Special Lagrangian Submanifolds with Isolated Conical Singularities. IV. Desingularization,Obstructions and Families

This is the fourth in a series of five papers studying special Lagrangian submanifolds(SLV m-folds) X in (almost) Calabi–Yau m-folds M with singularities x ₁,..., x _n locally modelled on special Lagrangian cones C ₁,..., C _n in ^m with isolated singularities at 0. Readers are advised to begin with Paper V.Paper III and this one construct desingularizations of X, realizing X as a limitof a family of compact, nonsingular SL m-folds C ^t in M for small t > 0. Suppose L ₁,..., L _n are Asymptotically Conical SL m-folds in ^m, withL _i asymptotic to the cone C _i at infinity. We shrink L _i by a small t > 0, and gluetL _i into X at x _i for i= 1,..., n to get a 1-parameter family of compact, nonsingularLagrangian m-folds N ^t for small t> 0.Then we show using analysis that when t is sufficiently small we can deform N ^t toa compact, nonsingular special Lagrangian m-fold C ^t, via a small Hamiltonian deformation. This C ^t depends smoothly on t, and as t 0 it converges to the singular SL m-fold X, in the sense of currents.Paper III studied simpler cases, where by topological conditions on X and L _i we avoid obstructions to the existence of C ^t. This paper considers more complex cases when theseobstructions are nontrivial, and also desingularization in families of almost Calabi–Yaum-folds M ^s for sF, rather than in a single almost Calabi–Yau m-fold M.     

Calibrated Embeddings in the Special Lagrangian and Coassociative Cases

Every closed, oriented, real analytic Riemannian3–manifold can be isometrically embedded as a specialLagrangian submanifold of a Calabi–Yau 3–fold, even as thereal locus of an antiholomorphic, isometric involution. Every closed,oriented, real analytic Riemannian 4–manifold whose bundle of self-dual2–forms is trivial can be isometrically embedded as a coassociativesubmanifold in a G₂-manifold, even as the fixed locus of ananti-G₂ involution.These results, when coupledwith McLean's analysis of the moduli spaces of such calibratedsubmanifolds, yield a plentiful supply of examples of compact calibratedsubmanifolds with nontrivial deformation spaces.     

Special Lagrangian Submanifolds with Isolated Conical Singularities. I. Regularity

This is the first in a series of five papers studying special Lagrangian submanifolds(SLV m-folds) X in almost Calabi–Yau m-folds M with singularitiesx ₁, ..., x _n locally modelled on special Lagrangiancones C ₁, ..., C _n in ^m with isolated singularities at 0. Readers are advised to begin with Paper V.This paper lays the foundations for the series, giving definitions and provingauxiliary results in symplectic geometry and asymptotic analysis that will be needed later.It also proves results on the regularity of X near its singular points.We show that X converges to the cone C _i near x _i with all its derivatives,at rates determined by the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on C _i .We show that if X is a special Lagrangian integral current with a tangent cone C at x satisfying some conditions, then X has an isolated conical singularity at x in our sense. We also prove analogues of many of our results for Asymptotically Conical SL m-folds in ^m .     

Special Lagrangian Submanifolds with Isolated Conical Singularities. II. Moduli spaces

This is the second in a series of five papers studying special Lagrangiansubmanifolds (SLV m-folds) X in (almost) Calabi–Yau m-folds M with singularities x ₁ , ..., x _n locally modelled on specialLagrangian cones C ₁, ..., C _n in ^m with isolated singularities at 0.Readers are advised to begin with Paper V.This paper studies the deformation theory of compact SL m-folds X in Mwith conical singularities. We define the moduli space _X of deformations of X in M, and construct a natural topology on it. Then we show that _X is locally homeomorphic to the zeroes of a smooth map : _{X X} between finite-dimensional vector spaces.Here the infinitesimal deformation space _X depends only on the topology of X, and the obstruction space _X only on the cones C ₁, ..., C _n at x ₁, ..., x _n . If the cones C _i are stable then _X is zero, and _X is a smooth manifold. We also extend our results to families of almost Calabi–Yau structures on M.     

Special Lagrangian Submanifolds with Isolated Conical Singularities. III. Desingularization,The Unobstructed Case

This is the third in a series of five papers studying special Lagrangian submanifolds(SLV m-folds) X in (almost) Calabi–Yau m-folds M with singularities x ₁, ..., x _n locally modelled on special Lagrangian cones C ₁, ..., C _n in ^m with isolated singularities at 0. Readers are advised to begin with Paper V.This paper and Paper IV construct desingularizations of X, realizing X as a limitof a family of compact, nonsingular SL m-folds ^t in M for small t > 0.Suppose L ₁, ..., L _n are Asymptotically Conical SL m-folds in ^m , with L _i asymptotic to the cone C _i at infinity. We shrink L _i by a small t > 0, and glue tL _i into X at x _i for i= 1, ..., nto get a 1-parameter family of compact, nonsingular Lagrangian m-folds N ^t for small t > 0.Then we show using analysis that when t is sufficiently small we can deform N ^t to a compact,nonsingular special Lagrangian m-fold ^t , via a small Hamiltonian deformation.This ^t depends smoothly on t, and as t 0 it converges to the singular SL m-fold X, in the sense of currents.This paper studies the simpler cases, where by topological conditions on X and L _i we avoid various obstructions to existence of ^t . Paper IV will consider more complex cases when these obstructions are nontrivial, and also desingularization in families of almost Calabi–Yau m-folds.     

