Cd2+离子诱导的DNA构象变化

近年来,Cd^2 由于其在生物化学、临床医学、环境和农业科学等领域的重要性而受到了极大的关注^[1]。同其它金属离子一样,Cd^2 离子能与蛋白和其它生物分子反应从而影响动物和人类的器官,如肺、前列腺、睾丸、心脏、肝和肾等的正常生理活动^[2-4]。日本的痛痛病就是由于Cd^2 引起的骨软化和肾小管功能障碍造成的。但是从分子水平上对Cd^2 与生物大分子的相互作用机制的研究还较少。本文对Cd^2 与鲑鱼精DNA的相互作用及其对DNA构象的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,Cd^2 可与DNA发生作用,并且使DNA构象发生变化。     

CMC-Na/DETA-B62型蛇笼树脂对金属离子的吸附性能

本文研究了自合成的蛇笼型螯合树脂-二乙烯三胺交联甘油环氧树脂/羰甲基纤维素体系对Cd^2 ,Pb^2 ,Fe^2 的吸附量，吸附动力学，等温吸附过程等静态吸附性能，同时研究了pH值等因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明，该树脂对Cd^2 具有较强的吸附选择性，能在Cd^2 ,Pb^2 ,Fe^2 3种离子共存时选择吸附Cd^2 ，其选择性系数分别为Kcd^2 /pb^2 =3.77,Kcd^2 /Fe^2 =9.61。该树脂对上述3种离子的吸附量可分别达4.00,1.06,0.42mmol/g。该类树脂可用于含重金属离子污水的处理和金属离子的分离等方面。     

对神经递质多巴胺敏感的离子选择性微电极的研究

介绍了一种用于检测神经递质多巴胺的双通道离子选择性微电极。利用所合成的四对甲氧基苯硼－多巴胺活性材料,构建了对多巴胺敏感的液态膜微电极,该微电极的响应性和稳定性较好,一般无机离子和有机离子没有明显的干扰。     

多巴胺在其第三受体蛋白结构中的分子通道上传输动力学

本文基于多巴胺与其第三受体复合蛋白(D_3R)结构,采用分子动力学技术Gromacs 4.5程序中的伞形样本方法,研究多巴胺在多巴胺第三受体蛋白结构中的运动轨迹及其过程中自由能变化,探讨多巴胺在其分子通道上传输运动机制动力学。分子模拟表明,处在发挥神经递质作用部位的多巴胺,通过D_3R结构中的功能分子通道沿着y+轴朝细胞外方向传输运动的自由能变化数值为134.6 kJ?mol~(-1),沿着y-轴朝细胞内传输运动的自由能变化为211.5 kJ?mol~(-1)。在D_3R结构中,多巴胺沿着x+、x-、z+、z-轴朝细胞双层膜方向传输运动的自由能变化分别为65.8、245.0、551.4、172.8 kJ?mol~(-1),数值说明DOP更容易沿着x+轴方向从TM5(第五跨膜螺旋)与TM6(第六跨膜螺旋)缝隙之间离开D_3R内部结构。处在细胞间隙空间的自由多巴胺,在等温等压条件下沿着逆y+轴方向通过多巴胺第三受体内功能分子通道,到达发挥神经递质作用的部位是一个自发过程,因为在该轨迹上多巴胺分子与受体相互作用是一个负自由能变化(-134.6 kJ?mol~(-1))。所以,多巴胺与多巴胺受体很容易相互结合,发挥神经递质作用。发挥了神经递质功能作用的多巴胺分子,沿着x+轴方向的保护分子通道从TM5与TM6缝隙之间离开D_3R内部结构,避免过度发挥多巴胺神经递质功能作用。根据多巴胺功能和保护分子通道观点,我们提出帕金森病新病理和精神分裂症新病理。论文还探讨多巴胺分子通道理论及其新病理应用于治疗控制这两种病症及其相关药物研究开发。     

