a resistance network. The conditions, which the resistance network must satisfy, are derived and the question of modelling electrodes of different shapes is solved. The finished network and the results obtained on it when modelling a jet for a linear h-f accelerator of electrons are described. Particular attention is paid to the influence of a space charge, the modelling of which is an advantage of this method.

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1- , 1964., , .

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. .     

A contribution to the theory of the triple crystal diffractometer

The first part of the paper gives a general equation for triple-crystal arrangement with perfect crystals on the assumption that the third crystal is rotated. It is shown that in the case of perfect crystals the shape of the reflection curve is practically independent of the vertical divergence. The case of mosaic crystals is also solved and the possibility of rotation by other than the third crystal is considered. A method is proposed for investigating the imperfection of a crystal which is different from methods used up to now. The paper is supplemented by some experimental results.

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Photo-luminescence and growth defects in ZnS: Cu monocrystals

The paper describes microscopic investigation into the spectral distribution of photo-luminescence and its polarization on hexagonal ZnS monocrystals in relation to the structural defects of such crystals. These observations, as well as birefringent observations, show that the values of the birefringence and the degree of polarization in different stripes of the same crystal are the same within the limits of observational errors.

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ZnS: Cu

ZnS . , , , .

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In conclusion the author would like to thank K. Pátek, L. Souková and M. Mokonová for providing the monocrystals and for fruitful discussions.     

Change in primary extinction during decomposition of supersaturated solid solution II. Al-Cu 4% alloy-formation of G.P. zones

The change in integrated intensity of the (200) reflections of a solid solution during the formation of G.P. zones was measured and compared with the change in the character of the diffuse streaks corresponding to them. It was found that the. formation of G.P. zones does not lead to a decrease in primary extinction despite the great changes in the distribution of the copper atoms. It was shown that the formation of a precipitate accompanied by the formation of crystallographically incoherent boundaries greatly decreases the primary extinction.

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. II. 1-u 4%: [. . ]

(200) . . , . , . . , . , , , .

     

RÄumliche Darstellung der Atomverteilung im Kristallgitter aus einer beschrÄnkten Anzahl von Röntgendiffraktionsdaten

Zusammenfassung Aus den Projektionen der Elektronendichten in drei voneinander unabhÄngigen kristallographischen Ebenen wird die Funktion (2) zusammengesetzt, die das übliche Darstellungsverfahren mit Hilfe der dreidimensionalen Fourierreihe ersetzt.

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(2), .

     

A possible test of quantum electrodynamics by means of polarization effects in electron-nucleon scattering

The differential cross-section is given for the electromagnetic scattering of polarized relativistic electrons on polarized nucleons. The finite size of each particle is taken into account by means of two form-factors. The effect of the possible non-punctiform structure of the electron on the polarization effects in scattering is discussed. It is shown that the internal structure of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron would show itself in the cross-section by terms depending on the transversal polarization of the incident electrons.

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. . . , , .

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Summary of results of a diploma-thesis for the degree of graduate physicist.

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In conclusion the author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to prof. V. Votruba and J. Kvasnica for suggesting this problem, for helpful discussions and valuable advice.     

Double quantum transitions in paramagnetic resonance

The theory of double quantum transitions of the M=±2 type, with regard to inhomogeneously broadened spin systems is studied in this paper with the approximation ²T₂T₃ 1. We suppose that the inhomogeneous broadening is formed by an inhomogeneous crystal field. The obtained results describe the magnitude of absorption as a function of the h.f. power and also describe the shape of the absorption curve. It is demonstrated that in inhomogeneously broadened spin systems the absorption curve of double quantum transitions has the form of the difference of two different Lorentz's curves and that at the saturation ( ²T₂T₁ 1) the absorption increases with the cube of the h.f. field intensity. The shape of the curves is expressed by means of phenomenological relaxation constants of the system.

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M=±2 ²T₂T₃ 1. , - . . , ( ²T₂T₁ 1) . .

     

тЕОРИь И стРУктУРА тЕ МпЕРАтУРНОгО ИжОБРА жЕНИь

. , , , . .

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The theory and structure of the temperature image

The paper describes the theory of the formation of a temperature image when there are large temperature differences and introduces the concept of temperature distortion of an image. It also deals with the geometrical distortion of the temperature image by the longitudinal thermal conductivity of the receiver layer and gives a solution of the corresponding differential equation of the temperature image for the case of a general linear line test and general circular concentric test. Equations are derived for the temperature distributions of the temperature images of some optical lineated and circular test objects and their geometrical distortion due to the thermal conductivity of the receiver layer is investigated.

     

Determination of parameters in equation for ferromagnetic resonance of ferrites

The paper describes a new method for determining the parameters in the equation for ferromagnetic resonance — the internal effective field, the spectroscopic splitting factor and the saturation magnetization in polycrystalline magnetically isotropic ferrites. Relations are derived for calculating these parameters by means of the values of the resonance external static fields, which are obtained by measuring on samples having different geometrical shapes and differently arranged static and microwave magnetic fields. The advantages and disadvantages of the method and remarks on the experimental method are given. The paper ends with an example of measurement.

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: , . , . . .

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The determination of the saturation magnetization of ferrites by the method described here was reported on at the Seminary on Ferrites in Microwave Technique, held by the Institute of Technical Physics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, and the Research Institute of Communications Engineering of A. S. Popov, on November 25, 1959.     