Simultaneous desingularizations of Calabi–Yau and special Lagrangian 3-folds with conical singularities: I. The gluing construction

In this paper we extend our previous results on resolving conically singular Calabi–Yau 3-folds (Chan, Quart. J. Math. 57:151–181, 2006; Quart. J. Math., to appear) to include the desingularizations of special Lagrangian (SL) 3-folds with conical singularities that occur at the same points of the ambient Calabi–Yau. The gluing construction of the SL 3-folds is achieved by applying Joyce’s analytic result (Joyce, Ann. Global. Anal. Geom. 26: 1–58, 2004, Thm. 5.3) on deforming Lagrangian submanifolds to nearby special Lagrangian submanifolds. Our result will in principle be able to construct more examples of compact SL submanifolds in compact Calabi–Yau manifolds. Various explicit examples and applications illustrating the result in this paper can be found in the sequel (Chan, Ann. Global. Anal. Geom., to appear).     

SO(n)-Invariant Special Lagrangian Submanifolds of C~(n 1) with Fixed Loci

Let SO(n) act in the standard way on Cn and extend this action in the usual way to Cn 1 =C Cn. It is shown that a nonsingular special Lagrangian submanifold L (?) Cn 1 that is invariant under this SO(n)-action intersects the fixed C (?) Cn 1 in a nonsingular real-analytic arc A (which may be empty). If n > 2, then A has no compact component. Conversely, an embedded, noncompact nonsingular real-analytic arc A(?)C lies in an embedded nonsingular special Lagrangian submanifold that is SO(n)-invariant. The same existence result holds for compact A if n = 2. If A is connected, there exist n distinct nonsingular SO(n)-invariant special Lagrangian extensions of A such that any embedded nonsingular SO(n)-invariant special Lagrangian extension of A agrees with one of these n extensions in some open neighborhood of A. The method employed is an analysis of a singular nonlinear pde and ultimately calls on the work of Gerard and Tahara to prove the existence of the extension.     

On pseudo-umbilical Lagrangian submanifolds in CP3简

In this paper, an estimate of the constant scalar curvature of a compact non- minimal pseudo-umbilical Lagrangian submanifold in CP3 is obtained. As its application, we prove that compact Einstein pseudo-umbilical Lagrangian submanifolds in CP3 must be minimal.     

On the Geometry of Lagrangian Submanifolds

We prove that a Lagrangian submanifold passes through each point of a symplectic manifold in the direction of arbitrary Lagrangian plane at this point. Generally speaking, such a Lagrangian submanifold is not unique; nevertheless, the set of all such submanifolds in Hermitian extension of a symplectic manifold of dimension greater than 4 for arbitrary initial data contains a totally geodesic submanifold (which we call the s-Lagrangian submanifold) iff this symplectic manifold is a complex space form. We show that each Lagrangian submanifold in a complex space form of holomorphic sectional curvature equal to c is a space of constant curvature c/4. We apply these results to the geometry of principal toroidal bundles.     

Lagrangian non-intersections

No Abstract. . This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 205/02 *). Received: December 2004 Revision: March 2005 Accepted: March 2005     

Lagrangian Submanifolds with Zero Scalar Curvature in Complex Euclidean Space

In this paper we show how to embed a time slice of the Schwarzchild spacetime that models the outer space around a massive star, as a Lagrangian submanifold invariant under the standard action of the special orthogonal group on complex Euclidean space. This result is generalized for rotationally invariant metrics that can be considered as higher-dimensional versions of Schwarzchild's and these submanifolds are locally characterized as the only ones with zero scalar curvature inside the above family.     

SO（n）-Invariant Special Lagrangian Submanifolds of C^n＋l with Fixed Loci

Abstract Let SO(n) act in the standard way on ℂⁿ and extend this action in the usual way to ℂⁿ⁺¹ = ℂ ⊕ ℂⁿ. It is shown that a nonsingular special Lagrangian submanifold L ⊂ ℂⁿ⁺¹ that is invariant under this SO(n)-action intersects the fixed ℂ ⊂ ℂⁿ⁺¹ in a nonsingular real-analytic arc A (which may be empty). If n > 2, then A has no compact component. Conversely, an embedded, noncompact nonsingular real-analytic arc A ⊂ ℂ lies in an embedded nonsingular special Lagrangian submanifold that is SO(n)-invariant. The same existence result holds for compact A if n = 2. If A is connected, there exist n distinct nonsingular SO(n)-invariant special Lagrangian extensions of A such that any embedded nonsingular SO(n)-invariant special Lagrangian extension of A agrees with one of these n extensions in some open neighborhood of A. The method employed is an analysis of a singular nonlinear PDE and ultimately calls on the work of Gérard and Tahara to prove the existence of the extension. * Project supported by Duke University via a research grant, the NSF via DMS-0103884, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, and Columbia University. (Dedicated to the memory of Shiing-Shen Chern, whose beautiful works and gentle encouragement have had the most profound influence on my own research)     