血红素修饰电极电催化氧化测定儿茶酚类化合物

采用循环伏安法将血红素修猸于玻碳电极表面，制备出对儿茶酚类化合物具有电催化氧化作用的血红素修饰电极（Ｈｅｍｅ／ＧＣ）。该电极上的催化氧化峰电流与邻苯二酚、多巴胺、肾上腺素等儿茶酚类化合物的浓度在各自响应的范围内有良好的线性关系，检测下限为４￣８×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用于多巴胺和肾上腺素药物针剂的测定结果令人满意，回收率９８￣１０２％。     

尼古丁-酒石酸盐晶体的结构分析

尼古丁-酒石酸盐作为尼古丁的新型固态形式,在新型烟草制品研发中具有潜在的应用价值。本文应用CrystalExplorer晶体学软件,对其该盐的晶体结构进行了较为详细分析。"赫希菲尔德"表面分析结果显示,晶体内部存在众多的氢键,使其相邻分子之间的间距减小,O…H相互作用在"赫希菲尔德"表面中占主导作用;相互作用能分析的结果是:尼古丁分子与周围分子间的相互作用最强,水分子与周边分子间的相互作用最弱,且盐晶容易受到外界因素的影响而失去水分子;能量框架结果表明,层状结构明显,层与层间相互作用能较弱,晶体结构的化学及物理稳定性较差。理论上深刻剖析尼古丁-酒石酸盐晶体结构特性的结果,对其该盐晶在实际中的应用具有重要的指导意义。     

生物吸附剂—虾壳吸附镉（Ⅱ）的实验研究

本文采用廉价的生物吸附剂一虾壳来吸附水中的Cd^2 ，研究溶液的pH值，初始Cd^2 离子浓度，虾皮不同粒度，外加盐等因素对Cd^2 的吸附特性的影响，探讨了经过一定浓度酸处理的虾壳对Cd^2 的吸附情况，得到了最佳的pH值，得出了适宜的吸附等温线经验方程。     

苯二酚位置异构体的毛细管电泳-方波安培分离检测

邻苯二酚(儿茶酚)、间苯二酚(雷锁辛及树脂酚)和对苯二酚(氢醌)是苯二酚的3种位置异构体,它们均是重要的有机合成中间体,被广泛应用于化工材料、农药、化妆品和医药等领域,其中儿茶酚是神经递质代谢过程的中间体.因此,建立简便、灵敏而快速的苯二酚异构体的分离检测方法具有重要的意义.     

芯片毛细管电泳集成电化学检测装置和4种碳纤维电极的比较研究

自行设计组装了微流控芯片安培检测系统,以自制的碳纤维微米电极、碳纤维纳米电极、单壁碳纳米管修饰的碳纤维微米电极以及碳纤维微盘电极等4种电极为检测器,采用柱末检测的模式,考察了其对儿茶酚胺类物质多巴胺与异丙肾上腺素的分离检测效果以及电极的灵敏度。结果表明,在检测电位为0.6V、0.02mol/LTris-HCl(pH8.0)为缓冲溶液的优化条件下,检测多巴胺与异丙肾上腺素的分离度分别为0.64、1.06、0.61和1.22;灵敏度(S/N=3)分别为1.7×10-7、5.9×10-8、2.3×10-8和5.3×10-7,碳纤维纳米电极同时具备了较高的分离度与灵敏度。将碳纤维纳米电极应用于测定鼠嗜铬神经细胞瘤细胞(PC12)中神经递质多巴胺,以异丙肾上腺素为内标,测得单个PC12细胞中多巴胺含量为(0.57±0.07)fmol(n=5),与文献报道值相符。     

伏安型植物组织生物微电极的研究：混合不同植物组织碳糊微电极的研究

由于香蕉组织中含有的氧化酶能够生物催化氧化多巴胺，去甲肾上腺素，Ｌ－多巴等，大大地提高了植物组织电极的灵敏度；又由于茄子组织中所含有的氧化酶在催化氧化儿茶酚的同时，能有效地抑制抗坏血酸在电极上的反应，将上述两种植物组织混合制成电极，使其更适于神经递质的测定，线性范围：２．４×１０＾－６－－９．８×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；检出下限３．２×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.