The elastic coupling between longitudinal and transversal vibrations of isotropic rods I. Rods of square and rectangular cross-section

A new approximate method for theoretically calculating longitudinal vibration frequencies of isotropic homogeneous rods of square and rectangular cross-section is given. We divide a three-dimensional longitudinal vibration into three one-dimensional ones; the coupling between the principal strains in question is assumed to be linear, similarly as in the static case of simple tension. The coupling between the deformations is realized by variable coupling parameters or depending on the order of vibrations (contrary to Rayleigh's correction where Poisson's ratio is the coupling parameter). These parameters are defined by the condition that the corresponding frequency must be minimized (stationary).Up till now Giebe and Blechschmidt [2] have given the best approximate method of calculation. The series of their calculated frequencies corresponds to the measuredones nearly as well as the frequencies calculated by us. The theory described here, however, contains a richer spectrum of frequencies and at the same time explains the frequencies measured in the range of the so-called dead zone, which is the weak point of Giebe's and Blechschmidt's theory.

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I.

. ; , . , ( , ). , ( ). [2]. , , . , , , , . . , .

     

ТЕМПЕРАТУРНАЯ ЗАВИС ИМОСТЬ ТЕРМОЭЛЕКТРОДВИЖУЩ ЕЙ СИЛЫ СЕРОГО ОЛОВА С ПРИМЕСЯМИ КАДМИЯ

- , - —183 —10 °.     

The connection between low-gradient form of the positive column in oxygen and moving striations

The method of sliding photomultipliers was used to study the connection between two forms of the positive column in oxygen — the so-called low-gradientT-form and the highgradientH-form — and the presence of moving striations in the positive column. It was shown that in theT-form of a positive column striations are always present which move from the cathode to anode with a velocity of several thousand metres/sec. The highgradient form of theH-positive column, on the other hand, is not striated. The non-single-valuedness of the value of the longitudinal electric field in a discharge in oxygen is thus explained by the presence or absence of phenomena of a time variable character.

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— - H - — . , - , /. , , . , , , .

     

Beitrag zum problem der Exo-Emission von festkörpern

Zusammenfassung Es sind die Versuchsergebnisse des Studiums der Photoerscheinungen bei verschieden bearbeiteten Metallen (Au, Al, Pt) angeführt. Die Metallfolien wurden an der Luft mit UV-Licht bestrahlt und gleichmä\ig erwärmt. Die Ergebnisse wurden vom Gesichtspunkt der neueren Kenntnisse über Adsorption, Katalyse und Oxydation diskutiert. Daraus sind Folgerungen gezogen worden, die in manchen Fällen zu Bedenken über die Klärung der Exo-Emissions-Glow-Kurven zu führen scheinen.

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Au, Al, Pt . , . , . , .

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Ich möchte auch an dieser Stelle meinen besten Dank Frau K. Listoová aussprechen für die mit gro\er Sorgfältigkeit durchgeführten Versuchsreihen und K. Huml für die Hilfe bei der Bearbeitung der Versuchsergebnisse.     

ДАЛЬНЕЙШИЕ ИССЛЕДОВ АНИЯ ФИЛЬТРА ДВОЙНОГ О ЛУЧЕПРЕЛОМЛЕНИЯ

, 4, (1954), 53. . .     

Refining of CdSb and preparation of CdSb single crystals by zone melting

CdSb single crystals were prepared by zone melting in a boat both with and without a seed crystal in a stream of pure hydrogen or in a sealed and evacuated tube. The zone moved with a velocity of 1–20 cm/hour. Zone melting in an evacuated tube was used to prepare CdSb single crystals of high purity containing 10¹⁵ acceptors/cm³ at room temperature. During zone refining the stoichiometry is damaged; the front part of the ingot is enriched by cadmium and the end of the ingot by antimony; the enrichment is of an order of several percent after 10 passages of the zone. In the middle part of the ingot the stoichiometric compound remains unchanged. CdSb single crystals grow even by directional cooling of the melt of the stoichiometric compound without a seed crystal.

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CdSb CdSb

CdSb 1–20 cm/, . CdSb CdSb , 10¹⁵ cm³ . ; , . . . CdSb .

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The author died 28. 5. 1961.     

The application of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes to welding arcs

The self-regulation of an inert gas shielded metal welding arc is dealt with briefly. A thermodynamic equation is derived for the self-regulation of such an arc.

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Zur Frage derZ-Zentren bei der Exoelektronenemission aus Alkalihalogeniden

Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Maximum des Exoelektronenemissionsstroms untersucht, das an NaCl infolge Verunreinigung durch Kalzium auftritt, und die Möglichkeit, dieses Maximum denZ-Zentren zuzuordnen, diskutiert.

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Z-

, NaCl . Z-.

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Wir danken herzlichst Herrn Dr. A. Bohun für das gefällige überlassen des NaCl: Ca-Materials.     

Ferromagnetic resonance in thin cobalt films

The paper gives the results of measuring ferromagnetic resonance on thin cobalt films, vacuum deposited on unheated glass slides. The values of the (g-factor, the width of the curve, the effective stress and uniaxial induced anisotropy were determined as a function of the thickness of the film from measurements of the ferromagnetic absorption in a magnetic field normal and parallel to the surface of the film. Measurements were carried out on a frequency of 9200 MHz and on film thicknesses of 180 to 1800 Å. A qualitative explanation of the observed dependences is given.

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, . , , g-, , , . 9200 MHz 180–1800 Å. .

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The author thanks V. Kamberský and Z. Málek, C. Sc., for providing some of the cobalt films and for help in depositing and measuring the thicknesses, S. Kadeková and M. Polcarová for valuable advice in determining the structure of the films, J. Míová for carefully plotting the results of measurements and Z. Málek and O. tirand for carefully reading the paper and for valuable discussions.     

ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕ СКОГО ДИПОЛЯ НАД ГРАН ИЦЕЙ ДВУХ СРЕД

, , . , - - . - . -, - , . , - ; , , .     

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИМЕСЕ Й НА С ВОЙСТВА АНТИМОНИДА И НДИЯ

. — , Ib, IIb, IIIb - , -.