A Characterization of Minimal Legendrian Submanifolds in S2n+1

Let x: L ⁿ S²ⁿ⁺¹ R²ⁿ⁺² be a minimal submanifold in S²ⁿ⁺¹. In this note, we show that L is Legendrian if and only if for any A su(n + 1) the restriction to L of Ax, (–1)x satisfies f = 2(n + 1)f. In this case, 2(n + 1) is an eigenvalue of the Laplacian with multiplicity at least (n(n + 3)). Moreover if the multiplicity equals to ;(n(n + 3)), then L ⁿ is totally geodesic.     

关于$\mathbb{C}P^3$ 中的伪脐Lagrange子流形

本文获得$\mathbb{C}P^3$中非极小的紧致伪脐Lagrange子流形常数数量曲率的一个估计. 作为其应用, 我们证明了$\mathbb{C}P^3$中紧致Einstein伪脐Lagrange子流形必是极小的.     

复空间形式中具有共形MASLOV形式的拉格朗日子流形的一些例子

该文从实空间形式到复空间形式拉格朗日等距浸入中找到了一些非平凡的具有共形Maslov形式的拉格朗日子流形.     

Examples of Calabi–Yau Threefolds as Covers of Almost-Fano Threefolds

We give a method for producing examples of Calabi–Yau threefolds as covers of degree d ≤ 8 of almost-Fano threefolds, computing explicitely their Euler– Poincaré characteristic. Such a method generalizes the well-knownclassical construction of Calabi–Yau threefolds as double covers of the projective space branched along octic surfaces.     

Ruled Special Lagrangian 3-Folds In C3

This is the fifth in a series of papers constructing explicitexamples of special Lagrangian submanifolds in C^m. A submanifoldof C^m is ruled if it is fibred by a family of real straightlines in C^m. This paper studies ruled special Lagrangian 3-foldsin C³, giving both general theory and families of examples.Our results are related to previous work of Harvey and Lawson,Borisenko, and Bryant. Special Lagrangian cones in C³ are automaticallyruled, and each ruled special Lagrangian 3-fold is asymptoticto a unique special Lagrangian cone. We study the family ofruled special Lagrangian 3-folds N asymptotic to a fixed specialLagrangian cone N0. We find that this depends on solving a linearequation, so that the family of such N has the structure ofa vector space. We also show that the intersection of N0 withthe unit sphere S⁵ in C³ is a Riemann surface, and constructa ruled special Lagrangian 3-fold N asymptotic to N0 for eachholomorphic vector field w on . As corollaries of this we writedown two large families of explicit special Lagrangian 3-foldsin C³ depending on a holomorphic function on C, which includemany new examples of singularities of special Lagrangian 3-folds.We also show that each special Lagrangian T2-cone N0 can beextended to a 2-parameter family of ruled special Lagrangian3-folds asymptotic to N0, and diffeomorphic to T²xR. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 53C38, 53D12.     

Calibrated Subbundles in Noncompact Manifolds of Special Holonomy

This paper is a continuation of Math. Res. Lett. 12 (2005), 493–512. We first construct special Lagrangian submanifolds of the Ricci-flat Stenzel metric (of holonomy SU(n)) on the cotangent bundle of Sⁿ by looking at the conormal bundle of appropriate submanifolds of Sⁿ. We find that the condition for the conormal bundle to be special Lagrangian is the same as that discovered by Harvey–Lawson for submanifolds in Rⁿ in their pioneering paper, Acta Math. 148 (1982), 47–157. We also construct calibrated submanifolds in complete metrics with special holonomy G₂ and Spin(7) discovered by Bryant and Salamon (Duke Math. J. 58 (1989), 829–850) on the total spaces of appropriate bundles over self-dual Einstein four manifolds. The submanifolds are constructed as certain subbundles over immersed surfaces. We show that this construction requires the surface to be minimal in the associative and Cayley cases, and to be (properly oriented) real isotropic in the coassociative case. We also make some remarks about using these constructions as a possible local model for the intersection of compact calibrated submanifolds in a compact manifold with special holonomy. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 53-XX, 58-XX.     

On an inequality of Oprea for Lagrangian submanifolds

We show that a Lagrangian submanifold of a complex space form attaining equality in the inequality obtained by Oprea in [8], must be totally geodesic.